新世纪大学英语综合教程4unit4

新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程,4,Unit 4,Get Started,3,Watching and Discussion,Discussion,Quotes,新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程,4,Unit 4,Get Started,8,Discussion,Quotes,Watching and Discussion,新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程,4,Unit 4,Get Started,11,Watching and Discussion,Discussion,Quotes,Unit 4,Listen and Respond,12,Word Bank,Task One,Task Two,新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程,4,Unit 4,Listen and Respond,18,Task One,Word Bank,新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程,4,Task Two,Unit 4,Listen and Respond,21,Task Two,Word Bank,Task One,新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程,4,Unit 4,Read and Explore, Text A,Discovering the Main Ideas,In-Depth Study,Voicing Your Views,24,新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程,4,Unit 4,Read and Explore, Text A,Discovering the Main Ideas,In-Depth Study,30,新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程,4,Voicing Your Views,Unit 4,Read and Explore, Text A,Voicing Your Views,31,新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程,4,In-Depth Study,Discovering the Main Ideas,Unit 4,Read and Explore, Text B,Key Words and Expressions,Difficult Sentences,Comprehension Questions,33,新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程,4,Unit 4,Read and Explore, Text B,Key Words and Expressions,Difficult Sentences,38,新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程,4,Comprehension Questions,Unit 4,Read and Explore, Text B,Comprehension Questions,46,新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程,4,Difficult Sentences,Key Words and Expressions,Unit 4,Optional Classroom Activities,47,新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程,4,Unit 4,Enhance Your Language Awareness,Useful Expressions,Theme-Related Writing,52,新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程,4,Grammar in Context,Unit 4,Enhance Your Language Awareness,Useful Expressions,Grammar in Context,56,新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程,4,Theme-Related Writing,Unit 4,Enhance Your Language Awareness,Grammar in Context,Theme-Related Writing,59,新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程,4,Useful Expressions,159,新世纪大学英语系列教材（第二版）综合教程,4,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,Read and Explore,Unit 4 Work and Career,Get Started,Listen and,Respond,Optional Classroom Activities,Enhance Your,Language,Awareness,1. What do you think work can provide?,2. What factors do you think one should take into account when choosing a career?,3. What kind of job do you think will be suitable for you?,Work in pairs or groups and discuss the following questions.,Get started-Discussion,Study the following quotes about work and career and discuss in pairs what you can learn from them.,Get started-Quotes,Work is something you can count on, a trusted, lifelong friend who never deserts you., Margaret Bourke-White,Interpretation:,By this quote Bourke-White expresses her passion for her career. She compares her work to her lifelong trustworthy friend, which shows that she enjoys working and is fully dedicated to it.,Get started-Quotes,Click Picture,Youve achieved success in your field when you dont know whether what youre doing is work or play., Warren Beatty,Interpretation:,If you want to be successful in your career, you must love what you are doing passionately, devote yourself to it whole-heartedly, and treat it as if it were the only source of enjoyment and amusement in life. Thenand only then can you feel a sense of fulfillment.,Get started-Quotes,Click Picture,Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration., Thomas Edison,Interpretation:,Most of the worlds geniuses worked very hard and failed thousands of times before they finally became successful in their inventions. By this quote, Edison advocates the virtue of hard work.,Get started-Quotes,Click Picture,Far and away the best prize that life has to offer is the chance to work hard at work worth doing., Theodore Roosevelt,Interpretation:,By this quote, Roosevelt means that the best reward one can get in life is the chance to work at something worthwhile. One should feel blessed to have the chance to work and should treasure it as ones best possession.,Get started-Quotes,Click Picture,Watch the following video clip “How to Choose the Right Career” and do the tasks that follow:,video,click here,video,Please decide whether each of the following statements is true (T) or false (F) based on the information in the video clip.,( ) To choose the right career, you should firstly figure out your passions and interests.,( ) You can increase your knowledge and develop new skills in order to have more career choices.,( ) Making a list of your personal preferences and needs is helpful in choosing the right career.,( ) You should take some qualification tests to get ready for your chosen career.,( ) Before choosing a career, you should research the job market to see if you have the required skills.,( ) The video is to persuade people to believe in themselves and aim high.,Video-1,T,T,F,F,F,T,Video-2,2. Do you think the speakers suggestions helpful? Do you have more suggestions?,(,Open.,),superior,n.,a person of higher rank, especially in a job,上级，上司,besides,ad.,in addition; also,而且；还有,Listen and Respond Word Bank,Choose the best answer to each of the following questions according to the information contained in the listening passage.,L&R 1,What is the main idea of the passage?,_,L&R 1,A) One should control his or her feelings.,B) It is important to express ones thoughts and feelings.,C) Attitude is the key to job success.,D) Different attitudes bring about different results.,A) Attitude is the way people think about their work.,B) Attitude is the way people think about things and act toward others.,C) Attitude is the way by which people gain their job satisfaction.,D) Attitude is the way by which people enjoy their business performance.,How does the speaker define attitude?,_,L&R 1,What do employers think is the most important factor in job success?,_,L&R 1,A) A friendly cooperation.,B) A good opportunity.,C) A positive attitude.,D) A good decision.,Which of the following is not mentioned as a positive attitude in ones job?,_,L&R 1,A) Being polite, cooperative and considerate with ones co-workers.,B) Showing interest and enthusiasm in doing ones job.,C) Viewing a new job as an opportunity to learn new things.,D) Being open to suggestions and constructive criticism.,What do people do if they hold a negative attitude in their job?,_,L&R 1,A) They tend to lay their own problems on others.,B) They tend to criticize their superiors.,C) They tend to be indifferent to their superiors.,D) They tend to address the needs of others.,L&R 2,Listen to the recording again and fill in each of the blanks according to what you have heard.,If you view a new job as an opportunity, a chance to learn new things, and act with interest and,_, you are expressing a positive attitude. You also,_,a positive attitude when you are polite,_,and considerate with your co-workers and,_,. People with a positive attitude view the world as a friendly place. They take,_,for their decisions and have the ability to control their feelings. People with a positive attitude are easy to get along with.,L&R 2,enthusiasm,demonstrate,cooperative,superiors,responsibility,_,_,_,_,_,They are honest in,_,their thoughts and feelings. And they are open to suggestions and,_,criticism.,As you begin your new job,_,against a negative attitude. People with a negative attitude frequently,_,and have careless work habits. They always blame others for their own problems. Besides, they are critical and,_,to the needs of others.,L&R 2,expressing,constructive,guard,complain,indifferent,_,_,_,_,_,1. How does the author define a laborer and a worker?,2. What is the difference between the attitudes of workers and laborers towards leisure according to the author?,3. What are the results technology and the division of labor have brought about according to the author?,4. Why do workers seldom commit acts of violence according to the author?,5. What is the authors attitude towards workers and laborers?,Main Idea-1,Exercise 1:,Answer the following questions with the information contained in Text A.,Main Idea-2,Exercise 2:,Text A can be divided into three parts with the paragraph number(s) of each part provided as follows. Write down the main idea of each part.,Main Idea-2,Part,Paras.,Main Idea,One,1-3,Two,4,Three,5,Main Idea-2,The author explains his understanding of work, labor, and play.,Whether one is a laborer or a worker has little to do with whether he or she is doing a physical or a mental job but with the attitude he or she takes towards the job he or she does.,In the authors eye, the majority of people,in a modern technological society,are laborers rather than workers.,The author stresses the two negative aspects of technology and the division of labor, that is, by eliminating the need for special skills, they turned enjoyable work into boring labor and by increasing productivity they give people excessive leisure time.,We go to work every day and we think we are workers. However, after reading Audens discussion about work, labor, and play, the majority of us may find that we are no longer “workers”. What are we then?,In-Depth,1 So far as I know, Miss Hannah Arendt was the first person to define the essential difference between work and labor. To be happy, a man must feel, firstly, free and, secondly, important. He cannot be really happy if he is compelled by society to do what he does not enjoy doing, or if what he enjoys doing is ignored by society as of no value or importance.,In-Depth,Work, Labor, and Play,Wystan H. Auden,In a society where slavery,has been, whether what a man does has social value depends on whether he is paid money to do it, but a laborer today can rightly be called a,slave.,A man is a laborer if the job society offers him is of no interest to himself but he is compelled to take it by the,necessity,of,earning a living,and supporting his family.,In-Depth,2 The opposite to labor is play. When we play a game, we enjoy what we are doing, otherwise we should not play it, but it is a purely private activity; society could not care less whether we play it or not.,necessity,earning a living,in the strict sense,abolished,wage,3 Between labor and play stands work. A man is a worker if he is personally interested in the job which society pays him to do; what from the point of view of society is necessary labor is from his own point of view,voluntary,play. Whether a job is to be,classified,as labor or work depends, not on the job itself, but on the tastes of the individual who undertakes it.,The difference does not, for example, coincide with the difference between a manual and a mental job; a gardener or a cobbler may be a worker, a bank clerk a laborer.,Which a man is can be seen from his attitude toward leisure. To a worker, leisure means simply the hours he needs to relax and rest in order to work efficiently. He is therefore more likely to take too little leisure than too much; workers die of heart attacks and forget their wives birthdays. To the laborer, on the other hand, leisure means freedom from compulsion, so that it is natural for him to imagine that the fewer hours he has to spend laboring, and the more hours he is free to play, the better.,In-Depth,voluntary,classified,5 Technology and the,division,of labor have done two things: by eliminating in many fields the need for special strength or skill, they have made a very large number of paid occupations which,formerly,were enjoyable work into boring labor, and by increasing productivity they have reduced the number of necessary laboring hours. It is already possible to imagine a society in which the majority of the population, that is to say, its laborers, will have almost as much leisure as in earlier times was enjoyed by the aristocracy.,When one recalls how aristocracies in the past actually behaved, the prospect is not cheerful.,Indeed, the problem of dealing with boredom may be,4 What percentage of the population in a modern technological society are, like myself, in the fortunate position of being workers?,At a guess,I would say sixteen per cent, and I do not think that figure is likely to get bigger in the future.,In-Depth,formerly,division,At a guess,even more difficult for such a future,mass,society than it was for aristocracies. The latter, for example, ritualized their time; there was a season to shoot grouse, a season to spend in town, etc. The masses are more likely to replace an unchanging ritual by,fashion,which changes as often as possible in the economic interest of certain people. Again, the masses cannot,go in for hunting, for very soon there,In-Depth,would be no animals left to hunt.,For other aristocratic amusements like , dueling, and warfare, it may be easy to find equivalents in dangerous driving, drug-taking, and acts of violence.,Workers seldom,commit,acts of violence, because they can put their aggression into their work, be it physical like the work of a smith, or mental like the work of a scientist or an artist. The role of aggression in mental work is aptly expressed by the phrase “,getting ones teeth into a problem,”.,go in for,ones teeth into a problem,mass,fashion,commit,getting,gambling,only too,hunting,senseless,1) Do you accept the authors definitions of “worker” and “laborer”?,2) Do you believe that it is bad for laborers to have more leisure time?,3) Do you think that workers will be definitely happier than laborers?,voicing,Work in pairs or groups and discuss the question: “What would you like to be in your future careera worker or a laborer?” The following questions may help develop your ideas.,(,Open.,),Key Words (B),Key Words for Text B,encouragement,previously,typically,ethnic,declaration,abstract,coordination,moderately,slight,extremely,Key Words (B),Expressions for Text B,go through,rule out,stand a chance,我指导过的许多人在决定职业时，没有审视过自己认为最有价值的东西是什么，也没有考虑过在选定的职业中，是否能够实现这些价值。,1.,Many people Ive counseled regarding career decisions havent looked at what they value the most and whether these values can be attained in their chosen vocation. (Para. 1),2) Please translate the sentence into Chinese.,When people come to me for advice on choosing a job, most of them have no idea about what they want most from the job and whether they can obtain it from the job.,Sentences,1) What is the meaning of the sentence?,2.,In this regard, choosing a vocation can be thought of as a public declaration of the kind of person we see ourselves as being. (Para. 3),2) Please translate the sentence into Chinese.,在这一点上，选择职业可以被认为是我们把自己定位为某类人的公开宣言。,Different professions require different personal qualities. The profession we select reflects the kind of qualities we want to show in public.,Sentences,1) What is the meaning of the sentence?,3.,It is difficult for people to feel positively about themselves or their occupation if they have to accept an occupation they perceive as low in status. (Para. 5),2) Please translate the sentence into Chinese.,要是人们不得不接受他们认为是地位低下的某种职业，那就很难让他们对自己或自己的职业有信心。,People will have a negative image of themselves or of their work if they think the job they are doing has a low status in society.,Sentences,1) What is the meaning of the sentence?,4.,Interestingly, most studies show little direct relationship between measured aptitudes and occupational performance and satisfaction. (Para. 7),2) Please translate the sentence into Chinese.,有趣的是，大部分研究表明，在评估出的才能与职业工作表现及满意度之间几乎不存在直接关系。,It is interesting to find that having the ability required by the job does not guarantee good work performance and career satisfaction.,Sentences,1) What is the meaning of the sentence?,5.,Interests, unlike abilities, have been found to be moderately effective as predictors of vocational success, satisfaction, and persistence. (Para. 8),2) Please translate the sentence into Chinese.,已经发现，兴趣在预测职业的成功、满意度及其持续性方面是比较有效的。,Unlike abilities, interests are to some extent related to work performance. In other words, if you are interested in your work, you are more likely to obtain career success and job satisfaction, and less likely to give it up.,Sentences,1) What is the meaning of the sentence?,Q1,Q2,Comprehension,What is the authors opinion about the attitude that most students take towards choosing an occupation or career?,What do some students fail to consider when making career decisions?,Para.1,Q1,Q2,Comprehension,Why is making vocational choice a process rather than an isolated event?,What are the factors one should consider before making a career decision?,Para.2,Q1,Q2,Para.3,Comprehension,Why does the author say that a vocational choice is an attempt to fulfill ones self-concept?,What do people with a poor self-concept tend to do in choosing a vocation?,Para.3,Q4,Q1,Q2,Q3,Paras.4-5,Comprehension,Why is education an important factor in shaping our attitudes towards occupational status?,What are the first-graders attitudes towards occupational status?,What changes do students make in their attitudes towards occupational status as they move to higher grades?,What may make people feel positively about themselves or their occupation?,Q4,Q1,Q2,Q3,Para.1,Comprehension,What do general abilities refer to according to the author?,What do specific abilities consist of?,Why is scholastic aptitude important according to the author?,Do you think people with the ability required by the job can always perform well?,Paras.6-7,Q1,Q2,Q3,Para.1,Comprehension,Why is interest measurement an important factor in career planning?,What does the author advise students to do when they consider their interests in vocational planning?,Do you think interests should be given priority in ones vocational planning?,Para.8,Q1,Q2,Q3,Para.1,Comprehension,What does the author typically recommend when he helps students make a decision in their choice of vocation?,What do most people consider when they make their career decision?,What does the author suggest to those whose central values are social?,Paras.9-10,Q1,Q2,Para.1,Comprehension,Why is it important to decide which factors weigh more when we consider choosing a career?,What should people do if they want to be satisfied with the work they are doing according to the author?,Paras.11-12,When selecting a career or occupation, you have to consider many factors as discussed in Text B. Now work in pairs or groups to put the following factors in seque,nce from the most important to the least, and try to justify yourself by providing convincing arguments.,(,Open.,),Optional,self-concept,occupational,attitudes,interests,abilities,values,Parental,influence,The most important,-,The least,important,Useful Expressions-A,Useful Expressions from Text A,Chinese Equivalences,in the strict sense,earn a living,manual job,mental job,coincide with,heart attacks,freedom from compulsion,at a guess,从严格意义上说,谋生,体力劳动,脑力劳动,与,一致，相符,心脏病,摆脱强制,据推测,Useful Expressions-A,Useful Expressions from Text A,Chinese Equivalences,the division of labour,paid occupations,mass society,go in for,the masses,drug-taking,commit acts of violence,get ones teeth into,劳动分工,受雇职业,大众社会,爱好，沉迷于,广大民众,吸食毒品,进行暴力活动,埋头做，认真做,Useful Expressions-A,Useful Expressions from Text B,Chinese Equivalences,a university counseling center,think seriously about,a given vocation,mean the most to sb.,make vocational choices,an isolated event,go through a series of stages,fulfill ones self-concept,大学职业咨询中心,认真考虑,某一特定职业,对某人最有意义,选择职业,一个孤立的事件,经历一系列不同的阶段,实现某人的自我概念,Useful Expressions-A,Useful Expressions from Text B,Chinese Equivalences,keep ones ambitions low,derive satisfaction from,base on ones conviction,a public declaration,perceive as low in status,scholastic aptitude,verbal and numerical aptitudes,abstract reasoning ability,胸无大志,从,中得到满足,基于某人的信念,公开宣言,认为是地位低下的,学习才能,语言能力和数字能力,