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,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Developmental Psychology,2110 3.0 H(Fall Term),Introduction,Developmental,Quiz,Definition of Development,The pattern of movement or change that begins at conception and continues through the human life span,Why Study Life-Span Development?,You can gain insight to your own life as a child,adolescent,and young adult.,You will learn about life through the adult yearsmiddle age,and old age.,You may be a parent or a teacher some day.,Life-span development is linked with many different areas of psychology.,Assumptions influence practices,Original Sin-children were perceived as being basically bad,born into the world as evil beings.,Tabula,Rasa-children are like a“blank tablet,”and acquire their characteristics through experience.,Innate Goodness-children are inherently good.,Where do our assumptions come from?,Tradition,Personal experience,Experts,Research,History:Aristotle(384-322 BCE),Young Men:“Young men have strong passions,and tend to gratify them indiscriminately”,Elderly Men:“They are cynical small-minded,cowardly,and are always anticipating danger they love life;and all the more when their last day has come”,Men in their prime:“all the valuable qualities that youth and age divide between them are united in the prime of life.the body is in its prime from thirty to five-and-thirty;the mind about forty-nine”,History:English-speaking pioneers,Charles Darwin(1809-1882):“A Biographical Sketch of an Infant”(1877),G.S.Hall(1844-1924):“Adolescence”(1907):”Most savages in most respects are children,or,because of sexual maturity,more properly,adolescents of adult size”,Traditional Approach,vs,.Life-Span Approach,The traditional approach emphasizes extensive change from birth to adolescence,little or no change in adulthood,and decline in late old age.,The life-span approach emphasizes developmental change during adulthood as well as childhood.,Characteristics of the Life-Span Perspective,Development is lifelong,Development is multidimensional,Development is multidirectional,Development is plastic,Development is contextual,Development is studied by a number of disciplines,Development involves growth,maintenance,and regulation,Development is Lifelong,No age period dominates development.,Researchers increasingly study the experiences and psychological orientations of adults at different points in their development.,Development is Multidimensional,There are biological dimensions.,There are cognitive dimensions.,There are,socioemotional,dimensions.,Development is Multidirectional,Some dimensions or components of a dimension increase in growth.,Some dimensions or components of a dimension decrease in growth.,Development is Plastic,Plasticity involves the degree to which characteristics change or remain stable.,Development is Contextual,Normative age-graded influences,Normative history-graded influences,Nonnormative,life events,Development is Studied by a Number of Disciplines,Psychologists,Sociologists,Anthropologists,Neuroscientists,Medical Researchers,The Three Goals of Human Development,Maintenance,Growth,Regulation,Biological Processes,Involve changes in the individuals physical nature such as:,Height and weight gains,The development of the brain,Changes in motor skills,Cardiovascular decline,Cognitive Processes,Involve changes in the individuals thought,intelligence,and language such as:,Watching a mobile swing above a crib,Creating a two-word sentence,Memorizing a poem,Imagining being a movie star,Socioemotional,Processes,Involve changes in the individuals relationships with other people,changes in emotions,and changes in personality such as:,An infant smiling from her mothers touch,A young boy hitting a playmate,A girls joy at her senior prom,The affection of an elderly couple,Periods of Development,The prenatal period,Infancy,Early childhood,Middle and late childhood,Adolescence,Early adulthood,Middle adulthood,Late adulthood,The Prenatal Period,The time from conception to birth,From a single cell to an organism complete with a brain and behavioral capabilities,Approximately a 9-monthperiod,Infancy,The developmental period from birth to 18 or 24 months,A time of extreme dependency on adults,Many psychological activities are just beginning,Early Childhood,The developmental period extending from the end of infancy to about 5 or 6 years,Often called the“preschool years”,Children learn to become more self-sufficient,Children now develop school readiness skills,Children spend many hours playing with peers,Middle and Late Childhood,The developmental period extending from about 6 to 11 years of age,Approximately corresponds to the elementary school years,Fundamental skills of reading,writing,and arithmetic are mastered,Child is formally exposed to larger world and its culture,Adolescence,The developmental period of transition from childhood to early adulthoodentered at 10-12 years,ending at 18-22 years,Be
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