韩礼德的语言功能观

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2012/4/27,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2012/4/27,#,本作品采用,知识共享署名,-,非商业性使用,2.5,中国大陆许可协议,进行许可。,专业交流,模板超市,设计服务,本作品的提供是以适用知识共享组织的公共许可（ 简称“,CCPL”,或 “许可”） 条款为前提的。本作品受著作权法以及其他相关法律的保护。对本作品的使用不得超越本许可授权的范围。,如您行使本许可授予的使用本作品的权利，就表明您接受并同意遵守本许可的条款。在您接受这些条款和规定的前提下，许可人授予您本许可所包括的权利。,查看全部,NordriDesign,中国专业,PowerPoint,媒体设计与开发,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2012/4/27,#,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,#,韩礼德的语言功能观,7,功能,&,1,韩礼德的,7,功能观,通过对儿童语言发展的观察和研究，韩礼德区分了语言的功能。他把儿童语言发展的过程看作是逐渐掌握语言功能的过程，因此提出了幼儿语言模式中的,7,种功能：,Instrumental function,工具功能,Regulatory function,控制功能,Heuristic function,启发功能,Interactional function,互动功能,Personal function,个人功能,Imaginative function,想象功能,Informative function,信息功能,2,Instrumental function,工具功能,The instrumental function is to use language to achieve a certain purpose in a straightforward manner.,e.g. A child is crying or screaming in an attempt to attract attention of the surrounding adults.,e.g.,表示“我要那个东西”这种语义,3,Regulatory function,控制功能,The regulatory function is a process in which language is being used to attempt to guide other individuals to ones purposes.,e.g.,表示“给我点奶”等意义,？,e.g.,选举演说,4,Heuristic function,启发功能,The heuristic function uses language to acquire, retain and assimilate knowledge, as well as to explore the surrounding environment of the learner.,e.g. A toddler is attempting to imitate certain conversational phrases used by the adults and subsequently able to use it in the appropriate communicative context.,e.g.“,那是什么？”,5,Interactional function,互动功能,The interactional function is using language to bridge personalities and build relationships between individuals.,e.g.,对父母及其他对他重要的人说,“,你好”、“见到你很高兴”等,？,e.g.,士兵之间说行话以联络感情,6,Personal function,个人功能,The personal function is relegated to explore ones innermost feelings and emotions.,e.g. “,我很高兴”、“我不喜欢那个”等,？,e.g.,写日记,7,Imaginative function,想象功能,The imaginative function governs the use of creativity of the human mind where language forms the imaginative strata in complex emotional and human portrayal in literature.,e.g. “,他是不是要离开我了？”,e.g.,使用从未听说过的话语,8,Informative function,信息功能,The informative function is used to pass on information, organiza facts and data, and educate others of such information through deliberated language.,e.g. “,我头疼”、“妈妈出去了”,？,e.g.,教师上课,9,韩礼德的元功能学说,从,16,个半月开始，幼儿语言开始向成人语言转化。在这个时期，幼儿开始运用成人语言中的词汇和语法。他们的语言功能也更为抽象和复杂。由于成人的语言更为复杂而且要完成很多功能，因此幼儿语言最初的功能范围逐渐缩小为一组高度字符化并且抽象的功能，及,元功能,：,Ideational metafunction,概念功能,Interpersonal metafunction,人际功能,Textual metafunction,语篇功能,10,Ideational metafunction,概念功能,概念功能就是向听话人传递新信息。,及物性系统,Transitivity,语态,Voice,参与者,Participants,过程,Processes,环境,Circunstances,物质过程,Material Processes,心理过程,Mental Processes,关系过程,Relational Processes,言语过程,Verbal Processes,行为过程,Behavioural Processes,存在过程,Existential Processes,11,Interpersonal metafunction,人际功能,人际功能包括了表达社会和个人关系的所有语言使用。,语气,Mood,剩余部分,Residue,主语,Subject,限定成分,Finite,助动词,Auxiliary Verbs,情态动词,Modal Verbs,谓语,Predicator,补足语,Complement,附加语,Adjunct,12,that teapot,the,duke,has,given,to my,aunt last year,补足语,complement,主语,sunject,限定成分,finite,谓语,predicator,附加语,adjunct,剩余成分,residue,语气,mood,剩余成分,residue,13,Textual metafunction,语篇功能,语篇功能是指语言中有一种机制，可以将任何一段口头或书面的话语组织成连贯统一的篇章，使一个活的言语信息片段区别于一堆随机排列的句子。,主位,Theme,述位,Rheme,14,韩礼德认为，句子是概念意义、人际意义和语篇意义同步体现的产物。例如：,概念意义,ideational,物质过程,material,This house,Was,built,By John Smith,目标,goal:,受影响者,过程,process:,物质,material,参与者,participant:,有生命的,人际意义,interpersonal,陈述,declarative,语气,mood,剩余成分,residue,主语,subject,限定成分,finite,谓语,predicator,附加语,adjunct,语篇意义,textual,无标记主位,unmarked theme,主位,theme,述位,rheme,已知信息,given,新信息,new,Metafunctional Layering,15,系统网络,system networks,The metafunctional theory is part of the functional side of SFG, but it is also important in the systemic side of SFG. Each metafunction has a principal system in the networks for,clauses,verbal groups,and,nominal groups,.,These principal systems are shown in Figure below, taken from ,Matthiessen & Bateman 1991,.,16,Figure:,Principal systems,17,An important theoretical point is that in general, in the system networks, the systems,within,each metafunction are closely interconnected, but are largely independent of systems in the other metafunctions. System interconnections,across,metafunctions are,rare,.,18,言语角色,数,第一人称,第二人称,第三人称,单数,复数,人称,19,20,21,