大学英语写作讲座一修辞

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,大学英语写作讲座：修辞,1.Figures of Speech Semantically(语义修辞),1.1 明喻(simile)：,用like,as,as.as,as if(though)或用其他词语指出两个不同事物的相似之处,That boy is,as,dumb,as,an oyster,Intelligence is,like a river,.The deeper it is the less noise it makes.,He jumped,as if he had been stung,.,1.2暗喻(metaphor)：,用一个词来指代与该词所指事物有相似特点的另外一个事物.,Life,is the flower,for which love,is the honey.,She is a social,butterfly,.,The news you bring,is a dagger,to my heart.,1.3 转喻(metonymy),用某一事物的名称代替另外一个与它关系密切的事物的名称。,The order came directly from,the White House.,The pen,is mightier than,the sword,.,Grammar may be his,heel of Achilles,.,1.4 提喻(synecdoche),指用部分代表整体或者用整体代表部分，以特殊代表一般或者用一般代表特殊,.,He earns his,bread,by writing.,He is the,Newton,of this century.,Australia,beat,Canada,at cricket.,1.5 拟人(personification),把事物或者概念当作人或者具备人的品质的写法叫拟人。,My,heart,was,singing,.,The,wind,whistled,through the trees.,This time,fate,was,smiling,to him.,1.6 Transferred Epithet(移就),用修饰别的事物的形容词来修饰另一事物.,We had a,sleepless,night.,At the evening party Mary sang a song with a,sweet,voice.,While traveling alone to Beijing,I passed many an,anxious,hour.,1.7 委婉(euphemism),用温和的、间接的词语代替生硬的、粗俗的词语，以免直接说出不愉快的事实冒犯别人或者造成令人窘迫、沮丧的局面。,His uncle,passed,away,last month.,We should be considerate to,the elderly,.,Where can I,wash,my,hands,?,1.8 双关(pun),用同音异义或者一词二义来达到诙谐幽默的效果：表面上是一个意思，而实际上却暗含另一个意思，这种暗含的意思才是句子真正的目的所在。,A cannonball took off his legs,so he laid down his,arms,.,Seven days without water make one,weak,(,week,).,What does that lawyer do after he dies?,Lie,still.,1.9 夸张（hyperbole）,运用丰富的想象，过激的言词，渲染和装饰客观事物，以达到强调的效果。,My blood,froze,.,When I told our father about this,his heart,burst,.,My heart almost,stopped,beating,when I heard my daughters voice on the phone.,1.10 矛盾修饰(oxymoron),把相互矛盾的两个词用在一起的修辞方法。它利用词义表面的相互矛盾使表层的不和谐统一在思想内容的深层，从而揭示事物对立统一的本质特征，达到加深印象的目的。,The coach had to be,cruel,to be,kind,to his trainees.,During his,useful,life he often felt he was,useless,.,1.11叠言（rhetorical repetition）,在特定的语境中，将相同的结构，相同意义词组成句子重叠使用，以增强语气和力量。,It must be created by the blood and the work of all of us,who,believe in,God,who believe in,man,and,who believe in,the future,Good technique in medicine and surgery means more quicklycured patients,less,pain,less,discomfort,less,death,less,disease and,less,deformity.,1.12 平行(Parallelism),用两个以上句式结构相同的句子进行描述和论述.,Life brings tears,smiles,and memories.,The tears,dry.,The smiles,fade.But,the memories,last forever.,A gossip is someone who,talks to you about others.,A bore is someone who,talks to you about himself.,A brilliant conversationalist is someone who,talks to you about yourself.,1.13 顶真(Gradatio),用下一句的开头的词重复并强调上有一句结尾的词的一种表达方法.,When I was a child,I want to be an,adult,.When I am an,adult,I want to be a child.,Who controls Berlin controls,Germany,;who controls,Germany,controls,Europe,;who controls,Europe,controls the world.,1.14 递进(Climax),用词和组织句子时,逐渐提升其分量和重要性的表达方法.,The thief stole my,wallet,my,cell,phone,and my,car,.,Some books are to be,tasted,others to be,swallowed,and some few to be,chewed and digested.,1.15 突降(Anticlimax),与递进相反,突降使词语的范围缩小,重要性下降 的表达方法.,You ask me to help you at the cost of my,life,my,house,my,wife,and my,cat,.,He lost his,empire,his,family,and his,fountain,pen,.,He loves her very much,her,red,lips,her,shiny,eyes,and her,lovely,freckles,.,2.Figures of Speech Phonologically(语音修辞),2.1 头韵(Alliteration),句子中几个单词的开头音节相同或相似.,A,str,ong man,str,uggles with the,st,orms of fate.,2.2 尾韵(Consonance),句子中几个单词的结尾音节相同或相似.,Thinking is one of the most wonder,ful,and power,ful,tools we have.,2.3 拟声(Onomatopoeia),用拟声词描写特定的情景.,I can hear the water,splashing,the bees,humming,and the frogs,croaking,.,A sound,mind in,a sound,body.健康的思想寓于健康的身体。,Spare,the rod and,spoil,the child.省了棍子，惯坏了孩子。,The more women look in their,glass,the less they look to their,house.,妇女照镜越多，照管家务就越少。,He that would the daughter,win,must with the mother first,begin,.要想赢得女儿的欢心，必须先从她母亲着手。,He that will,thrive,must rise at,five.,五点起床，百事兴旺。,Birds of a,feather,flock,together,.物以类聚，人以群分。,Haste,makes,waste,.欲速则不达。,1.Just_,so you cant judge a person by his appearance.正如你无法凭封面评价一本书的好坏一样,你不能以貌取人.,2.Every man_.,每一个人都是自身幸福的建筑师。,3._and memory the mother.经验是知识之父，记忆是知识之母。,4._.滴水穿石。,5._.黑暗之中总有一线光明；祸中有福。,as you cant judge a book by its cover,is the architect of his own fortune,Experience is the father of wisdom,Constant dropping wears the stone,Every cloud has a silver lining,6._lasts till the grave.婴孩时期学到的东西，老死不会忘记。,7._.生活是美好的；(人无不好生恶死),8._.历史自身常重演。,9.Fortune often _those that have patience to wait for her.耐心候好运，好运常会来。,10.Fortune _every mans door.人人都有走运的一天。,What is learned in the cradle,Life is sweet,History repeats itself,rewards with interest,knocks once at least at,11,.She read the long-awaited letter,_.,她含泪并微笑着读那封盼望已久的信。,12.This is really _这种想法可真是伟大的愚蠢,14.Those who _,are frequently prepared to do everything for money.,相信金钱万能的人，往往会一切为了金钱。,15.Reading makes a full man;conference a ready man;and_.读书使人充实；交谈使人机智；写作使人精确。,with a tearful smile,a great stupid idea,I went mad with joy,believe mo