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,专用,河南,中,考,英,语,2020,第二部分语法专题过关,专题十二 简单句,PART 02,考点帮,考点,1,陈述句,考点,2,疑问句,考点,3,祈使句,考点,4,感叹句,考点,5 There be,句型,考点,1,考点帮,陈述句,考点,2,考点,3,考点,4,考点,5,肯定式,+ (+,其他,),Mary gets up at half past six.,玛丽在六点半起床。,The sun rises in the east.,太阳从东方升起。,One careless move may lose the whole game.,一着不慎,满盘皆输。,否定式,1.be,动词、助动词和情态动词变否定形式,须在其后直接加,主语,谓语,考点,1,考点帮,陈述句,考点,2,考点,3,考点,4,考点,5,not,。如,:,She is not a doctor.,她不是一名医生。,She hasnt finished the task.,她还没有完成这项任务。,You shouldnt tell him the truth.,你不应该告诉他真相。,2.,当句中只有实义动词作谓语时,需要借助助动词构成否定句。如,:,My aunt doesnt like watching TV plays.,我姑姑不喜欢看电视剧。,2019,重庆中考,B,卷,考点,1,考点帮,疑问句,考点,3,考点,4,考点,5,+ +,Is she a painter?,她是一名画家吗,?,2. + + +,Do you like swimming in summer?,你夏天喜欢游泳吗,?,May I open the window?,我可以打开窗户吗,?,考点,2,一般疑问句,需用,yes,或,no,回答的疑问句叫作一般疑问句。,be,动词,主语,表语,谓语,助动词,/,情态动词,其他,主语,考点,1,考点帮,疑问句,考点,3,考点,4,考点,5,对一般疑问句作肯定回答时,常用,Yes,主语,+be,动词,/,助动词,/,情态动词,;,作否定回答时,常用,No,主语,+be,动词,/,助动词,/,情态动词,+not,。如,:,Are you a student?,你是一名学生吗,?,Yes, I am./No, I am not.,是的,我是。,/,不,我不是。,Can Lily speak Chinese?,莉莉会说汉语吗,?,Yes, she can./No, she cant.,是的,她会。,/,不,她不会。,考点,2,考点,1,考点帮,疑问句,考点,3,考点,4,考点,5,考点,1,考点,2,提分速记,回答含有否定词的一般疑问句时,要在,yes,后用肯定结构,表示肯定,;,在,no,后用否定结构,表示否定,但其汉语翻译与原意正好相反。如,:,Isnt it your English book?,这不是你的英语书吗,?,Yes, it is./No, it isnt.,不,这是。,/,是的,这不是。,考点,1,考点帮,疑问句,考点,3,考点,4,考点,5,考点,1,考点,2,特殊疑问句,由特殊疑问词引导的疑问句叫作特殊疑问句。特殊疑问句是由,特殊疑问词,+,一般疑问句,构成,回答特殊疑问句时不能用,yes,或,no,。,疑问词的用法如下,:,考点,1,考点帮,疑问句,考点,3,考点,4,考点,5,考点,1,考点,2,what,对事物或抽象概念等提问,Whats the time?,几点了,?,What makes you so happy?,何事让你如此开心,?,询问职业或身份,Whats your dad?=Whats your dads job?,你父亲是做什么的,?,后接名词,构成疑问短语,What subject do you like best?,你最喜欢什么科目,?,English.,英语。,(1),疑问代词,考点,1,考点帮,疑问句,考点,3,考点,4,考点,5,考点,1,考点,2,who,询问身份,Who is the boy?,那个男孩是谁,?,which,询问哪一个,Which is better exercise swimming or tennis?,游泳和网球,哪种运动比较好,?,后接名词,构成疑问短语,Which book are you looking for?,你在找哪本书,?,考点,1,考点帮,疑问句,考点,3,考点,4,考点,5,考点,1,考点,2,(2),疑问副词,when,询问时间,When is her birthday?,她的生日是什么时候,?,where,询问地点,Where are you going?,你要去哪里,?,why,询问原因,Why are you late again?,你为什么又迟到了,?,Why dont you do sth.?=Why not do sth.?,常用于表示劝告、建议等,意为,为什么不,呢,?,考点,1,考点帮,疑问句,考点,3,考点,4,考点,5,考点,1,考点,2,how,询问方式,How can I help you?,我怎么做能帮到你,?,询问健康状况,How is your aunt?,你阿姨怎么样了,?,后接形容词、副词等,询问数量、频率、价格、程度等。,How many books are there?,有多少本书,?,How soon will you come back?,你多久之后回来,?,考点,1,考点帮,疑问句,考点,3,考点,4,考点,5,考点,1,考点,2,选择疑问句,1. + +,Is he a worker or a doctor?,他是一名工人还是一名医生,?,2. + + +,Which ice-cream would you like, chocolate or strawberry?,你想要哪个冰激凌,巧克力味的还是草莓味的,?,一般疑问句,or,被选择部分,特殊疑问句,A,B,or,考点,1,考点帮,祈使句,考点,2,考点,3,考点,4,祈使句表示命令、请求、建议或劝告等。主语通常被省略,谓语动词用原形,句末用句号或感叹号。,肯定祈使句,1.,动词原形,+,其他,如,:,Listen to the teacher carefully.,认真听老师讲课。,2.Let+,第一、三人称的宾格,/,名词,+,动词原形,+,其他,如,:,Let the students come in!,让学生们进来,!,考点,5,考点,1,考点帮,祈使句,考点,2,考点,3,考点,4,否定祈使句,1.Dont+,动词原形,+,其他,如,:,Dont be late for school again.,不要再上学迟到了。,2.Never+,动词原形,+,其他,如,:,Never judge a person by his looks.,不要以貌取人。,3.No+,名词,/,动名词,如,:,No parking!,禁止停车,!,考点,5,考点,1,考点帮,祈使句,考点,2,考点,3,考点,4,祈使句的应答语,1.Lets,开头的祈使句,其答语常用,Good idea./OK. ,等。如,:,Lets go to the library to borrow some books.,我们去图书馆借些书吧。,Good idea.,好主意。,2.,其他肯定祈使句的应答语常用,Yes/OK, I will.,等,否定祈使句的应答语常用,Sorry/No, I wont (do it again).,等。如,:,考点,5,考点,1,考点帮,祈使句,考点,2,考点,3,考点,4,Its going to rain. Remember to take an umbrella with you.,就要下雨了。你记着带上雨伞。,Thanks, I will.,谢谢,我会的。,Dont draw on the blackboard.,不要在黑板上画画。,Sorry, I wont.,对不起,我不会,(,再那样做,),了。,考点,5,考点,1,考点帮,祈使句,考点,2,考点,3,考点,4,提分速记,祈使句与简单句、复合句之间的转换,(1)Lets+,动词原形,+,其他,.,可转换为,Shall we+,动词原形,+,其他,?,。如,:Lets go fishing this afternoon.=Shall we go fishing this afternoon?,我们今天下午去钓鱼吧。,(2)“,祈使句,+and/or+,简单句,.”,可转换为含,if,引导的条件状语从句的复合句。如,:,考点,5,考点,1,考点帮,祈使句,考点,2,考点,3,考点,4,Use your head, and youll find a way.=If you use your head, youll find a way.,动动脑筋,你就会找到方法。,Hurry up, or well be late.=If we dont hurry up, well be late.,如果不快点,我们就会迟到。,考点,5,考点,1,考点帮,感叹句,考点,2,考点,3,考点,4,感叹句用来表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情,通常用,what,或,how,引导,句末用感叹号。,具体用法如下,:,How,引导的感叹句,主要用来感叹形容词、副词或谓语动词。,1.How+,形容词,/,副词,+,主语,+,谓语,!,如,:,How beautiful the flowers are!,多么漂亮的花啊,!,How fast the man runs!,那个人跑得真快啊,!,考点,5,考点,1,考点帮,感叹句,考点,2,考点,3,考点,4,2.How+,形容词,+a/an+,单数可数名词,+,主语,+,谓语,!,如,:,How clever a boy he is!,他是多么聪明的一个男孩啊,!,3.How+,主语,+,谓语,!,如,:,How time flies!,时光飞逝,!,How I want to have a new mobile phone!,我多想有一部新手机啊,!,考点,5,考点,1,考点帮,感叹句,考点,2,考点,3,考点,4,What,引导的感叹句,1.What+a/an+,形容词,+,单数可数名词,+,主语,+,谓语,!,如,:,Look, what a beautiful skirt she has bought!,看,她买了条多么漂亮的裙子呀,!2019,威海中考,2.What+,形容词,+,复数可数名词,/,不可数名词,+,主语,+,谓语,!,如,:,What beautiful pictures they are!,它们是多么美丽的图画啊,!,What cold weather it is!,多么寒冷的天气啊,!,考点,5,考点,1,考点帮,感叹句,考点,2,考点,3,考点,4,其他感叹句,1.,在陈述句、祈使句句尾加感叹号,表示某种强烈的感情。如,:,She plays the piano so well!,她钢琴弹得真好,!,Stop talking!,不要说话了,!,2.,有时单词和短语本身也可用来表示感叹。如,:,Wonderful!,好极了,!,考点,5,考点,1,考点帮,There be,句型,考点,2,考点,3,考点,4,考点,5,There be+sb./sth.+,地点状语,/,时间状语,表示,某处,/,某时有某人,/,某物,。,There be,句型结构,+ +,There be,句型的时态,There be,主语,其他成分,考点,1,考点帮,There be,句型,考点,2,考点,3,考点,4,考点,5,There be,句型中的主谓一致,There be,句型中,be,动词的形式要与离它最近的主语保持数的一致,即遵循,就近原则,。如,:,There are some flowers and a tree in the garden.,花园里有一些花和一棵树。,考点,1,考点帮,There be,句型,考点,2,考点,3,考点,4,考点,5,妙辨异同,There be,句型和,have,的区别,:,(1)There be,句型表示,存在,强调,某地,/,某时有某人,/,物,不表示所属关系。如,:,There is a science lab next to the library.,图书馆旁边有一个科学实验室。,(2)have,表示所属关系,强调,某人,/,物拥有,。,如,:We have a beautiful garden.,我们有一个漂亮的花园。,
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