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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,1,附加疑问句的结构,附加疑问句也叫做反意疑问句,在英语会话中非常重要。其结构主要有以下两种:,(,1,)肯定陈述,+,否定附加疑问。例如:,You,ve finished your work, haven,t you?,你工作完成了,是吧?,Frank smokes, doesn,t he?,弗兰克吸烟,是不是?,(,2,)否定陈述,+,肯定附加疑问。例如:,You didn,t lock the door, did you?,你没锁门,是吧?,We can,t leave before dark, can we?,我们不能在天黑以前离开,是吗?,1,2,附加疑问句的主语,(,1,)陈述部分的主语是,everyone, everybody, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, no one, no body,等不定代词时,附加疑问部分的主语可用,he,也可用,they,。例如:,Everyone likes the new idea, doesn,t he/don,t they?,大家都喜欢这个新的想法,不是吗?,No one knows where she lives now, does he/do they?,没人知道她现在今天在哪儿,是吗?,(,2,)陈述部分的主语是,everything, something, anything, nothing, this, that,时,附加疑问部分的主语用,it,。例如:,Nothing could make her alter her views, could it?,什么也不能使她改变看法的,对吧?,That is what you want to know, isn,t it ?,那是你想知道的,不是吗?,(,3,)陈述部分的主语是,one,时,附加疑问部分的主语正式语体用,one,,非正式语体用,you,。例如:,One can,t be too careful, can one/you?,越细心越好,对吧?,2,(4),陈述部分的主语时,such,时,附加疑问部分的主语单数用,it,,复数用,they,。例如:,Such is his nature, isn,t it?,这就是他的本性,不是吗?,Such are your reasons, aren,t they?,这些就是你的理由,是吗?,(,5,)陈述部分的主语是不定式、动名词、词组或从句时,附加疑问部分的主语一律用,it,。例如:,To master French is difficult, isn,t it?,掌握法语很难,是吗?,What she said was believable, wasn,t it?,她说的话是可信的,对吗?,(,6,)在,there be,句型中,附加疑问部分无主语,主语用引导词,there,代替。例如:,There are some tourists there, aren,t there?,那儿有,5,位游客,是不是?,3,(,7,)陈述部分的主语是,each of,时,如果强调全体,附加疑问部分的主语可用,they, we, you ;,如果强调单个,则可用,he, she, it.,例如:,Each of the students passed the finals, didn,t they?,所有学生都通过了期末考试,对吗?(强调全体),Each of the students passed the finals, didn,t he?(,强调单个,),(,8,)陈述部分是复合句时,附加疑问部分的主语一般与主句主语一致。例如:,You visited Jack when you were in London, didn,t you?,你在伦敦时去看了杰克,对吗?,He believes that Mary is right, doesn,t he?,他认为玛丽是对的,是吗?,但主句的主语是第一人称,谓语动是,believe, think, consider, guess, expect, suppose, imagine,等时,附加疑问部分的主语则与从句主语一致。例如:,I don,t think he cares, does he?,我不认为他介意,对吗?,I suppose you are coming with us, aren,t you?,我想你会跟我们一起去的,是吗?,4,(,9,)陈述部分是第二人称祈使句时,附加疑问部分要补上主语,you,。例如:,Don,t take away my encyclopedia, will you?,别把我的百科全书带走,好吗?,Don,t tell anyone I told you, will you?,你别跟人讲是我告诉你的,好吗?,Spare me two minutes, will you?,给我两分钟,好吗?,(,10,) 感叹句中的附加疑问句,主语是人时用,he, she, you,等人称代词,主语是物时用,it,。 例如:,How slim she is, isn,t she ?,她真苗条,是吗?,What a nice day, isn,t it?,多好的天气,是吧?,5,3,附加疑问句的谓语动词,3.1,否定词与附加疑问句,(1),陈述部分带有,hardly, scarcely, barely, rarely, seldom, few, little,等半否定词时,附加疑问部分用肯定式。例如:,Few people live to the age of 100, do they?,很少有人活到,100,岁,不是吗?,She had little work that day, had she?,她那天工作不多,是吗?,(,2,)陈述部分的谓语动词带否定意义或形容词带有否定意义的前缀或后缀时,附加疑问部分仍用否定式。例如:,He failed/refused to come, didn,t he?,他没能,/,拒绝来,是吗?,They forgot to attend the lecture, didn,t they?,他们忘了去听讲座,是吗?,6,大家有疑问的,可以询问和交流,可以互相讨论下,但要小声点,7,3.2,情态助动词与附加疑问句,(,1,)陈述部分的动词是,must be,表示对目前情况的猜测时,附加疑问部分要用,be,的各个人称变化形式。例如:,Your parents must be in the kitchen, aren,t they?,你父母准是在厨房里,对吗?,(,2,)陈述部分是,must,加现在完成时表示对过去情况的猜测时,附加疑问部分的动词可分别用,did,(有明确的过去时间状语)或,has/have,(无明确的过去时间状语或有与现在相关的时间状语)。例如:,They must have arrived there last week, didn,t they?,他们一定是上周到的,是吗?,(,3,)陈述部分的动词是,ought to, used to , would rather, had better,等时,附加疑问部分的动词用法见下面的例子:,The child ought to be punished, oughtn,t he/ shouldn,t he?,这个孩子应该受到惩罚,不是吗?,8,3.3,其它句型的附加疑问句,(,1,)陈述部分的结构是,I wish,时,附加疑问部分用,may I,。例如:,I wish to remain here, may I?,我想留在这里,行吗?,I wish to have a rest now, may I?,我想现想休息一下,可以吗?,(2),陈述部分的结构是,I am,时,附加疑问部分用,aren,t I, am I not(,正式体,),,,aren,t I,(非标准英语)。例如:,I am doing well, aren,t I ?,I am cool, aren,t I?,9,(3),祈使句的附加疑问句有几种情况:,a.,附加部分用,will you?, won,t you?, can you? , can,t you?, could you?, would you?,等表示,“,请求,”,、,“,客气,”,等意义。例如:,Post this parcel for me, can you /could you/ would you?,请你帮我把这个包裹寄了,好吗?,Take a seat, will you / won,t you?,请坐吧。,b.,Let me /us,等开头的祈使句,附加部分要用,will you,。例如:,Let us have a look at your photo, will you?,让我们看看你的照片,好吗?,c.,Let,s,开头的祈使句,附加部分用,shall we,。例如:,Let,s go and see a film, shall we?,我们去看场电影,好吗?,d.,否定的祈使句,附加疑问部分用,will you,。例如:,Don,t make any noise, will you?,别发出响声,行吗?,10,(,4,)陈述部分是并列句,附加疑问部分应与邻近的分句一致。例如:,She was told again and again, but she still couldn,t remember it, could she?,一次又一次地跟她讲,可她还是记不住,是不是?,I didn,t enjoy hot weather in summer, but we have to live with it, don,t we.,我不喜欢夏季炎热的天气,但是没办法,是吧?,11,4,其它有关问题,(1),除了上述两种结构的附加疑问句外,还有一类带感情色彩的附加疑问句,即,“,肯定,+,肯定,”,和,“,否定,+,否定,”,形式。它们常用,oh, so,等表示感情色彩的词开头,有些语法学者称之为,“,同向附加疑问句,”,。例如:,Oh, you told her, did you?,呵,你告诉她的?(可能表示惊讶或不高兴等),So he won,t pay his bills, won,t he? We,ll see about that.,这么说他不会付账了,是不是?我们倒要看看。(可能表示惊奇、愤怒、威吓、挑衅等),(,2,)某些固定词组可以代替附加疑问句,其形式不受陈述部分的制约,例如:,isn,t that true/so?, don,t you think/agree?, am I right?, right?, OK?, eh?,等。,12,练习答案与解析,1. A,肯定陈述,+,否定附加疑问。,2. C it is/was the +,序数词,time that,句型,反义疑问句用,isn,t/wasn,t it?,3. C have to +,动词(,had to +,动词),反义疑问句用,don,t +,主语(,didn,t +,主语)。,4. B,陈述部分的谓语动词带否定意义或形容词带有否定意义的前缀或后缀时,附加疑问部分仍用否定式。,5. D,陈述部分的主句是,I think,,,I suppose, I believe,等结构时,附加问句部分则往往与,that-,分句中的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系。,13,6. B,陈述部分是感叹句,完整的句子应为:,What beautiful weather it is !,其中,Beautiful weather,是被强调的部分,句子主语谓语是,it is,。而反意疑问句要求用谓语的否定形式,+,主语,所以选,B,。,7. A,陈述部分的主语是,everything, something, anything, nothing, this, that,时,附加疑问部分的主语用,it,。而且主语是,nothing,,为否定,所以反义疑问句用肯定。,8. D,陈述部分是祈使句,附加部分用,will you?,表示,“,请求,”,。,9. A Let,s,开头的祈使句,附加部分用,shall we,。,10.C,陈述部分带有,never,,是否定词,附加疑问部分用肯定式,14,11. C,陈述部分是祈使句,附加部分用,will you?,12. B,在,there be,句型中,附加疑问部分无主语,主语用引导词,there,代替。与前面的,there has been,一致,所以反意疑问句用,hasn,t there?,。,13. A,对,they didn,t,的反问。,14. B,陈述部分的主句是,I think,,,I suppose, I believe,等结构时,附加问句部分则往往与,that-,分句中的主语和谓语东西保持对应关系。因该结构为否定,所以反义疑问句用肯定形式。,15. D,陈述部分的主语是从句,附加疑问部分的主语用,it,。,15,16. B,陈述部分是,must,加现在完成时表示对过去情况的猜测,且有明确的过去时间状语时,附加疑问部分的动词用,did,。,17. D,陈述部分的结构是,I wish,时,附加疑问部分用,may I,。,18. C,陈述部分带有情态动词,ought to,附加疑问部分用,should,。,19. A,陈述部分的动词是,must be,表示对目前情况的猜测时,附加疑问部分根据主语,you,而用,are,。而且陈述部分为肯定,所以反意疑问句要用否定,故而选,A,。,20. B,陈述部分带有,hardly,为半否定词,附加疑问部分用肯定式。,16,
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