具体译法和抽象译法

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,具体译法,定义：所谓具体译法，就是在翻译过程中把原文中抽象或者是比较抽象的单词，词组，成语或者句子用具体或者比较具体的单词，词组，成语或者句子来进行翻译，从而消除或降低语言差别给翻译带来的损失，使译文产生与原文同样的效果。（展开）,transportation,交通交通工具,translation,翻译翻译作品,family,家庭家庭成员,class,班级全班学生,very timid,非常胆小胆小如鼠,do evil things openly,毫不隐蔽的干坏事明火执仗,be full of anxiety and worry,十分挂念牵肠挂肚,a great and thorough-going change,翻天覆地的变化,very anxious to return home,归心似箭,have not cut off relationship completely,藕断丝连,great in momentum and irresistible,排山倒海之势,accelerate the speed,；,speed up,快马加鞭,大吵大闹,raise the roof,公开认错,stand in a white sheet,有花不完的钱,have enough money to burn,话中有话,with the tongue in the cheek,获得全胜,sweep the board,机敏,keep ones eyes on the ball,坚决反对,set ones face against,简言之,in a nutshell,截然不同,oil and vinegar,家丑,a skeleton in the cupboard,鲁莽的人,a bull in a china shop,捏造,pull something out of ones hat,非常罕见,once in a blue moon,干苦差事,hold,（,carry,）,the baby,反应快,think on ones feet,quick on the trigger,保密,keep something under ones hat,We should by no means neglect the evaporation of water.,我们绝不能忽视水的蒸发,作用,。,All the people were exasperated by his fault-finding.,大家都被他这种吹毛求疵的,做法,激怒了。,His arrogance sent him into isolation and helplessness.,他的傲慢,态度,使他孤立无援。,Many changes take place during the transformation.,在转化,过程,中出现了许多变化。,The black people were fighting against the segregation of the government.,黑人正在同政府的隔离,政策,作斗争。,The crime sent him into notoriety.,这一罪行使他陷入声名狼藉的,境地,。,Johns lightheartedness, however, did not last long.,然而，约翰的这种轻松愉快的,心境,没有持续多久。,Your frustration will do no good to your health.,你的沮丧,情绪,于你的身体不利。,The government is doing its best to ease the tension in that area.,政府正在竭尽全力来缓和那个地区的紧张,局势。,他每天要处理许多棘手的问题。,He has many hot potatoes to handle everyday.,我不敢肯定我能赢得这个荣誉，这还是未到手的东西。,I am not sure whether I can win the honor; Its a bird in the bush.,你不要过早乐观，真正的困难还在后头呢。,Dont count your chickens before they are hatched. The real difficulties still lay ahead.,我们决不能姑息坏人。,We should never warm snakes in our bosoms.,我不想依靠父母过日子。,I dont want to hang on my parents sleeves.,你应该把好坏分清楚。,You should separate the sheep from the goats.,同反复无常的人没法相处。,Its hard to get along with a man blowing hot and cold.,他这个人只管自己的事。,He is a man who hoes his own potatoes.,你真是说话不看对象。,You are really casting pearls before swine.,这个男孩真粗心，他的书都已经折角了。,This boy is too careless; all his books are dog-eared.,具体翻译主要包括三种类型：,1,，语义上具体化。,eg,：运输,运输工具。班级,全班学生,2.,抽象名词在语言形式上的具体化手法，主要是在抽象名词后面加上范畴词。,eg,：蒸发,作用,，傲慢,态度,，转换,过程,3.,抽象名词在比喻形象上的具体化手法。,eg,：非常胆小胆小如鼠,姑息坏人,warm snakes in our bosoms,分清好坏,separate sheep from goats,抽象译法,为了译文的忠实与通顺，我们往往有必要把原文中带有具体意义或具体形象的单词、词组、成语或句子进行抽象化处理。这种翻译方法称为抽象译法。（概括）,make fish of one and flesh of another,厚此薄彼,lick,sbs,boots,巴结,eat ones heart out,极度悲痛,be in sbs pocket,被某人操纵,wear ones heart on ones sleeve,表露感情,put ones cards on the table,表明观点,break the ice,打破僵局,jump out of ones skin,大吃一惊,walk on air,得意洋洋,谦虚,态度,modesty,发展,过程,development,无知的,表现,innocence,同情,心理,sympathy,开门见山,come straight to the point,狗急跳墙,do something desperate,顺手牵羊,walk off with something,唇枪舌剑,engage in a battle of argument,黔驴技穷,at ones wits end,I,was practically on my knees,but he still refused.,我几乎是苦苦哀求，但他依然拒绝。,He is,a rolling stone,I dont think he can go far.,他是个见异思迁的人，我想他不会有多大出息。,Ill,break my neck,to get this done by Friday, but I cant promise for sure.,我一定会尽最大努力在星期五以前完成此事，但是我不能打包票。,By this means she,cast in a bone,between this two friends.,她用这种方法来离间这两个朋友。,The matter was finally settled,under the table.,事情终于私下解决了。,He earns hardly enough to,keep body and soul together.,他挣得钱几乎难以维持生活。,I have,no head,for music.,我没有音乐方面的天赋。,Please dont,wake a sleeping dog.,请不要惹是生非。,You can always,fall back upon,him when you are in difficulties.,遇到困难时，你总可以像他求助。,这是他们自己的事情，你去,插一脚,干嘛？,Thats a business of their own , why would you get involved in ?,别人家里,鸡毛蒜皮,的事情你都知道得这么全，真是个,顺风耳,啊！,You know all the bits and pieces of trifles of other families. You are really well informed.,这消息让我出了,一身冷汗,。,was extremely terrified by that news.,他万万没想到在他前进的道路上竟会出现这么多,拦路虎,。,He had never expected so many obstacles would stand in his way.,她,毛遂自荐,来这所小学做老师。,She volunteered for the teaching post in this primary school.,我不敢,班门弄斧,，诚望您发表高见。,I dare not show off in the presence of an expert. I hope you would be kind enough to enlighten us on this matter.,这些问题,盘根错节,，,三言两语,说不清楚。,These problems are too complicated to be explained clearly in a few words.,今天下午的球赛,棋逢对手,，一定很精彩。,This afternoons ball game is sure to be an exciting one, for the two sides are well-matched.,他们为敌人效尽犬马之劳。,They worked faithfully in the service of the enemies.,我们一直往前走吧！不要,三心二意,。,Lets go straight ahead. Dont be wavering.,真正的好朋友应该是雪中送炭。,A real good friend should be one offering timely help.,他这几天心里七上八下，老是安静不下来。,His mind was in a turmoil these days and he was quite unable to think straight.,同具体译法相反，抽象译法一方面把比喻形象上较为具体的单词词组或成语进行抽象概括，如：,开门见山,come straight to the point,狗急跳墙,do something desperate,另一方面，抽象译法也包括带有范畴词的具体化名词在语言形式上的抽象化译法，主要是在翻译过程中去掉后面的范畴词，如：,谦虚,态度,modesty,发展,过程,development,无知的,表现,innocence,