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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Unit 12 The New Immorality,An Integrated English Course (5),PART I: CLASS PLANNING,1. Teaching Materials,Textbook: An Integrated English Book 5; Teachers Book,Dictionaries: Oxford Advanced Learners English-Chinese Dictionary (Fourth edition); A New English-Chinese Dictionary .,2. Teaching Objectives,To learn about some basic features of argumentative writing;,To grasp,the new words and expressions;,3. Time Allocation,Periods 1-2: Analysis of Text I ; Explanation of the text (,Paras,1-5),Periods 3-4 : Explanation of the text (,Paras,6-10),Periods 5-6: Comprehension questions; Exercises; Text II,4. Teaching Me,t,hods,Interactive teaching,Communicative teaching,5. Teaching Aids,Lecture notes prepared by the teacher,PART II: TEACHING LECTURES,Periods 1-2 (80 min ),Warm-up Questions:,1,How do you feel about the academic corruption?,2. What measure can be taken to prevent the academic corruption form spreading?,About the Lesson,The author,Krutch,Josepeh,wood, American critic, educator, a naturalist, in this,argumentative essay, exposes, analyzes,the new immorality prevalent in our age, which refers to the fact that many people tend to accept and take for granted personal dishonesty, and as a result, they are not likely to feel ashamed when they are caught cheating or doing something dishonest, but claim that they have a strong social conscience and social morality.,Structural Analysis of Text I:,The whole essay,may be divided into three parts.,1. Part I (,paras,. 1-3):,illustrate a paradox of our age.,2. Part II (,Para,s,4-10):,first illustrate,s,an interesting tendency to accept and take for granted personal dishonesty, and next analyzes the social and psychological ground for the behavior,attitude, and defense of the dishonest people, and then,writer presents his own opinions about the great significance of the concept of personal honor.,3.,P,art,III (,Para,11):,presents the writers idea of what an honest and honorable person ought to do no matter how bad the world may become.,Detailed Study of,Paras,1-5 of Text I:,1. provost,n.,a high-ranking administrative official of a university,The,provosts,of some colleges of the university were present at the graduation ceremony.,The,pro,v,ost,presided over the faculty meeting yesterday.,2. reprehensible,a,dj.,deserving to be reprehended; deserving to be criticized or rebuked Plagiarism was a morally,reprehensible,act.,It was,reprehensible,of him to steal from his mother.,3. rig,vt,.,to arrange the outcome of,sth,. dishonestly,They claimed that the result of the election was,rigged.,Some stockholders,rigged,the stock market.,4. Yet most of these five, like most of the college cheaters, would probably profess a strong social consciousness.,:,However, most of these five people, like a majority of the college students who commit cheating on examinations, would probably claim that they have a strong sense of responsibility for society.,profess,vt,.,claim,sth,. often falsely; state openly that one has a belief, feeling, etc.,I dont,profess,expert knowledge of this subject.,How could you,profess,to be an expert in this area?,He,professed,that he knew nothing about the plot.,She,professed,herself satisfied with the progress made.,5. These two examples exhibit a paradox of our age.,:,These two examples clearly,display a,contradictory situation in our age.,paradox,n.,a statement that seems to be absurd or contradi,c,tory but is or may be,true; use of,this in talking or writing; person, thing, or situation displaying contradictory features,More haste, less speed is a well-known,paradox.,Paradox,and irony are characteristics of her style.,It is a,paradox,that there are so many poor people in such a rich country.,6. honor,n.,a privilege, source of pride and pleasure; good personal character; strong,sense of,what is morally right; reputation for greatness, good behavior, truthfulness, etc.; great,respect,It is a great,honor,for me to be invited.,Honor,demands that he should resign.,They are fighting for the,honor,of their country.,They stood in silence as a mark of,honor,to her.,7. integrity,n.,honesty, moral uprightness; wholeness or soundness,We admire her greatly for her,integrity.,They make great effort to keep their cultural,integrity,intact.,The two nations have mutual respect for their territorial,integrity.,We should maintain the,integrity,of our brain function.,8. ., and my observation leads me to believe it true, that our seemingly great growth,in social,morality has oddly enough taken place in a world where private morality,-,a sen,se of the,supreme importance of purely personal honor, honesty, and integrity - seems to be d,eclining. :,., and on the basis of my observation Ive come to believe it true that our social,morality,seems to have made great progress, which has oddly enough taken place in a work private morality - an awareness of the paramount importance of purely personal honor. r and integrity - seems to be weakening.,9. Beneficent and benevolent social institutions are administered by men who all too freque,ntly turn,out to be accepting gifts.,:,Charitable social organizations are managed or cont,rolled by,men who very often prove to be easily bribed.,beneficent,adj.,showing active kindness; generous, charitable,Many rich businessmen have become,beneficent,patrons.,The,orphan,was looked after by a,beneficent,old lady.,benevolent,adj.,willing or wishing to be kind, friendly and helpful; charitable, doing goo,d rather,than making profits,I am deeply impressed by his,benevolent,manner.,The feminist established a,benevolent,institution when she retired.,10. The world of popular entertainment is rocked,by scandal. College students, put on their honor, cheat on examination. Candidates for the Ph. D. hire ghost-writers to prepare their theses.: The world of popular entertainment is shocked by social disgrace. College students who are considered to deserve great honor, act dishonestly in examinations. Candidates for the Ph. D. hire other people to write their dissertations.,Ghost writer: a person who writes,sth,. for,sb,. Else and allows him to publish it under his own name,It turned out that all his articles were actually bought form ghost-writers.,Most ghost-writers are driven by money to ghost-write for others.,Is malaria still,prevalent,among the population here?,Anti-government sentiments are still,prev,a,lent,in that war-ravaged country.,1,1,. I have no way of making a historical measurement.,;,I am not able at all to judge pers,onal,dishonesty from the angle of history.,1,2,. What I do know is that there is an interesting tendency to accept and take for granted su,ch,personal dishonesty.,:,What I know for certain is that interestingly, many people tend,to,accept such personal dishonesty and regard it as common, and thus remain indifferent to it.,1,3,. The college student caught cheating does not even blush.,:,The college student who is cau,ght,red-handed, cheating on an examination, does not feel ashamed in the least.,Periods 3-4 ( 80 min ),Aid:,Lecture notes prepared by the teacher,Gist Questions:,1. How does the author criticize the new immorality and refute the defense of the dishonest?,2. What is the writers opinion of the real and ultimate security?,1,. It is my conviction that though men may be no more wicked than they always have been, th,ey,seem less likely to be ashamed.,:,I believe that though people may not be becoming me- wicked than they used to be, they seem less likely to feel ashamed when they are caught do,ing,something wrong.,2,. If anybody does it, it must be right.,:,If it is a common practice, it is most probably c,orrect,3,. mores,n.,(,fml,),customs or conventions considered typical of or essential to a group,We must observe social,mores.,Every society has its own,mores.,4,. revealing,a,dj.,making facts, etc. known; causing or allowing,sth,. to be visible,It was a,revealing,slip of the tongue.,The X-ray was very,revealing.,She is wearing a rather,revealing,dress.,5,. It doesnt hurt anybody means it doesnt do that abstraction called society any harm.,: The,statement It doesnt hurt anybody implies that it doesnt do any harm to society as a,whole.,abstraction,n.,a general idea or theory developed from specific concrete examples of even,ts,I expect some examples to illustrate your talk that is, by and large, an,abstraction.,6,. The harm it did the bribe-taker and the cheater isnt important; it is purely personal.,:,The harm,it did the bribe-taker and the cheater is insignificant, because it is merely the person,con,cerned that bears the consequence.,7,. And persona, as opposed to social decency, doesnt count for much.,:,Whats more, ho person appears or actually is, in contrast to public morality, amounts to almost nothing.,persona,n.,(psychology) the image of character and personality that one wishes to sho,w the,outside world,She has a hot temper, which is an undesirable,persona,of her personality.,The comic,person,ae,in her writings are jocund and humorous.,8. Sociology has tended to lay exclusive stress upon social morality, and tended too often to define good and evil as merely the “socially useful” or its reverse.: Sociology has been apt to exclusively emphasize social morality, and likely very often to interpret good simply as the “social useful” and to define evil only as “the socially useless.”,sociology,n,. the scientific study of the nature, development, structure and functioning of human society; the study of social problems,sociology,n.,the scientific study of the nature, development, structure and functioning of human society; the study of social problems,Professor Zhang, who specializes in,sociology,has published many articles on it in academic journals.,reverse,n.,sth,. that is the contrary or opposite to what is expected; change for the worse Childrens shoes are not cheap, but quite the,reverse.,You were the very,reverse,of politeness.,The patient suffered some serious,reverses,9,. What social morality and social conscience leave out is the narrower but very significant concept of honor,-,as opposed to what is sometimes called merely socially desirable conduct.,:,What the definition of social morality and social conscience fails to include in its scope is the narrower but very important notion of honor; rather, it lays much more emphasis on what is sometimes referred to merely as socially desirable conduct.,10,. dishonor,vt,.,to bring disgrace on,sb,. or,sth,.,W,hat he did,dishonored,his family.,It was a cowardly act that,dishonored,his memory.,11,. It was a favorite and no doubt sound argument among early twentieth-century reformers that playing the game, as the gentleman was supposed to play it, was not enough to make a decent society,.:,Early twentieth-century reformers-rightly argued that playing the game as the gentleman was supposed to play it, i.e. behaving as the man of honor was expected to, was not enough for the creation of a truly moral society.,12,. They were right: it is not enough. But the time has come to add that it is indeed inevitable that the so-called social conscience unsupported by the concept of personal honor will create a corrupt society.,:,They were correct. Indeed, playing the game as the gentleman was supposed to play it is not enough at all to make a decent society. But it is high time that we added that it is unavoidable that the so-called social conscience, not backed by the concept of personal honor, is likely to lead to an immoral or dishonest society.,13,. But suppose that it doesnt? Suppose that no one except the individual suffers from the fact that he sees nothing wrong in doing what everybody else does?,:,But what attitude should the individual adopt provided that the so-called social conscience unsupported by,the concept of personal honor doesnt create a corrupt society? What should be the most appropriate thing to do, supposing that only the specified person suffers from the fact that he doesnt see anything wrong in doing the same as many others do.,14. Even so, I still insist that for the individual himself nothing is more important than this personal, interior sense of right and wrong and his determination to follow that rather than to be guided by what everybody does or merely the criterion of “social usefulness.” : Even if the so-called social conscience unsupported by the concept of personal honor doesnt crate a corrupt society, and even though no one except the individual suffers from the fact that he sees nothing wrong in doing what everybody else does, I still insist that for the individual himself the most important thing is that he should depend on his own awareness of right and wrong. He should have the,determination to act according to that rather than to be guided by what everybody does or merely the criterion of social usefulness.,social usefulness: Accordi,n,g to the context, this phrase means being useful or helpful to a particular group of people with shared interest, etc.,15,. If that is so, then they have a wrong notion of what the real, the ultimate, security is.,:,If what present-day men most desire is really security, then they have a wrong idea of what the genuine, the essential, security is.,ultimate,ad.,beyond which no other exists or is possible; from which everything else is derived, basic or fundamental; that cannot be surpassed or improved upon,The management must take,ultimate,responsibility for the strike.,Nuclear weapons are the,ultimate,deterrent.,These are the,ultimate,principles of philosophy and science.,The,ultimate,luxury of the trip was flying on the Concorde.,16,. No one who is dependent on anything outside himself, upon money, power, fame, or whatnot, is or ever can be secure.,:,No one who does not rely on himself but just on money, power, fame, etc. is or ever can be free from danger.,17,. Only he who possesses himself and is content with himself is actually secure.,:,Whoever is,his own master and happy with his achievements is indeed secure.,18,. Even cooperation, to give this thing its most favorable designation, is no more important than the ability to stand alone when the choice must be made between the sacrifice of ones own integrity and adjustment to or participation in group activity.,:,Even cooperation, the most favorable term we can use to refer to adjustment and participation in the group, is by no means of more importance than the ability to work independently when one is confronted with the decision between the giving up of ones own honesty and his adaptation to or joining in group activity.,19. If one person alone refuses to go along with him, if one person alone asserts his individual and inner right to believe in and be loyal to what his fellow men seem to have given up, then at least he will still remain what is perhaps the most important part of humanity.: If only one person declines to follow the mass man, and instead adheres to his own beliefs and remains faithful to what his peers seem to have deserted, then at least he will still continue to be a most real, upright and useful person with the most important human qualities.,Humanity n. human beings collectively, the human race,Failure to curb the disease will make all humanity suffer from it.,Periods 5-6 ( 80 min ):,Comprehension Questions:,1. What conclusion can be drawn after reading the first three paragraphs?,2. Why is the argument that “playing the game” as the gentleman was supposed to play it not enough to make a decent society?,Oral Activities,How prevalent are cheating and plagiarism in your university? What, do you think, are the causes of such campus misbehavior? And what can be done to prevent such wicked behavior?,Text II: Growing Old,Questions for discussion:,1. What does the author mean when he says “To flatter and pamper the young for ten years is to leave them increasingly dissatisfied for the next fifty”?,The author refers to the danger of lavishing too much care on the young. As a result, they may be discontented both in regards to their day-to-day activities and their outlook for the future. As they are supremely confident that their destinies lie within their own control, they may not hour old people. They may be disengaged form social problems and uninvolved with the world outside home.,2. What is the authors intent in,para,. 4?,The author criticizes the current view of old people and strives to reverse the stereotype of old,3. What is the main criticism directed against the orientation of modern times?,4. What is the meaning of the authors reference to “goats blood” and ”sheeps glands”?,5. What is the authors point of view toward growing old?,
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