中考英语专题四+介词和介词短语课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,第二部分,语法专题,专题四 介词和介词短语,精讲常考知识,考点五,介词 的固定搭配,考点一,表示时间的介词,考点二,表示空间的介词,考点三,表示方式、手段或工具的介词,考点四,表其他含义的介词及词组,介词用来表明名词、代词与句中其他词的关系。介词是虚词，不能重读，不能单独作句子成分，需要和它后面的词组合在一起共同充当句子成分。,考点一 表时间的介词,.,基本用法,at, in & on,介词,用法,例词,/,句,at,用于钟点、中午、夜晚、拂晓、黄昏等词前面。,at five oclock 5,点时,at noon,在中午,at night,在晚上,用在一些固定短语中。,at the beginning of,在开始,at the end of,在末尾,at the same time,同时,at the age of,在,岁时,介词,用法,例词,/,句,in,用在表示世纪、年代、年份、季节、月份等的名词前；用在不特定的上午、下午、晚上或白天等词前。,in the,twentyfirst,century,在,21,世纪,in the 1880s,在,19,世纪,80,年代,in 1983 in winter,在,1983,年冬天,in March,在三月,in the morning,在早上,用在表示年龄段的数词前。,in his fifties,在他,50,多岁时,后面接一段时间，表示“在,之后”，多用于将来时。,We are going to Guangzhou in two days.,我们准备两天内去广州。,介词,用法,例词,/,句,on,强调具体的某一天如日期、星期。,on May 10th,在,5,月,10,日,on Monday,在星期一,具体某一天的上午、中午或晚上。,on the morning of August 8,在,8,月,8,日早上,on a cold morning,在一个寒冷的早上,用在节日前。,on Teachers Day,在教师节,since, for & from,介词,用法,例句,since,指从某时一直延续至今。后跟过去的时间点或一般过去时的句子，常与完成时连用。,I have taught in No.12 middle school since I finished college in 1989.,我自从,1989,年大学毕业后就在第,12,中学任教。,for,指动作延续、贯穿整个过程，后接时间段，常与含延续性动词的完成时连用。,I have had this book for a long time.,我持有这本书很长时间了。,from,说明开始的时间，谓语可用过去、现在、将来等时态。,From now on, I will learn English in the evening.,从现在开始，我要在晚上学英语。,介词,用法,例句,by,后跟时间点，意为“到,之前为止，在,之间”，常用于将来时和完成时中。如果,by,后跟的是过去的时间点，则与过去完成时连用。,How many English words had you learned by last term?,你上学期学了多少英语单词？,until / till,后跟时间点，用在肯定句中，意为“直到,为止”，其前的谓语动词需用延续性动词；用于否定句中，意为“直到,才”，其前的谓语动词多用非延续性动词。,He will wait for you until / till you comes.,他将一直等到你回来。,She didnt know me until / till last week.,她直到上周才认识我。,by, until / till, during, after & before,介词,用法,例句,during,后跟时间段，意为“在,期间”，常与延续性动词连用，表示某个期间的动作。,We will visit Qingdao during this summer vacation.,我们这个暑假要去青岛。,after,after,后既可以跟时间段，也可以跟时间点，意为“在,后”。后跟时间段时表示以过去为起点的某一段时间之后，常用于过去时；后跟时间点时，表示将来的某个时间之后。,Mary got back from the library after two hours.,玛丽两个小时以后从图书馆回来了。,Sally will arrive in Guangzhou after 9:00.,莎莉将在,9,点到达广州。,before,在,之前。,My mother always goes to work before 7:00.,我妈妈总是,7,点之前就去上班。,.,易混词辨析,between,强调在两者之间；,from . to .,意为“从,到,”,，强调时间段。,Tom does his homework between 7:00 and 9:00.,汤姆,7,点到,9,点之间做作业。（,7,点到,9,点之间的某个时间段在做，不一定一直在做）,Tom does his homework from 7:00 to 9:00.,汤姆从,7,点到,9,点做作业。,(,从,7,点到,9,点一直在做,),【,典例精析,】,1. Li Yuchun is my favorite singer. I once met her _ 2012 in Hunan.,A. toB. onC. atD. in,解析：,此处,2012,表年份，年份前用介词,in,。,2. The 2012 London Olympic Games will soon start _ the coming July.,A. onB. inC. atD. To,答案：,D,。,解析：,the coming July,意为“即将到来的七月”。在月份前应用介词,in,。,答案：,B,。,解析：,具体日期前用介词,on,。,3. _ April 20th, 2013, a terrible earthquake happened in Yaan city, Sichuan.,(2013,娄底,),A. InB. OnC. At,答案：,B,。,4. Well hold a party in celebration of the 90th birthday of the CPC (,中国共产党,),_,Friday. (2011,莆田,),A. inB. onC. at,5. We can be thankful every day, not just _ Thanksgiving Day. (2012,黔西南,),A. inB. onC. toD. by,解析：星期前用介词,on,。,答案：,B,。,答案：,B,。,解析：,节日前用介词,on,。,6. I usually get up _ 7:00 _ the morning.,A. in; at,B. at; in,C. in; in,D. at; on,解析：,强调某一个具体时间点时用介词,at,；泛指的上午、下午或晚上前用介词,in,。,7. Lucy lived in Beijing from 2008 _ 2012.,A. onB. to,C. atD. of,解析：,能与,from,搭配组合成短语的是,to,；,from . to .,意为,“,从,到, ”,。,答案,：,B,。,答案：,B,。,8. _ the time I got to the bus stop, the bus had already left.,A. OnB. InC. ByD. With,解析：句子的时态为过去完成时。,by,只有在后面跟时间点时才与完成时连用，,by the time,意为,“,到,时候为止,”,，常与完成时连用。另外三个词一般不与完成时连用。,9. A terrible earthquake hit Yaan. Sichuan Province _ the morning _ April 20.,A. in; inB. at; onC. on; of,答案：,C,。,解析：,指具体的某个上午、下午或晚上用介词,on,；,April 20,与,the morning,是所属关系，应用,of,。,答案：,C,。,10. Welcome to our hotel! I hope youll have a good time _ your stay here.,A. afterB. duringC. withD. since,解析：,after,意为“在,之后”，其后跟一段时间时，句子用一般过去时；,during,意为“在,期间”，强调在某一特定的时间段做的动作；,with,不与表时间的短语连用；,since,后跟时间点或从句。,your stay here,表示的是一段时间，并且句子用的是一般将来时。因此用,during,最合适。,答案：,B,。,11. I had too much work to do last night, I didnt go to bed _ 11 oclock.,A. inB. untilC. for,解析：,由句意可知，,“,我,”,到十一点钟才睡觉。,until,用于否定句时，表示动作到某个时刻为止，即,“,直到,才,”,。,答案：,B,12. You dont want to visit any other mountain if you have seen wu yue, but you wont wish to see even wu yue _ returning from Mount Huangshan.,A. aboutB. beforeC. sinceD. after,解析：,about,大约；,before,在,之前；,since,自从,以来；,after,在,之后。根据句意“五岳归来不看山，黄山归来不看岳”，用,after,最恰当。,13. Im looking after Tom today. Hes been in my house _ 8:00 this morning.,A. atB. forC. sinceD. till,答案：,D,。,解析：,since,后跟过去的时间点，表示一段时间，常与现在完成时连用。,答案：,C,。,考点二 表示空间的介词,.,基本用法,at, on, in & to,介词,用法,例词,/,句,at,在,（里面或附近）。可用于小地点前；可用于地址、邮箱地址前；可用于表示,“,在前,/,后,”,；还可用于一些固定短语中。,at the door,在门口,at the table,在桌子旁,at No.2, Beijing Road,在北京路,2,号,at the back of,在,后面,on,在,上。可以用来表示“紧邻”；可用于路名前；用来表示“在左,/,右”；还可以用于一些固定短语中。,Canada lies on the north of the U.S.,加拿大在美国北边。,Li Ping is on my left.,李平在我左边。,on Bridge Street,在大桥街,介词,用法,例词,/,句,in,在,里。可以用来表示“包含”；可以用来表示“在,排,/,行,/,组”；可用于较大的地点前，如大城市、国家、洲等；还可以用于一些固定短语中。,Beijing is in the north of China.,北京在中国的北部。,We are in Team One.,我们是第一队的。,My uncle lives in Guangzhou.,我叔叔住在广州。,in the front of,在,前面,to,向；朝；至；达。用来表示目的地或去的目的；常与动词原形构成动词不定式。,Will you take a train to Tianjin?,你（将）坐火车去天津吗？,【,典例精析,】,1. There are four people _ my family.,A. onB. atC. inD. of,2. How can I get more information about the donation to Yaan?, You can email Mr. Wang _,yaanearthquake,.,A. onB. inC. atD. by,解析：,my family,表示范围，用介词,in,表示在范围之内。,答案：,C,。,解析：,邮箱地址前通常用介词,at,。,答案：,C,。,3. Excuse me. Could you tell Tae the way to the Peoples Hospital?, Walk along this street _ the end and youll find it on your left.,A. inB. toC. byD. at,解析：,in,在,里面；,to,表示方向；,by,在,旁边；,at,表示在某一时刻或小地方。此处为,“,走到路的尽头,”,，表示方向。,答案：,B,。,.,同义词辨析,over, above & on,介词,用法,例句,over,在,正上方。表示一种垂直悬空的上下关系。,Is there any bridge over the river?,河上有桥吗？,介词,用法,例句,above,高于,。表示一物比另一物高，但不是垂直的上下关系，且两者不接触。,A family photo is above his bed.,他的床上挂着一张家庭合影。,on,在,上。表示一物放在另一物的上面，两者必须接触。,Theres a book on the table.,桌子上有一本书。,注意：,1. in,有时也可以用来表示“在,上”，但区别于,on,。,在树上,in the tree,指非树木本身的一部分的人或物在树上,on the tree,指树木本身的一部分（如叶子、果实等）在树上,在墙上,in the wall,指镶嵌在墙内，如门窗、钉子等,on the wall,指在墙的表面上，如地图、照片、画像等,在报纸上,in the newspaper,指报纸的内容,on the newspaper,指放在报纸表面上的其他物品,2. over,表示“在,正上方”的意思时，还有“覆盖”的意思。,under & below,介词,用法,例句,under,在,正下方，与,over,相对。,My new bike is under the tree.,我的新自行车在树下。,below,在,的下面，低于，与,above,相对。,Please dont write below this line.,请不要在这条线下写。,注意：,表示“温度在,度以上用,above,，表示“温度在,度以下”用,below,。,over, across & through,介词,用法,例句,over,越过。强调从表面越过。,The plane flew over the river.,飞机飞过河流。,across,穿过，横过。即“从一头到另一头，从一边到另一边”，强调从表面穿过。,She went across the street to make some purchases.,她穿过马路去购物。,through,穿过，纵穿。即“穿越”，强调从一定的空间内穿过”。,The sunlight was coming in through the window.,阳光透过窗户照了进来。,注意：,over,放在数词前时，意为“超过，大于,，多于,”,。,on, in & to,介词,用法,例句,in,在,。表示“在某范围内”，两者为包含关系。,Guangdong is in the south of China.,广东在中国的南方。,on,在,。表示“毗邻，接壤”，两者为并列关系。,Guangdong is on the east of Guangxi.,广东在广西东边。,to,在,。表示“在某范围外”，两者为并列关系。,South Korea is to the east of China.,韩国在中国东边（隔海相望）。,between & among,介词,用法,例句,between,在,之间。用于两者之间，常与,and,连用。,There are many trees and flowers between the two buildings.,两座建筑物之间有许多树和花。,among,在,之间。用于三者或三者以上之间。,Our teacher sits among my classmates in the picture.,照片中，我们的老师坐在同学们中间。,in front of & in the front of,介词,用法,例句,in front of,在,前面。强调在物体的外部的前方。,Theres a young lady in front of the bus.,公共汽车的前面站着一位年轻女士。,(,在车外,),in the front of,在,前面。强调在物体的内部的前部。,Theres a young lady in the front of the bus.,公共汽车的前部站着一位年轻女士。,(,在车内,),after & behind,介词,用法,例句,after,在,之后。强调先后顺序。,Please come into the room after me.,请跟着我进入房间。,behind,在,后面。强调方向和位置的前后关系。,The hospital is behind the post office.,医院在邮局的后面。,【,典例精析,】,1. Ice is not often seen here in winter as the temperature normally stays _ zero. (2013,无锡,),A. upB. down C. above D. below,答案：,C,。,解析：,表示,“,温度在,度以上用,above,，表示,“,温度在,度以下,”,用,below,。根据常识可知，零度以上才见不到冰，故选,above,。,2. Can I join Oxfam Trailwalker?, Only if you are _ eighteen.,A. overB. onC. under D. below,解析：,几个选项中，只有,over,可以和数词连用，表示,“,超过，大于,”,，,over eighteen,意为,“,超过,18,岁,”,。,3. Sam likes trekking _ the jungle, because he thinks its exciting.,A. overB. underC. acrossD. through,解析：,根据句意可知，,Sam,喜欢穿越丛林。,across,和,through,都有“穿过”的意思，但,across,指的是从物体表面穿过；而,through,指的是从立体空间内部穿过。故此处应用,through,。,答案：,A,。,答案：,D,。,4. The workers will build a new railroad _ the two cities.,A. sinceB. between C. asD. during,解析：,句中的,the two cities,表示的是“两个城市”，两者之间用介词,between,。,5. Mrs. King put a coat _ the sleeping girl to keep her warm.,A. overB. withC. behindD. beside,解析：,根据句意可知，句子要表达“盖上一件外套”，几个介词中，只有,over,有“在,上”的意思。,答案：,B,。,答案：,A,。,考点三 表示方式、手段或工具的介词,by, in & on,(,表交通方式,),易混词,用法,例句,by,与交通工具连用时，交通工具前不用任何限定词。,Mr. White goes to work by car every day.,怀特先生每天开车上班。,in,与交通工具连用时，交通工具前用限定词。,Whos the man in the car?,汽车里的那个人是谁？,I often go to school on my fathers car.,我经常坐我爸爸的汽车去上学。,on,by, in & with,(,表手段或工具,),易混词,用法,例句,by,表示用某种方式或手段时，名词前不加冠词；若后接动词，需将动词变为动名词形式。,Mr. White goes to work by car every day.,怀特先生每天开车上班。,in,表示使用某种语言或材料，名词前不加冠词。,Can you tell a story in English?,你能用英语讲个故事吗？,with,后跟具体的工具。,You can write it down with my pen.,你可以用我的钢笔写。,【,典例精析,】,You can improve your English _ practicing more.,A. byB. with,C. ofD. in,解析：,由句意可知，多练习是提高英语的方式，,by,表示方式。,答案：,A,。,考点四 表其他含义的介词及词组,介词,意义,as,作为,about,关于,besides,除之外,(,还,),because of,因为,except,除,之外,for,为了,of,的（表所属关系）,instead of,代替；而不是,with,和；关于；带有；戴眼镜、假发等,without,没有,【,典例精析,】,1. Whos that man _ sunglasses?, He,s Jack Ding. I,ve just got an autograph from him.,A. on,B. for,C. of D. with,解析：,表示“戴眼镜、假发等”用介词,with,。,答案：,D,。,2. We are planning to have a surprise party _ her fifteenth birthday.,A. at B. in C. for D. with,解析：,根据句意可知，聚会是为了她的,15,岁生日而办的，只有,for,有,“,为了,”,的意思。,答案：,C,。,3. Students shouldnt go to school _ breakfast. Its bad for their health.,A. with B. without C. for D. by,解析：,根据第二句的句意“对身体有害”可知，设空处要表达的意思是“没有”。只有,without,最合适。,答案：,B,。,4. _ her husband, she has now become a famous film star.,A. Because B. Thanks to,C. Thanks for D. With the help,答案：,B,。,解析：,根据句意“幸亏,/,因为,/,由于她的丈夫，她现在才成了著名影星。”可以排除,C,和,D,两个选项，而,because,后面需要跟从句，也被排除，所以选,thanks to,（由于；幸亏）最恰当。,考点五 介词的固定搭配,.,介词与名词的常见搭配,after school,放学后,at first,首先,at least,至少,at home,在家,at work,在上班,at school,在上学,at last,最后,at times,有时,at the age of,在,岁时,at once,立刻，马上,at the moment,在那时,at the same time,同时,at this time,此时,at the foot of,在,脚下,at the end of,在末端，在终点,by accident,偶然,by the lake,在湖边,by the way,顺便问,(,说,),一下,by the end of,在,末尾,by car / bus / taxi / plane / train,乘坐汽车,/,公共汽车,/,出租车,/,飞机,/,火车,by bike,骑自行车,for some reason,由于,原因,in common,共同的,in the end,最后,in class,在课堂上,in time,及时,in the daytime,在白天,in danger,处在危险中,in style,时髦的,in fact,事实上,in general,一般来说,on duty,值日，值班,on foot,步行,on show,展出，展览,on time,按时,on the phone,打电话,on the weekends / weekdays,在周末,/,工作日,on the left / right (side),在左边,/,右边,out of style,过时的,thanks to,多亏了,thanks for,为,而感谢,the key / answer to ,的答案,【,典例精析,】,1. Do you know Mo Yan?, Of course, He won the 2012 Nobel Prize four Literature _ the age of,57.,A. inB. atC. onD. to,解析：,at (the) age of,为固定短语，意为,“,在,岁时,”,。,2. Did you go to the exhibition on May 18th?, Of course. There were many kinds of Taiwan fruits _.,A. on showB. on dutyC. on business,答案：,B,。,解析：,on show,展出；,on duty,值班；,on business,出差。根据句意“有许多种台湾水果在展出”可知，选,on show,最恰当。,答案：,A,。,3. Dont ask him to study too late into the night. _, he is only a small child.,As a result B. After all,C. Best of all D. For example,解析：,as a result,结果；,after all,毕竟；,best of all,最好的；,for example,例如。第二句话的两个分句之间为让步关系，因此用,after all,。,4 . Maybe you should call him up., But I dont want to talk with him _ the phone.,A. onB. at,C. inD. with,答案：,B,。,解析：,on the phone,是固定搭配，意为,“,通过电话,”,。,答案：,A,。,.,动词与介词的常见搭配,agree with,同意,ask for,向,要,arrive at / in,到达,be made in,在某地制造,be / come from,来自,borrow from,从,借,care for,照顾,get on / off,上,/,下车,compare . with,与,比较,complain about,抱怨,dance to,随着,跳舞,depend on,依靠，依赖,do business,经商,get ready for,为,准备,get on well with,与,相处得好,hear of / about,听说,hear from,收到,的来信,help with,帮助做,laugh at,嘲笑,lend to,借,给,look forward to,盼望,learn from,向,学习,look like,看起来像,look after,照顾,talk with,和,交谈,make of,由,制成（能看出原材料）,make from,由,制成（看不出原材料）,provide with,提供给,run out of,用完,remind . of,使,想起,suffer from,忍受,的痛苦,succeed in doing,成功做某事,take care of,照顾,think about,考虑,think of,认为，想到，考虑,talk about,讨论,talk to,对,说,take pride in,以,而自豪,turn on / off,打开,/,关掉,worry about,担心,write to,写信给,【,典例精析,】,1. The charity provides homeless people _ food and clothes.,A. withB. forC. as,解析：,provide sb. with sth.,为固定搭配，意为,“,为某人提供,/,供给某物,”,。,2. Catherine got married _ a policeman twenty years ago.,A. withB. forC. to,解析：,get married to sb.,为固定短语，意为,“,嫁给某人；跟某人结婚,”,。,答案：,A,。,答案：,C,。,3. Id like a cup of black coffee. What about you, Maggie?, I prefer coffee _ sugar.,A. thanB. forC. withD. to,解析：,prefer . to .,为固定短语，意为,“,和,相比，更喜欢,”,，但答话者并非想说自己更喜欢糖，而是说自己喜欢加糖的咖啡，表示,“,有，伴随,”,用,with,最恰当。,4. They arrived _ Shanghai _ a cold morning.,A. in; inB. in; onC. at; onD. at; in,解析：,arrive in,和,arrive at,都可表示,“,到达,”,。到达大的地方用,arrive in,，到达小的地方用,arrive at,。表示“在具体的某天或某个特定的上午、下午或晚上”时，要用介词,on,。,答案：,C,。,答案：,B,。,5. Mr. Wang is strongly _ keeping animals in the zoo, because he thinks animals should also enjoy freedom.,A. upB. for,C. againstD. down,解析：,be up,向上；,be for,赞成；,be against,反对；,down,向下。由后半句话的句意可知，王先生“反对”把动物放在动物园里。,6. Ann often helps me _ maths after school.,A. forB. with,C. onD. by,解析：,help sb. with sth.,为固定搭配，意为,“,帮助某人做某事,”,。,答案：,C,。,答案：,B,。,7. John often asks his teacher _ help.,A. toB. withC. forD. on,解析：,“ask sb. . for .”,为固定搭配，意为,“,向某人要,”,。,8. Mary, does your brother get _ work by bus?, No, he rides a bike. Sometimes he walks.,A. inB. onC. toD. for,解析：,get to,为固定搭配，意为,“,到达,”,。,9. Sandy is a real book lover and she often brings home many books to read _ the library.,A. inB. forC. byD. from,解析：,固定短语,bring . from .,意为,“,从,带到,”,。,答案：,C,。,答案：,C,。,答案：,D,。,.,介词与形容词的常见搭配,be angry with,生,的气,be afraid of,害怕,be absent from,缺席，不在,be bad for,对,有害,be good for,对,有好处,be good to,对,有好处,be good at,擅长,be friendly with,对,友好,be famous as,作为,而出名,be famous for,以,著名,be interested in,对,感兴趣,be filled with,被,充满,be full of,充满,be kind to,对,亲切,be late for,迟到,be mad at,生,的气,be pleased with,对,满意,be proud of,对,感到骄傲,be popular with,受某人欢迎,be polite to,对,有礼貌,be strict with,对,要求严格,be sure of,确信，肯定,different from,不同于,the same as,和,一样,【,典例精析,】,1. If you read a lot, your life will be full _ pleasure.,A. byB. of,C. forD. with,解析：,be full of,为固定短语，意为,“,充满,”,，等同于,be filled with,。,答案：,B,。,2. Not only the young but also the old are getting interested _,WeChat,(,微信,)., They can communicate more freely.,A. byB. aboutC. inD. for,解析：,be / get interested in,为固定短语，意为,“,对,感兴趣,”,。,3. Sanya is famous _ its beautiful beaches.,A. ofB. forC. as,解析：,be famous for,为固定短语，意为,“,以,著名,”,，介词宾语是主语的特点或一部分；,be famous as,意为,“,作为,而出名,”,，主语和介词后面的内容指的是同一人或物。根据句意,“,三亚因其美丽的海滩而著名。,”,可知，此处用,be famous,for,更恰当。,答案：,C,。,答案：,B,。,4. Whats your teacher like?, She is always strict _ us.,A. inB. withC. to,解析：,be strict with sb.,表示,“,对某人要求严格,”,；,be strict in sth.,表示,“,对某事要求严格,”,。由空后的,us,可知其前的介词应用,with,。,5. The chemicals in the vegetables and fruit are bad _ our health.,A. fromB. withC .ofD. for,解析：,be bad for,为固定搭配，意为“对,有害处”。,答案：,B,。,答案：,D,。,