药学概论之中药学发展英文版

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It is the floorboard of the traditional medicine in China.,1. From the point of origin, the vast majority of traditional Chinese medicine originally produced in China.,(zhejiang fritillary, rhizoma ligustici wallichii, donkey-hide gelatin),2. The understanding and use of the Chinese traditional medicine is based on the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, which has a unique theoretical system and application form.,3,What is,the herbal medicine,？,Chinese medicine mainly comes from natural medicine and its processed products, including plant medicine, animals, mineral medicine and some chemical and biological drugs. Because of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the majority with plant medicine, therefore has the medicine to the grass for this.,Until modern times, with the spread of western medicine in China and herbalism hence is referred to as the Chinese materia medica gradually.,An overview of the herbal medicine and Chinese materia medica development,4,An overview of the herbal medicine and Chinese materia medica development,5,What is Chinese materia medica?,Chinese medica is the study of basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and the source of all kinds of traditional Chinese medicine, fuel, such as performance, efficacy and clinical application of knowledge of a subject, is an important part of the motherland medicine.,Materia medica books and documents is very rich, more than about 300, a record of the wisdom of the peoples invention and development of our country medicine created and outstanding contributions, and relatively intact and come down, and become an important content of the excellent cultural treasure of the Chinese nation.,An overview of the herbal medicine and Chinese materia medica development,6,hua tuo invention hemp boiling - the earliest anaesthesia,ge hong invention of alchemy - the earliest inorganic chemistry, (HGS),ray Xiao cannon main theory - gun, broiled, Fried, boiled, Fried, water, steam, such as leaching processing method. In attenuated, increasing benefit, modification, and use.,An overview of the herbal medicine and Chinese materia medica development,7,in the Ming dynasty,compendium of materia medica,1. Li shizhen, completed in 1578 AD.,2.,The medicine number: 1892,3. According to the natural attributes can be divided into water, fire, earth, metal and stone, the grass, valley, vegetables, fruit, wood, suits, insect, scales, dielectric, birds, animals, people, a total of 16 June 2 class, is at the time of the worlds most advanced classification method.,8,the basic theory of Chinese materia medica,(A) the basic principles of Chinese medicine treatment and medicinal theory,The basic principle of treatment,To eliminate pathogenic factors (eliminate pathogenic), to restore the normal physiological function of zang-fu organs (righting), slant correction of qi and blood, Yin and Yang of partial tide of pathological phenomena, to the maximum extent, returned to normal, to cure the disease and restore health.,Medicinal theory,Drug treatment is itself has several characteristics and effect, collectively known as medicinal, previous biased as drugs.Medicinal theory includes four gas, mixed, lift off and return to classics, toxic and nontoxic.,9,(B) the four gas,Five tastes belong to the TCM,Four gas,The medicinal properties of four different temperature is cold,heat warm cool also known as the four properties.In view of the different symptoms of cold and heat, and cold therapy in medicine, heat treatment hot to cold medicine.,Five tastes,Sour, bitter, sweet, bitter, salty, five kinds of flavor, reflecting the material basis for the drugs work, on the other hand also reflect the reality of the drug effect.,the basic theory of Chinese materia medica,10,Zinn herbs,：,Rich in volatile oil, and spread to nourish, passage of qi activity, promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis, such as ginger, mint can cure a cold table card, combination can treat thoracic abdominal distension full, chili feasible blood stasis.,Bitter medicine,：,Has clear heat purging fire, aperient, inverse, cough, such as rhizoma coptidis heat boils, rhubarb constipation, bitter almond stop coughing.,the basic theory of Chinese materia medica,11,V adjuvant,：,Tonify deficiency, alleviate pain, medicinal, detoxification, such as: ginseng to treat qi deficiency fatigue, licorice twin acute pain, the drug or food poisoning.,sour medicine,：,Has the effect of convergence is acerbity, such as: im plum can acerbity antidiarrheal.,salty medicine,：,Have the effect of the purging and soft firm fights, such as: the glaubers salt in purge, kelp can treat gall.,the basic theory of Chinese materia medica,12,the compatibility of Chinese traditional medicine,selectively to apply two or more drugs together, called the compatibility.,huang di order cases, will a variety of drug compatibility relations of seven referred to as the seven emotions .,1. Single: two kinds of medicines, rarely interfere with each other, their play the role of single drug, treatment of disease different symptoms.,2. Phase shall be: the application effect are two similar drugs, can enhance the efficacy of original drugs.(gypsum fibrosum),13,3. Phase make: is given priority to with a drug, another drug is complementary, the two fungicides, auxiliary medicine can improve the efficacy of the main medicine.,4,Phase fear: is a kind of drug side effects can be suppressed by another drug.(pinellia and ginger),5,Slaughter: is a kind of medicine can eliminate the side effects of another drug.(wind arsenic poison),6. Evil: v. phase is a kind of drug can destroy another drug Efficacy.(evil) of semen raphani ginseng,7,On the contrary, is to use two kinds of drugs can have severe side effects.(18 and 19 fear),14,The use of the TCM,Medicinal broth is one of the most commonly used dosage forms of Chinese medicine, since shang dynasty yi zhi created soup liquid ratified, enduring.One of the production of Fried, water, temperature, cooking method has certain requirements.,One decoction method,15,1. Tisanes appliance: is good with casseroles, crock, aluminum pot, pot, avoid is used a steel pan, lest produce chemical change, affect curative effect.,2,Tisanes water: in ancient times with running water, well water, rain water, spring water, used for processing drugs decoction, etc.Now use tap water, well water, distilled water, etc., but always with clean fresh water quality as well.,16,3,Tisanes temperature: there, high heat.Soft fire, is sent slow temperature rise and water liquid evaporation temperature;And high heat, also called JiHuo, is letting temperature rise and the duration of the liquid water evaporates quickly.,17,4. Decoction method: medicine soak 30 60 minutes first, higher than that of water to powder. General Chinese medicine decoction twice, the first Fried water added to 1/3 1/2.After twice decoction to slag filter net points 2 times.Decoction of temperature and time, according to the drugs performance.Nourish, in general, medicine, heat medicine appropriate high heat decoction, the appropriate time is short, after boiling frying 3 5,minutes;Tonics,need simmers Fried, the appropriate time long, renew and 30 60 minutes after boiling.Certain drugs because of the quality of a material is different, decoction method is more special, need to indicate on the prescription, including frying, before they are classified into the next, frying, another frying, melting, bubble, a blunt, decoct soup water decocting method.,18,(1) the first Fried: mainly refers to some of the stone to some effective components insoluble in water, minerals, shell drugs, should break first decoct, boil, 20 30 minutes, and the other drugs with Fried, in order to make effective ingredients fully exhalation.Like a magnet, keel and oysters, sea clamshell, corrugated, haliotis, tortoise plastron, turtle son of first-class.Here, monkshood, top side effects of the strong drugs, proper in skillet and cook for 45 to 60 minutes after the first medicine it is Fried can reduce toxicity, safe drug use.,19,(2) : refers to some aromatic drugs, long and its effective components easy to volatilize and reduce the effectiveness, in other drugs into fry boil 5 10 minutes later, such as mint, artemisia annua l, radix aucklandiae, amomum villosum.In addition, although some drugs are not of the aromatic drugs, but for a long time and can also be broken its effective components, such as hook rattan, rhubarb, senna is after next.,20,(3) packet Fried: mainly refers to the strong viscosity, powder, and with downy drugs, appropriate with gauze bag first, then fry with other drugs, in order to prevent the solution cloudy or stimulate the throat cause cough and drowned in the bottom of the pot, cause coking or pasting on heating.Such as talc, rotary compound flowers, semen plantaginis, cattail pollen and heart and oven, etc.,(4) the other Fried: also called the other stew, is mainly refers to some precious medicinal materials, active ingredients in order to better the solution should also be other Fried or other stew alone 2 3 hours.Decoction can another suit, also can be mixed with other solution, such as ginseng, American ginseng, antelope horn, etc.,Thank you,谢谢！,