科技英语翻译第9章详解

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Chapter Nine Translation from Sentence to Discourse,第1节 句子成分的译法,英语的句子成分主要由主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。,由于英汉两种语言表达方式的差异，我们在翻译句子的过程中，既不能按原文句子的语法成分来译，更不能逐词死译、硬译。尤其是科技英语的翻译，译者既要准确地表达原句的内容，使译文符合技术标准，又要使译文通顺易懂，符合汉语的表达习惯。这就需要译者在认真分析和理解原文的根底上，在翻译实践中，根据汉语的表达习惯对原句子成分进展适当的调整和转换。,Chapter Nine Translation from Sentence to Discourse,第1节 句子成分的译法,1.主语的译法,Care must be exercised to prevent thermal strains from introducing spurious output.,必须注意防止热应变引起乱真输出。译为谓语,Work must be done in setting a body in motion.,使一个物体运动时，必须做功。译为宾语,It should be emphasized that the laser is in no sense an energy source.,应当强调指出，激光器并不是一个能源。译为无主句,Chapter Nine Translation from Sentence to Discourse,第1节 句子成分的译法,2.谓语的译法,Using a persons voice as an identifier is based on the fact that the geometry of the vocal tract differ greatly from person to person.,利用人的语音来验明身份的依据是每个人声道的几何形状大不一样。译为主语,More metal is removed when the feed is increased.,进给量增加时，切除的金属更多。转译为定语,The magnitude of the force is found to be inversely proportional to the distance between the conductors.,力的大小和导体间距离成反比。(省译),Chapter Nine Translation from Sentence to Discourse,第1节 句子成分的译法,3.表语的译法,Those nearer the sun are more rocky,those farther away more icy.,离太阳越近，岩石块越多；离太阳越远，那么冰块越多。译为主语,Aerodynamics is my field of research.,我的研究领域是空气动力学。主表倒译,When the switch is on,the circuit is closed and electricity goes through.,将开关合上，电路就闭合，而电就接通了。介词作表语转译为谓语,Chapter Nine Translation from Sentence to Discourse,第1节 句子成分的译法,4.宾语的译法,Instructions and microinstructions do not have the same format.,指令和微指令的格式不同。译为主语,Each organism owes its existence to genes it contains.,每个生物有机体因其含有基因而存在。译为谓语,Chapter Nine Translation from Sentence to Discourse,第1节 句子成分的译法,5.定语的译法,The low-frequency motions are considered to be meteorologically significant.,低频运动在气象学上是很重要的。顺译,The gas to be studied is admitted to the tube at a known temperature and at atmospheric pressure.,被研究的气体在温度和大气压力下充入管中。倒译,There are three states of matter:solid,liquid and gas.,物质有三态：固态、液态和气态。译为主语,Chapter Nine Translation from Sentence to Discourse,第1节 句子成分的译法,6.状语的译法,At this critical temperature,changes begin to take place in the molecular structure of the metal.,在这种临界温度时，金属的分子构造开场发生变化。译为主语,In larger amounts,ozone is unpleasant with s strong odor that irritates are eyes and lungs.,大量的臭氧都带有一种不舒服的强烈的气味，对眼睛及肺部有刺激作用。译为定语,Chapter Nine Translation from Sentence to Discourse,第2节 否认句的译法,英汉两种语言在表示否认概念的词汇、语法、句型等诸多方面都存在着许多差异。英语中表示否认的形式可以说是多种多样的，否认句型有全部否认、局部否认、意义否认、双重否认和几乎否认。所以，在翻译否认句。特别是科技英语的否认句时，译者应格外小心。,Chapter Nine Translation from Sentence to Discourse,第2节 否认句的译法,1.全部否认句的译法,全部否认句否认整个句子的意思。英语全部否认通常是通过否词汇not,no,none,never,neither,nothing,nobody等词来实现的。这些否认词不管在句子中作什么成分，其所在的句子大都要译为全部否认。,Nobody knows what proportion of aircraft accidents occur during the pilots natural night time.,还没有人知道有多大比例的飞机失事发生在飞行员的自然夜间。,Chapter Nine Translation from Sentence to Discourse,第2节 否认句的译法,2.局部否认句的译法,局部否认是指非全部否认，即句子意思的局部否认，局部肯定。这种句子的特征是由all,always,some,both,every,many,much,well,often等与否认词not搭配使用。汉译时，一般常译为“并非所有、“并非每个、“未必都、“不全是、“不都是、“不总是、“不是都“并未都、“不多、“不常等。如：,Not everybody is convinced the Leaning Tower of Pisa really can be saved.,并非每一个人都相信比萨斜塔真的能够免于坍塌。,Chapter Nine Translation from Sentence to Discourse,第2节 否认句的译法,3.意义否认句的译法,英语里有些句子从形式上看是肯定句，但实际上是否认句，因为句子中含有带否认意义的词或词组。这类句型在英语中非常普遍，翻译时，要注意以适当的方式表达其含义。如：,One wonders also why Nature with some snakes concocted poison of much extreme potency.,人们也不明白，为什么大自然在某些蛇身上配置如此剧烈的毒液。动词wonder具有否认含义,Chapter Nine Translation from Sentence to Discourse,第2节 否认句的译法,3.意义否认句的译法,英语里有些句子从形式上看是肯定句，但实际上是否认句，因为句子中含有带否认意义的词或词组。这类句型在英语中非常普遍，翻译时，要注意以适当的方式表达其含义。如：,One wonders also why Nature with some snakes concocted poison of much extreme potency.,人们也不明白，为什么大自然在某些蛇身上配置如此剧烈的毒液。动词wonder具有否认含义,In such cases an antifriction bearing might be a poor answer.,这时如果用减摩轴承，可不是一种好的解决方法。形容词poor具有否认含义,Chapter Nine Translation from Sentence to Discourse,第2节 否认句的译法,4.双重否认句的译法,所谓双重否认就是否认之否认，实际上等于肯定，其语气较肯定句更为强烈。通常是由not,no,never,neither,nobody,nothing等否认词和其它含有否认意义的词获此组搭配使用而成的。,(1).直译为双重否认句,Without the laws of motion as a basis,thousands of discoveries and inventions would have been out of the question.,没有运动定律作为根底，就不可能有成千上万的发现和创造。,(2).译为肯定句,The importance of proper lubrication cannot be overemphasized.,应当特别强调适当进展润滑的重要性。,Chapter Nine Translation from Sentence to Discourse,第2节 否认句的译法,5.几乎否认句的译法,在英语中，几乎否认虽然没有完全否认，但肯定的含义很少，通常这些句子中都含有barely，hardly,rarely,scarcely,few,little,seldom,almost no等表示几乎否认的词。汉译时，可以为“极少、“几乎没不、“很少等。,Little information is given as to the origin of life.,关于生命起源方面的资料极少。,Curiously,Uranus has almost no such excess heat.,奇怪的是天王星几乎没有这种多余的热量。,Chapter Nine Translation from Sentence to Discourse,第2节 否认句的译法,6.否认的转移,英汉两种语言在表达否认方面有一定的差异，有些句子在英语中否认的是主语，而汉译时那么否认谓语；还有一些句子在英语中否认的是谓语，而译成汉语时却否认了状语。,The motor did not stop because the electricity was off.,电机停顿运转，并非因为电源切断了。主句的否认转为从句的否认,在英语以动词think,suppose,believe,seem.Expect,feel,anticipate等作谓语且后接不定式短语的否认句中，汉译时，经常会出席否认转移的现象，即在原文中否认谓语动词，而译文中那么改为否认不定式短语。如：,Liquids,except for liquid metal such as mercury,are not considered to b