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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Grammar,过去分词 v-ed,不定式 to+v,动词的v-ing,非谓语动词,to+v.,v-ing,v-ed,区 别,将要发生的,同时发生,被动,1.Reading,aloud,is very helpful.,2.We have to prevent the air from,being,polluted,.,3.The film is,exciting,.,4.The man,speaking,to,the,teacher,is our monitors father.,5,.,They,kept me waiting,at the gate.,主语,宾语,表语,后置定语,宾语补足语,找出下面 ing形式在句子中所充当的成分。,6.Having done his homework,he played basket-ball.,7.Being a League member,he is always helping others.,8.Playing all day,you will waste your valuable time.,9.He dropped the glass,breaking it into pieces,.,10.The students came into the lab,following their teacher.,完成后时间状语,作为原因状语,如果条件状语,结果状语,伴随状语,小结-ing 形式的用法,1)可以有,名词,作用,在句中做主语、宾语、表语；,2)可以有,形容词,作用，在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语；,3)可以有,副词,作用，在句中作状语。,ing 做状语,可表示,时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随,1.分词(短语)作状语时,其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果不一致，必须用独立主格构造来表示，也就是在分词前面加上它的逻辑主语。,使用-ing形式需注意的几个问题。,Walking,in the street,I,happened to meet my old friend.,The train having gone,we had to wait another day.the train逻辑主语+having gone 即为独立主格构造,_(tell)him answers several times,I was not sure whether he could understand the problem.,告诉他答案好几次,_(tell)answers several times,he still couldnt solve the problem.,被告诉过答案之后几次,3)_(see)a rainbow before as a child,he was very excited.,以前从没看到过彩虹,Having told,Having been told,Not/Never having seen,独立主格构造,名/代+doing/to do/done/名/形/副/介短,There _(be)no taxis,we had to walk.,It _(be)Christmas,the government offices were closed.,Her work _(do),she sat down for a cup of tea.,being,being,done,2.分词短语做状语时，前面可以加上,连词或介词，但是分词短语和句子之间,不能用并列连词(如but，and)，因为并列,连词接的是两个并列成分，而分词短语,只是全句的一个状语局部，分词和主句,之间可用逗号。,例如:误:,Having,been told many times,but,he,still couldnt understand it.正:He was told many times,but he still,couldnt understand it.或,Having been told many times,he still,couldnt understand it.,3.-ing的一般式和完成式现在分词都可以表示先后接连发生的动作。,在可能引起误解的场合应该用完成式现在分词表示先发生的动作。,Having brushed his teeth,Mr.Brown came downstairs for breakfast.,布朗先生刷过牙,就下楼来吃早饭。,(,此句如写成,:Brushing his teeth,Mr.,Brown came downstairs for breakfast.,可能指“边刷牙,边下楼。,),4.分词的否认形式是在分词短语前面加上 not,never等否认词构成。,Not,knowing how to find the subway,I asked a policeman for help.,作定语,作宾语,作补语,作状语,作主语,-ing和-ed形容词,单个-ed/-ed,前置,-ing+名词：表示用途,a swimming pool=a pool for swimming,a reading room=a room for reading,The girl,who is sitting in the corner,is adorable.,We visited a temple,which was built 200 years ago.,后置定语相当于省略的定语从句,The vegetables,which are sold in this shop,are grown without chemicals,.,27,The houses,which are being built,are for the survivors in the quake.,The girl,who has passed the exam,is my girlfriend.,错(完成式不能作定语),having,-ing/-ed形容词：,ing:主动；,-ed:被动；,a moving film,the moved audience,an exciting news,a broken heart,an interesting story,a satisfied smile,-ing形容词多修饰物,-ed形容词多修饰人或与人有关的物,Everyonewas_bythe_,story.(move),Hewas_withthe_,person.(annoy),moved,moving,annoyed,annoying,Did you enjoy yourself at the party,Yes.Ive never been to _ one before.,(06四川),A.a more excited,B.the most excited,C.a more exciting,D.the most exciting,C,Poor boy!His _ looks and_,hands suggested he was very afraid.,A.frightening;trembling,B.frightened;trembled,C.frightening;trembled,D.frightened;trembling,D,The problems _ at the meeting,tomorrow are really hard to solve.,A.discussed B.to discuss,C.to be discussedD.discussing,C,The flowers _ sweet in the garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.(2004上海),A.to smell B.smelling,C.smelt D.to be smelt,B,Mr.Green stood up in defense of the,16-year-old boy,saying that he was not the one _.(2006安徽),A.blamed B.blaming,C.to blame D.to be blamed,分词作状语时，,如果主语和分词动作构成的是“主谓关系，我们用ing分词；,如果主语和分词动作构成的是动宾关系，我们就用-ed分词。,如何区分使用,ing,分词和,-ed,分词,1._by some officials,Napoleon inspected his army.,2._ others,John came into the hall,too.,A.Followed B.Following,C.Being following D.Having been followed,3.The trainer arrived and _ by six little dogs.,followed B.was following,C.following D.was followed,A,B,D,4._ more attention,the trees could have grown better.,5._ all his time to teaching,Mr.Li almost forgets his wife and son.,Give B.To give,C.Giving D.Given,D,C,6.There were 12 persons in the bus,_ a baby.,7.There were 12 persons in the bus,a baby_.,A.to include B.including,C.included D.being included,B,C,8,.The man _ Zhaosan used to live here.,9.The man _ himself Zhaosan used to lived here.,called B.calling,C.to call D.call,A,B,10._ from the hill,the park seems more beautiful.,11._ from the hill,youll find the park more beautiful.,12._ from the hill,and youll find the park more beautiful.,13._ from the sky in a plane and the city is very beautiful.,A.See B.Seen C.Seeing D.To see,B,C,A,A,14.He often see them _ football on the playground.,15.The missing boys were last seen _ near the river.,playing B.played,C.play D.to play,C,A,16.The secretary worked late into the night,_ a long speech for the president.,17.The secretary worked late into the night and _ a long speech for the president.,to prepare B.preparing,C.prepared D.prepare,B,C,18.Cant you read Mary said _ to the notice.,19.Cant you read Mary s
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