小升初专项复习二 名词

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2014/9/30,#,小升初专项复习二,名词,名 词,指人或事物的名称的词,名词,专有名词：,特定的人，地点等,例：,New,York,Yao Ming,普通名词,可数名词,不可数名词,能够以数计算的事物的名词,不能以数计算的事物的名词,单数名词,复数名词,？,例：液体，气体等。,milk,water,air,例：,pen,student,flowers,普通名词：,指一般的人，事物等,.,例：,apple,pen,doctor,可数名词的单数变复数,(,规则变化）,直接在名词后加,s,例：,cake-cakes,leg-legs,2.,以,s,x,sh,ch,结尾的名词后加,es,例：,dress-dresses,dish-dishes,watch-watches,box-boxes,3,以,辅音字母,y,结尾的名词，把,y,改为,i,再加,e,s,：,例：,city-cities,family-families,可数名词的单数变复数（规则变化）,4.,以,o,结尾的名词,有生命的加,e,s,，无生命的加,s,例：,tomato-tomatoes,potato-potatoes,radio-radios,zoo-zoos,photo-photos,5.,以,f,或,fe,结尾的名词，,变,f,或,fe,为,v,再加,e,s,例：,leaf-leaves,knife-knives,wife-wives,巧记以,f,或,fe,结尾的名称,树叶半数自己黄,妻子拿刀去割粮,架后窜出一只狼,就像盗贼逃命亡,leaf half self,wife knife,shelf wolf,thief life,可数名词的单数变复数（不规则变化）,1.,单复数同形的名词：,中国人，日本人都非常喜欢绵羊，鱼和鹿,Chinese Japanese,sheep fish deer,可数名词的单数变复数（不规则变化）,2.,单复数不同形的名词：,footfeet toothteeth goosegeese manmen womanwomen mouse-mice,childchildren oxoxen,3.,只有复数形式的名词,如：,trousers,clothes,glasses,4.,一些集体名词总是用作复数,如：,people,police(,警察部门,),cattle(,牛,),staff(,全体职员,),5.,部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成员）,如：,audience(,观众,),class(,班级,),family(,家庭,),复合名词的复数形式,在词末加,-,（,e,）,s,如：,afternoons,housewives,2.,把主体名词变成复数形式,如：,lookers-on(,旁观者,),passers-by(,过路人,),3.,由,man,或,woman,作为第一部分的复合名词，两个组成 部分皆变为复数形式,如：,man driver-men drivers,woman doctor-women doctors,woman teacher-women teachers,名词单数变复数的发音规则,情况,构成方法,读音规则,例词,一般情况,词尾加,-s,(1),清辅音后读,/s/,maps,books,boats,(2),在浊辅音和元音后读,/z/,verbs,birds,bags,kings,hills,names,pens,cars,trees,以,-s,-x,，,-sh,-ch,结尾的名词,词尾加,-es,读,/iz/,buses,watches,wishes,boxes,以,-o,结尾的名词,词尾加,-s,或,-es,读,/z/,radios,heroes,potatoes,以辅音字母,+y,结尾的名词,变,y,为,i,加,-es,读,/iz/,cities,babies,以,f,或,fe,结尾的名词,变,f,或,fe,为,v,，再加,es,读,/vz/,knives,leaves,写出下列各词的复数形式：,1.tomato 2.city 3.boy 4.radio 5.leaf,6.fly 7.photo 8.mouse 9.,box 10.wife,11.Sunday 12.class 13.Chinese 14.zoo 15.exam,16.German 17.sheep 18.fish 19.beach 20.wish 21.glass 22.student 23.deer 24.baby 25.,potato,1.tomatoes 2.cities 3.boys 4.radios 5.leaves,6.flies 7.photos 8.mice 9.boxes 10.wives,11.Sundays 12.classes 13.Chinese 14.zoos 15.exams,16.Germans 17.sheep 18.fish 19.beaches 20.wishes,21.glasses 22.students 23.deer 24.babies 25.potatoes,用所给名词的适当形式填空：,1.,How many_（sheep）are there on the hill?,2.There is some_（food）in the basket.,3.The baby has only two_（tooth）now.,4.There is a lot of_（water）in the bottle.,5.There are five_（people）in his family.,6.Lets take_（photo），OK?,7.I have lots of_（tomato）here.,8.The_（leaf）on the tree turn yellow.,9.The_（child）are playing games on the playground now.,10.Their_（dictionary）look new.,11.They are_（woman）doctors.,12.Can you give me some bottles of _（orange），please?,13.There are many_（fox）in the picture.,14.I would like some apple_(juice).I am very thirsty.,sheep,food,teeth,water,people,photos,tomatoes,leaves,children,dictionaries,women,orange,foxes,juice,名词中表示所有关系的形式,名词所有格,所有格的构成方式,1.,由名词加,s,构成，通常用来表示有生命的东西,2.,由,of,加名词构成，通常用来表示没有生命的东西,s,所有格,名词的单数所有格是直接在名词后面加,s,，读法和名词复数发音规则一样。,如：,Marys letter,the girls story,Miss Lius students,2.,复数名词所有格的变化形式,（,1,）如果是以,-s,结尾，它的所有格是在名词后加“”。,如：,the twins bedroom the students books,（,2,）如果名词的复数形式不是以,-s,结尾，它的所有格是直接加,s,。,如：,a childrens book(,儿童读物,),the mens shoes,3.,如果,两个人共同拥有,一样物品时，只在后面一个名词后加,s,。,如：,Lucy and Lilys book,如果一样的物品,不是两个人共同拥有,而是各自都有时，它的所有格是在两个名词后都加上,s,。,如：,Lucys and Lilys books,s,所有格,由,of+,名词构成的所有格,由,of+,名词构成的所有格通常用来表示,无生命,的东西的所有关系。,如：,the four legs of a desk,桌子的四条腿,a map of China,一张中国地图,the capital of America,美国首都,the windows of the house,房间的窗户,有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的东西的名词，也可以加,s,来构成所有格。,Beijings street,北京的街道,todays newspaper,今天的报纸,ten minutes walk,十分钟的路程,注意,名词所有格练习,一 把下列短语译为英语,1.,教室的窗户,2.,男孩的书包,3.,桌子的四条腿,4.,学校的大门,5.,老师们的办公室,6.,男人们的衣服,7.Linda,的课本,8.Peter,和,Bill,的爸爸,9.,奶奶的眼镜,1.the windows of the classroom,2.the boys bag,3.four legs of the table,4.the gate of the school,5.teachers office,6.mens clothes,7.Lindas book,8.Peter and Bills dad,9.grandmas glasses,二 把下列短语译为汉语,Lucys and Lilys mothers,teachers of our school,Marksroom,ChildrensDay,thewindowofthebedroom,TomandJimsroom,tendays holiday,the door of the classroom,Teachers Day,Lucy,和,Lily,各自的妈妈,我们学校的老师们,Mark,的房间,儿童节,卧室的窗户,Tom,和,Jim,共有的房间,十天的假期,教室的门,教师节,Exercises 1,用所给名词的适当形式填空,:,1.Are there any_(peach)on the table?,2.They are some young_(woman).,3.The_(children)is playing in the garden.,4.Some_(goose)are swimming in the river.,5.Would you like some_,(fish)?,6.How many_(radio)can you see on the bookcase?,7.Are there any_(boy)in the library?,8.One policeman caught three_(thief)yesterday.,peaches,women,child,geese,fish,radios,boys,thieves,Exercises 2,请用,is/are,填空,1.There_some water in the bottle.,2.There_an orange on the table.,3.There_many fish in the pool.,4.There_some leaves on the ground.,is,is,are,are,Exercises 3,请用,How much/How many,填空,1_ juice do you want?,2_ bottles of juice do you want?,3_ people are there in your family?,4_ pencils do you have?,5_ meat is there in the fridge?,How much,How many,How many,How many,How much,根据汉语提示完成 句子。,1._(,李明的父母,),workinabighospital.,2.Thisis