第三章 主谓一致(II)

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,第三章 主谓一致,(II),Lecture 3: Subject-verb Concord (II),II. The Gist of the Chapter,This lecture deals with problems of concord with a coordinate construction(,并列结构）, a quantitative expression,（表示数量的名词词组）, or a nominal clause,（名词性分句）,. as subject,III. Learning Points:,1,and / both and,Two girls and three boys_ from Beijing.(is/are),are,Both my mother and father_ in good health. (is/are),are,特殊情况：,无论定冠词还是不定冠词之后接两个名词时，谓语须用单数：,The secretary and treasurer is absent.,出纳员,She is a novelist and playwright.,剧作家,由,and,连接的,each, every, many a,等限定词，谓语须用单数：,Every boy and every girl in the room is entitled to high praise.,受到高度赞扬,当,what,连接的两个主语从句时，谓语须用复数：,What I say and think are no business of yours.,我所说的和想的与你无关,2,按“就近原则”处理的并列结构有：,or / nor,：,You or he is needed for this job.,eitheror:,Either you or he finishes reading the book.,Either he or you finish reading the book.,neithernor:,Neither the doctors nor the nurse is here.,Neither the nurse nor the doctors are here.,not onlybut also:,Not only the students but also the teacher has come.,Not only the teacher but also the students have come.,3.,谓语用单数的情况有：,将数量概念视为整体：,Six months is too short a time, he warned.,Five hours is needed to complete the outline.,“one in / one out of +,复数名词”：,One in ten students has failed the exam.,One out of ten was lost.,“a kind / sort / type of +,单复数名词”：,This kind of man annoys me.,That type of men is dangerous.,注意：如用,those kinds of / these types of +,复数名词，谓语用复数。,These kinds of men are good.,“a portion of / a series of / a pile of / a panel of +,复数名词”：,A series of accidents has been reported.,“many a / more than one +,名词”：,Many a boy has done his duty.,由“,what, who, why, whether, how, when, where”,等引导的名词性从句：,What he said is right.,Whether she will come or not is not certain.,注意：如用,and,连接两个以上的从句做主语，谓语用复数：,Why he did it and when he started to do it are a complete mystery.,由“,the one / the only one +,限定词和强调词”：,He is the one who plays football quite well.,Im the only one of those teachers who wants to take care of the pupils.,John is the only one of the players who has learnt all the rules.,非限定动词短语做主语：,Seeing is believing.,To do morning exercises is good for students.,两数相减相除,:,Ten minus five is / leaves / equals five. 10-5=5,Thirty divided by five is six. 305=6,4.,谓语即可以用单数也可以用复数：,两数相加相乘：,Seven plus seven is / are fourteen.,Two times two is / are four.,“an average of / a majority of +,复数名词”：,An average of 25 person apply each month.,An average of 25 applications a month is not unusual.,5.,谓语按照,of,后名词的单复数而定的结构有：,“分数,/,百分数,+ of +,词组”，,Two thirds of the swampland has been reclaimed for farming.,“all of / some of / none of / half of / most of + n.”,：,All of the crew were saved.,Half of players are girls.,Some of the money has been stolen.,“lots of / loads of / plenty of + n.”:,Lots of people are waiting outside.,Lots of water is going to waste.,谓语动词在人称和数上必须和主语一致，一般情况下，主语的单复数决定谓语的单复数。但在实际运用中，常常碰到一些特殊的情况：,1,在正式语体中，“,one of those +,复数名词”后的定语从句中的谓语动词用复数。例如：,He is one of those students who want to go.,他是想去的学生之一。,当,one,前面有,the only,修饰时，定语从句中的谓语动词用单数。例如：,He is the only one of those students who wants to go.,他是唯一想去的学生。,2,如果一个谓语动词有两个主语，其中一个是肯定的，另一个是否定的，谓语动词必须和肯定的主语一致。例如：,I not you, am the most beautiful girl in the world.,我，而不是你，是这个世界上最漂亮的女孩。,3,由,both,连接两个主语时，谓语动词一般用复数。例如：,Both Mary and Ann are ready.,但当并列主语作为整体考虑，或在意义上指同一个人、同一事物、同一概念时，谓语动词要用单数。例如：,Ice cream and cake is my favorite dessert.,冰淇淋蛋糕是我最喜欢的甜点。,当两个单数名词前都有冠词时，谓语动词常用复数。例如：,The editor and the publisher of this magazine are very able man.,这个杂志的编辑和出版商都是大能人。（指两个人）,当两个单数名词前只有一个冠词时，谓语动词常用单数。例如：,The editor and publisher of this magazine is a very able man.,这个杂志的编辑兼出版商是个大能人。（指同一个人）,4,当“,more than one +,单数名词”做主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。例如：,More than one person has voted against him.,不止一人投票反对他,。,当“,more +,复数名词,+ than one”,做主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：,More persons than one have been shot.,不止一人被枪杀了。,当“,more than +,复数名词” 做主语时，谓语动词一般用复数。例如：,More than two hundred people have attended the meeting.,两百多人出席了会议。,5,作为整体看待的表示时间、金钱、距离、体积等名词词组做主语时，谓语动词常用单数。例如：,Eight hours sleep is enough.,每天有八小时的睡眠就足够了。,如果主语表示具体的、个别的单位，谓语动词用复数。例如：,Their last four years have been full of surprise.,过去的四年中，他们的生活充满了惊奇,有些以,ics,结尾的名词，如,ethics,（民族学）, politics,（政治学）, statistics,（统计学）,等用来表示“学科领域”时，谓语动词用单数；用来表示“具体行为”、“观点”、“数字”时，谓语动词用复数。例如：,Politics seems to be difficult to him.,政治在他看来似乎很难。,The statistics in that report are not accurate.,那份报告中的统计数字不精确。,