谓语的翻译

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,谓语的翻译,今年的亚太经济贸易合作组织会议将主要,侧重,两个方面：一是,加强,亚太经合组织成员之间的合作，共同,应对,可能出现的经济衰退，,重树,信心；二是继续,推进,亚太经合组织贸易投资自由化进程，,推动,世界贸易组织尽早,开始,新一轮谈判。,The APEC meeting in this year will,focus,mainly,on,two aspects:one is on,strengthening,the cooperation among all APEC members to,cope,with,the possible economic recession with,rebuilt-up,confidence;the other is on,promoting,the liberalization of trade and investment among all APEC members for the,start,of a new round of negotiations,by,WTO.,我住在上海。,I come from Shanghai.,She comes from Shanghai.,汉英谓语对比,1),英语的谓语有人称和数的变化，单复数或人称依据主语来确定，,受语法规范约束，需与主语保持一致关系,。,汉语的谓语无人称和数的变化。,2,）英语的谓语动词有时态、语态、语气的变化，汉语谓语动词本身不能显示时间，需要添加不同时间概念词或以动词排列顺序来表示,鲁迅，浙江绍兴人。,北京的前天真美！,我爸爸不在家。,Lu,Xun,was from,Shaoxing,Zhejiang Province.,Autumn is a very beautiful season in Beijing.,My father was not at home.,3),汉语中，名词、形容词、数词和介词都可以直接作谓语；而在英语中，不能直接使用这些词作谓语。,4,）汉语谓语比较丰富，而,英语谓语比较单一，只能由动词或动词短语充当，系动词可看成一种特殊为谓语。,他们长在谈论的那位女教师,品格正直,。,武汉这个地方，,我认为比深圳好,。,汉语的谓语可以是一个主谓词组，而英语的句子不可以用。在翻译时，常需要变换句式。,The woman teacher they are talking about is upright.,I think Wuhan is better than Shenzhen.,6,）汉语,同一主语下,倾向于使用,并列谓语,，而英语中,一般不超过三个，多数句子只有一个谓语动词，其他动作概念以非谓语动词、介词短语、名词短语或从句的形式出现。,英语句子谓语的翻译原则,1.,主谓搭配原则,2.,动宾搭配原则,3.,区分主谓语、次谓语,4.,谓语最小化原则,1,。主谓搭配原则：,如果原文的主谓语不符合英语主谓搭配逻辑，则需要改变主语或谓语,农村改革中的好多东西，都是基层创造出来的。,Many of the good ideas in rural reform came from people at the grassroots.,从逻辑上分析，原文主语实际上是创造对象，创造的主体是,“,人,”,，因此译文变更了谓语动词，使主语和谓语构成符合逻辑的搭配，并增补,people,一词。,2,、我们将采用国际贸易中的国际惯例。,We will follow common international trade practices.,3.,此路不准车辆通行。,The road is closed to vehicular traffic.,3.,中国人民始终,希望,天下太平，,希望,各国人民友好相处。,The Chinese people are always,looking forward to,global peace and friendship among all nations.,The Chinese people are always,hoping,that the world is at peace and people of all nations will coexist friendlily.,4.,实事求是地说，解决中国人的吃饭问题，任务艰巨，困难不少，但潜力很大，前景广阔。,Truly speaking,China has had great difficulties in solving her problem with food provision.But it also has great potential and prospects for having her people well fed.,5.,应该特别强调的是，科技兴农在中国发展粮食生产方面存在着巨大的潜力。,The application of science and technology to agriculture points to huge potential in the development of agriculture in China.,6.,这次旅游可以选择的地方有北京、上海或西安。,The tour will include Beijing,Shanghai and Xian.,7.,世纪之交，中国外交空前活跃。,China,s diplomacy is most active at the turn of the century.(*),The turn of the century finds China most active on the diplomatic arena.,前种译法不符合英文主谓搭配。后种译法以,“,时间,”,为主语，以,“,find”,为谓语，是比较典型的,“,无灵主语句,”,。,2,。动宾连接原则：,动宾搭配是一种常见的搭配形式，汉译英时，如果原文的动宾搭配不符合英语逻辑，而原文的宾语又不宜变动，我们就需要重新选择谓语,热腾腾的晚餐已摆好在桌上。,Hot,meals were put on the dinner table,Hot meals were served on the dinner table.,2.,从这次讲座中，我们学到了许多美国历史方面的知识。,We obtained much knowledge of American history from the lecture.,3.,谁来养活中国的问题，实际情况怎样呢？看粮食，要看中国的农业；看农业，首先要看市场。,Then what are the facts about who is going to provide food for China?To know the food provision situation in China we have to take a full view of its agriculture,for which we should first look at the market.,Exercise,1.,像这一类的问题还有不少，如果处理不当，就很容易,动摇,我们的方针，影响改革的全局。,Therearemanyproblemslikethisone,andifwedonthandlethemproperly,ourpoliciescouldeasily,beundermined,andoverallreformaffected.,2.,退耕还林,具有,长远的生态效益、经济效益和社会效益。,Restoration of the reclaimed land to forest will,bring about,far-reaching ecological,economic and social benefits.,3。,区分主谓语、次谓语,汉语连动式谓语就是两个或两个以上谓语动词共用一个主语的结构，其特点是许多动词连用，组成几个句段或小句。,连动式谓语是一种复杂谓语，它的复杂性体现在这些动词的关系之中，既有并列关系，也有隐含的其他关系（包括条件、方式、承接、因果、假设、目的等）。,翻译时，要分析几个连动谓语之间的关系，分清主次关系和并列关系，将主要动词译成谓语，次要动词视不同情况，译成各种从属结构。,妻在屋里拍着闰儿，迷迷糊糊哼着眠歌。（,荷塘月色,）,“拍着闰儿”是主要动词，而”哼着眠歌”是次要成分，故可译成伴随状态的分词短语。,In the room,my wife was patting the son,Run-,er,sleepily humming a cradle song.,双方见面 寒暄几句，甚至海阔天空地聊一番就各自走开,（,1996,年英语专八试题）,四个动词连用。“双方见面”是表示时间关系的从属成分，在译文中译成时间状语，“寒暄几句”和“聊一番”则是并列关系，可译成两个并列谓语。,When two strangers are introduced to each other,they will greet each other briefly,or even chat casually for quite a few minutes,and then excuse themselves.,另外，汉语连动谓语通常按动作发生的先后顺序排列，但译成英语时，则可依照英语习惯进行调整。,愚公批驳了智叟的错误思想，毫不动摇每天挖山不止。（,愚公移山,）,原文中的两个动词之间是时间先后关系，译文可通过完成现在分词短语来表示这种关系。,Having criticized the wrong views of the Wise Old Man,they kept digging every day with unshakable determination.,Class Work,试译下列连动句：,1,、你最好打个电话跟他约个时间见面谈谈。,2,、一到星期天，他就蒙头大睡打发光阴。,3,、我们听到这个喜讯，都高兴地跳了起来。,4,、看门人惊呆了，喘着粗气摇摇晃晃地走下楼梯。,5,、他已经请了假，坐火车回老家探亲去了。,1,、你最好打个电话跟他约个时间见面谈谈。,Youd better fix an appointment with him over the phone to meet for a talk.,2,、一到星期天，他就蒙头大睡打发光阴。,On Sundays he always whiles away his time by tucking himself up in bed,sleeping like a log.,3,、我们听到这个喜讯，都高兴地跳了起来。,Hearing the good news,we all jumped with joy.,4,、看门人惊呆了，喘着粗气摇摇晃晃地走下楼梯。,The janitor staggered down the stairway,stunned and gasping.,5,、他已经请了假，坐火车回老家探亲去了,He asked for leave to go home by train to see his family.,4.,谓语最小化原则,如何化解谓语：,、动词变为名词,、多使用介词短语,:with;through,、多使用分词短语,、多使用,to do,sth,.,目的状语,、最后一个谓语：使用“,which,引导的非限定性定语从句”,1.,今天的中国，经济发展，政治稳定，民族团结。今天的北京，城市面貌日新月异，环境保护长足进步，体育设施日臻完善，为北京成功举办,2008,年奥运会打下了坚实的基础。,Today,China is enjoying unprecedented economic