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栏目导引,高频考,点突破,专题针,对训练,课堂达,标训练,专题四语法填空和短文改错,八、名词性从句,专题四语法填空和短文改错,命题分析,名词性从句是高考的必考点，它在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。语法填空题和短文改错题对名词性从句的考察集中在引导词上，其中连接代词that与what，if与whether是考察的重点。解决名词性从句的问题的关键是：一、通过从句的位置，区分从句的类型；二、分析从句，看看从句中所缺少的句子成分和句意，最终确定选用适宜的连接词。,专题四语法填空和短文改错,主 语 从 句,1,主语从句的引导词。,连接词,连接代词,连接副词,that,，,whether,，,if,只起连接作用,，,不在从句中作成分。,what,，,who,，,whom,，,which,，,whichever,，,whatever,，,whoever,在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。,when,，,where,，,how,，,why,在从句中作状语。,(2021 高考北京卷)How we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.,我们如何理解事情与我们所感受到的有很大关系。,(2021高考陕西卷)When the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.那架延误的班机什么时候会起飞在很大程度上取决于天气。,(2021高考北京卷)Some people believe whatever has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.一些人认为，无论是以前发生过的还是现在正在发生的事情，在将来都会再次发生。,易错警示,(1)that,引导主语从句时一般不省略。,(2),当主语从句位于句首时,，,常用,whether,引导,，,而不用,if,。,2,形式主语。,it,作形式主语的常见的句型：,(1)It,be,形容词,(necessary/likely/important/certain,等,),that,从句,(2)It,be,名词,(,短语,)(a pity/a shame/no wonder,等,),that,从句,(3)It,be,过去分词,(said/told/reported,等,),that,从句,(4)It,不及物动词,(seem,，,appear,，,happen,，,matter,等,),that,从句,It remains to be seen whether the newly formed committees policy can be put into practice.,这个新形成的委员会的政策能否实施还有待观察。,It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about,，,although about two thousand patients have taken it.,尽管大约两千名患者已经服用了这种药，但是它会带来什么样的副作用还不清楚。,It is a shame that we should have lost such an important customer.,真遗憾我们失去了一位如此重要的客户。,易错警示,当,it,作形式主语,，,主语从句放在句末时,，,用,if,或,whether,引导均可,，,但如果被后置的主语从句中引导词后接,or not,时,，,只能用,whether,。,即时训练,单句语法填空,1(2021高考天津卷改编)I think _ impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.,解析：句意：我认为他的绘画给我留下深刻印象的是他使用的颜色。分析句子构造可知，I think后是宾语从句，宾语从句中谓语动词是is，其前是主语从句，主语从句中谓语动词impresses 前又缺主语，需用what引导。,what,2(2021高考全国大纲卷)Exactly _ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain，but it was probably around 1565.,解析：句意：确切地说，马铃薯什么时间被引进到欧洲还拿不准，但是可能是在1565年左右。分析构造可知，此处缺少主语从句的引导词。根据but并列分句中的关键信息around 1565可知，此处表示“时间，故要用when引导主语从句。,when,3_ China views USJapan relationship will have an effect on Chinas military policy.,解析：句意：中国如何对待美国与日本的关系对中国的军事政策有影响。分析构造可知，此处缺少主语从句的引导词。根据句意是中国如何对待美日关系，故填how。,How,1,宾语从句的引导词。,宾 语 从 句,连接词,连接代词,连接副词,that,，,whether,，,if,只起连接作用,，,不在从句中作成分。,what,，,who,，,whom,，,which,，,whichever,，,whatever,，,whoever,在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。,when,，,where,，,how,，,why,在从句中作状语。,(2021 高考陕西卷)Reading her biography，I was lost in admiration for what Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.读她的传记，我对多丽丝莱辛在文学上所取得的成就钦佩不,已。,(2021高考福建卷)Pick yourself up.Courage is doing what youre afraid to do.振作起来。勇敢就是做你害怕做的事情。,Choosing the right dictionary depends on what you want to use it for.选择正确的词典取决于你想拿它做什么。,Experts believe that people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.专家们认为如果人们只在必要时购,物，就会浪费较少的食物。,易错警示,(1)that引导宾语从句时，常被省去，但以下情况下不能省略：动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可省略，其余的不可省略；宾语从句前有插入语时；that引导的从句位于句首时。,(2)一般情况下介词后只能用wh类连接词引导宾语从句。介词后面需要用that从句作宾语时，必须用it作形式宾语。并且在介词后的宾语从句，连接词表示“是否时，只用whether，不用if。,(3)在doubt引导的宾语从句中，假设主句为肯定句，宾语从句的连接词用whether/if，假设主句为否认句或疑问句，宾语从句的连接词用that。,(4)宾语从句的时态：一般情况下，宾语从句须与主句的时态保持一致，即当主句是一般现在时时，从句可根据具体情况选用适宜的时态；当主句为过去的某种时态时，从句须用相应的过去的某种时态。当从句的内容为真理或客观事实时，须用一般现在时。,2形式宾语。,宾语从句一般放在及物动词或介词之后，但是，在以下情况下，须用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语从句后置。,(1)动词find/feel/think/consider/make it宾补(形容词或名词)不定式/宾语从句,(2)动词hate/like/dislike/appreciate/enjoy it 宾语从句,(3)短语动词see to/depend on/rely on it宾语从句,(4)固定搭配take it for granted that/owe it to sb.that 宾语从句,You may depend on it that I shall always help you.你可以相信我一定会随时帮助你。,Its a lovely day，isnt it 天气很好，对吗？,Yes.I love it when the weather is like this.是的，我喜欢像这样的天气。,I think it necessary that we take plenty of water every day.我认为我们每天多喝水是有必要的。,即时训练,单句语法填空,1(2021高考山东卷改编)It is difficult for us to imagine _ life was like for slaves in the ancient world.,解析：句意：对我们来说很难想象在古代世界奴隶的生活是什么样的。此题中 imagine是及物动词，其后接的从句是宾语从句，而在宾语从句中，介词like后缺宾语，故用what引导宾语从句。,what,2Do not let any failures discourage you，for you can never tell _ close you may be to victory.,解析：句意：不要因失败而泄气，因为你永远也不会知道成功可能离你有多近。动词tell之后为宾语从句，宾语从句为感慨句，修饰形容词close，故用how。,how,3Success partially depends on _ you have the,patience to do simple things perfectly.,解析：句意：成功局部取决于你是否有耐心把简单的事情做得完美。设空词引导宾语从句，作介词on的宾语，意为“是,否，故填whether。,whether,1,表语从句的引导词。,表 语 从 句,连接词,连接代词,连接副词,that,，,whether,只起连接作用,，,不在从句中作成分。,what,，,who,，,whom,，,which,，,whichever,，,whatever,，,whoever,在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。,when,，,where,，,how,，,why,在从句中作状语。,(2021 高考福建卷)This is where we usually think its easier to just give up.,这就是我们通常认为更容易放弃的地方。,(2021高考四川卷)Grandma pointed to the hospital and said，“Thats where I was born.,奶奶指着那家医院说，“那就是我出生的地方。,(2021高考江苏卷)What a mess!You are always so lazy!,真是一团糟！你总是这么懒惰！,Im not to blame，mum.I am what you have made me.,妈妈，我不应该受到责备。我这个样子都是你一手造就的。,易错警示,if不能引导表语从句；that引导表语从句时不能省略。,2as if/as though意为“好似，仿佛，引导的表语从句常跟在系动词(如seem，appear，look，taste，sound，feel，smell等)之后。假设表语从句所述的是非真实的情况，从句用虚拟语气；假设所述的是事实的或是极可能发生的情况，从句用陈述语气。,It seemed as though it had happened yesterday.那件事好似昨天发生的一样。,It looks as if it is going to rain.看起来天要下雨了。,3This/That/It is why表语从句(表结果)“这/那就是的原因,This/Tha
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