英语音标讲解与练习

,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,英语国际音标,？,Ask and,answer,:,为什么,要,学习音标？,1.,发音准确，说地道的英语,2.,拼读法记忆单词,3.,提高学生的自主学习性，增加词汇量,4.,整体语感提高,音素和音标,1,什么是音素,：音素是语音的最小单位。,2,音素的分类,：元音和辅音。,3,音素的个数,：共,48,个，元音音素,20,个，辅,音音素,28,个。,4,什么是音标,：记录音素的符号叫做音标。,音标表（,48,个）,元音（,20,个）,单元音,/i:/,/:/,/u:/,/:/,/:/,/,/,/,/,/,/e/,/,双元音,/e/,/a/,/,/,/a/,/,/e/,/,辅音（,28,个）,清辅音,/p/,/t/,/k/,/f/,/,/s/,浊辅音,/b/,/d/,/g/,/v/,/,/z/,清辅音,/ts/,/,/t/,/tr/,/h/,浊辅音,/dz/,/,/d/,/dr/,/r/,鼻音,/m/,/n/,/,半元音,/w/,/j/,边音,/,元音,vowels,1. /i:/ /,/i:/,：,长元音，舌尖抵下齿，前舌尽量抬高，嘴唇向两旁伸开，成扁平 。流露出微笑表情，与,E,发音相同。,E.g. w,e,t,ea,cher sp,ea,k tr,ee,m,ee,t p,ie,ce,c,ei,ling, p,eo,ple,/,：,短元音，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部抬高，嘴型扁平，干净利落。,E.g. s,i,t p,i,g,m,i,n,u,te hap,p,y,mon,ey,Compare,it-eat 2. l,i,veleave,3. fillfeel 4. seatsit,5. treetrip 6. bitbee,7. sheepship 8. deeddid,9. liveleave 10. feedfit,11. peapit 12. ridread,13. streetstrict 14. sleepslip,2. /e/ /,/e/ :,短元音，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部抬高，牙床开得比,/i:/,宽，上下齿间可容纳一个食指。,E.g. b,e,d n,e,xt,b,e,t,ter,a,ny,m,a,ny h,ea,d ag,ai,n,/,/,：,短元音：舌尖抵下齿；舌前部稍抬高，双唇平伸，成扁平形。张开牙床直至上下齿之间容纳食指和中指的宽度。,E.g. m,a,p h,a,t b,a,d b,a,ck m,a,n h,a,nd,Compare,bet-bat 2. patpet,3. bagbeg 4. satset,5. neck-lack 6. sadsaid,7. badbed 8. daddead,9. ladled 10. fadfed,3. /:/ /,/:/,：,长元音，舌尖离开下齿；舌后部抬得比,/,略高。双唇也收得更圆更小，并需用力向前突出。,E.g. sm,al,l t,al,k h,al,l w,al,k,sh,or,t h,or,se f,or,ty flo,or,au,tumn c,au,ght d,au,ghter,w,ar,m,/,：,舌尖离开下齿；口张大，舌身压低并后缩。双唇稍稍收圆,。,E.g. l,o,st f,o,x l,o,t d,o,llar,w,a,nt w,a,sh w,a,tch,bec,au,se,Compare , ,pot-port 2. lotlord,3. notnorth 4. foxforks,5.shotshort 6. wokwalk,7. spotsport 8. cockcaught,4. /:/,(,/:/ ) /,/:/,(,/:/ ),长元音，上下齿微微张开，舌身平放，舌中部稍抬起,。,E.g. sh,ir,t sk,ir,t b,ur,n t,ur,tle,ear,n h,ear,d t,er,m,w,or,m w,or,ld,/,：,短元音，舌身平放，舌中部微微抬起。口腔自然放松发音。,E.g. rememb,er,farm,er,doct,or,act,or,delici,ou,s danger,ou,s doll,ar,t,o,gether t,o,day happ,e,n,eleph,a,nt banan,a,Chin,a,Compare, ,walk work,shortshirt,warmword,door-dirt,sore- sir,cause-curd,5. /u:/ /,/u:/,：,长元音，双唇比,/,收得更圆更小，向前突出，舌后部比,/,抬得更高。,E.g. o: d,o,sh,o,e wh,o,u: tr,u,e bl,u,e,oo: f,oo,d m,oo,n n,oo,n,/,：,短元音，舌尖离开下齿；舌身后缩。双唇收圆，稍向前突出。,E.g. oo: g,oo,d b,oo,k w,oo,d,ou: sh,ou,ld c,ou,ld,u: p,u,t p,u,sh,O: w,o,man,6. /:/ /,/:/,：,长元音，口张大，舌尖离开下齿，下巴放松，轻松发音。,E.g.,ar,m,ar,t h,ar,d,f,a,st l,a,st cl,a,ss,/,：,短元音，嘴唇微微张开伸向两边，舌尖轻触下齿，开口程度和,/,相似。,E.g. s,u,pper l,u,nch c,u,p,m,o,ther br,o,ther,ab,o,ve,tr,ou,ble bl,oo,d,Compare , a:,cut-cart 2. lucklark,3.duckdark 4. toughtask,5.mudmark 6. busbath,7. farfun 8. shutshark,/ ei /,：,双元音，口形由,/e/,向,/,滑动。与字母,A,发音相同。,E.g. l,a,ke g,a,me s,ay,ei,ght gr,ea,t,1. / ei / /u/ /ai/,/u/,：,双元音，由,/,和,/u/,两个单元音组成。与字母,O,的发音相同。,E.g.,g,o,th,o,se,hell,o,zer,o,g,oa,t,b,oa,t,/,ai/,：,双元音，先发,/a/,音，然后滑向,/i/,音。与字母,I,发音相同,。,E.g. h,i,gh,b,uy,five tr,y,2. /,/ /au/,/,/,：,双元音，由两个元音,/,和,/i/,构成。,E.g. t,oy,destr,oy,n,oi,se,p,oi,nt,/au/,：,发音时，由,/a/,滑向,/u/,，结束时双唇收圆稍向前突。,E.g.,ou,：,south cloud proud mouse round,ow： down cow how town,r,oa,d c,oa,t g,oa,t b,oa,t l,oa,d,c,o,ld sm,o,ke g,o,h,o,me h,o,pe,h,ow,ab,ou,t sh,ou,t c,ow,l,ou,d,m,ou,se gr,ou,nd h,ou,r cr,ow,n m,ou,th,Compare /u/ /au/,/i/,:,由,/i/,和,/,两个单音组成。前重后轻，双唇始终半开。,E.g.,eer,：,b,eer,d,eer,ea,：,id,ea,ear,：,ear,d,ear,n,ear,ere,：,h,ere,3. /i/ /e/,/u/,/e/,：,由,/e/,向,/,滑动，舌身稍向后 缩，口型由半开变为扁平。,E.g.,ear,：,p,ear,b,ear,are,：,c,are,h,are,air,：,ch,air,air,f,air,h,air,p,air,ere,：,th,ere,wh,ere,ch,eer,/u/,：,/u/,和,/,两个音组成，嘴唇从收圆到半开。,E.g.,oor: p,oor,ure: s,ure,音标练习,1.,找出下列没有相同发音的词。,( ) h,e,f,ee,t br,ea,d gr,ee,n,( ) p,i,g,i,s d,o,g sh,i,p,( ) thirtybird her food,( ) shebig in money,( ) sweets fish teacherwe,( ) teachersisteraboutgirl,( ) tigerfirstworkshirt,( ) treebeancleanchin,( ) fatherdoctorskirt china,( ) happyseasitpicture,2.,读音标写单词。,bi: b:d si: swi:t bizi h:,dkt sist li:f hi:,二找出下列没有相同发音的词。,( ) moonfood eat fruit,( ) truebookwoodlook,( ) foursmallwalk bird,( ) gotclockshopshirt,( ) busfootpush book,( ) lostball long ox,( ) rulerdog mooncake blue,( ) bigship horseit,二选出下列没有相同发音的词。,( ) 1. car arm food garden,( ) 2. true jump bus cut,( ) 3. bag short map flag,( ) 4. egg pen head small,( ) 5. got clock bell dog,( ) 6. rabbit book wood foot,( ) 7. rat bat apple ten,( ) 8. gun star duck moneg,三,.,写出单词或音标。,pa:st,ru:m swet sit,ft gt cp sh:t,bag car bus bread star head,四,.,选出下列每题中元音有几种读音,( ) 1. hat fast cook last,( ) 2. jeep door sun gum,( ) 3. dad cap hand map,( ) 4. star car cut from,( ) 5. skirt sheep bird her,五,.,改变下列单词的一个字母,使它变成另一个单词,like_(,交通工具,),hat _(,动物,),lake _(,食品,),nice _(,数字,),hot _(,用品,),well _(,用品,),二,.,选出下列没有发相同发音的词,( ) 1. cake egg rain May,( ) 2. kite cry broom fly,( ) 3. boy joy cat noise,( ) 4. blouse sun cow house,( ) 5. tower flower mouth arm,三,.,读音标,将下列单词补充完整或写出字母，单 词的音标。,klaud set kin kr:s,c_ _ _d s_ _ c_ _n cr_ _s,flg trein desk smail,f_ _g tr_ _n d_ _ _ s_ _le,二,.,选出下列没有相同发音的词。,( ) 1. mouth coat goat window,( ) 2. dear beer cake teacher,( ) 3. pair boy air hare,( ) 4. poor tour Europe cry,( ) 5. boat bike side fly,三,.,写出单词或音标。,nuz,said i kau pe,pu bt,wu:d,辅音,consonants,1. /p/ /b/,/p/,：,双唇紧闭，然后快速张开，让气流冲出口腔，发出爆破音，但声带不振动。,E.g.,p,ea dee,p,ti,p,/b/,：,/,b/,和,/p/,发音相似，双唇紧闭，然后快速张开，让气流冲出口腔，发出爆破音，但声带需振动。,E.g.,b,ee,b,eat,b,it,pb,p,ay -,b,ay,p,ear ,b,ear,p,en -,B,en,p,ig -,b,ig,pb,ca,p,- ca,b,la,p,- la,b,ta,p,- ta,b,ro,pe,- ro,be,2. /t/ /d/,/t/,：,舌尖抵上齿龈，憋住气，然后弹开舌尖，让气流从口腔中喷出，但声带不振动。,E.g. ea,t,bea,t,bi,t,t,ip,/d/,：,/d/,和,/t/,发音相似，舌尖抵上齿龈，憋住气，然后弹开舌尖，让气流从口腔中喷出，但声带需振动。,E.g.,d,eep,d,eal,d,o,td,t,own ,d,own,t,ie ,d,ie,t,ear ,d,ear,t,ouch ,D,utch,td,ben,t, ben,d,righ,t, ri,de,len,t, len,d,be,t, be,d,3. /k/,/g/,/k/,：,舌后部抵住软腭憋住气，然后突然离开，将气流送出，像咳嗽，但声带不振动。,E.g.,k,ey,k,id,k,ind,/g/,：,/g/,和,/k/,发音相似，舌后部抵住软腭憋住气，然后突然离开，将气流送出，像咳嗽，但声带需振动,E.g.,bi,g g,ive,eg,g g,et,kg,K,ate ,g,ate,c,ard ,g,uard,c,ould ,g,ood,c,oat ,g,oat,kg,pi,ck, pi,g,fla,k, fla,g,ba,ck, ba,g,Lo,ck, lo,g,两清辅音一起时，后一个清辅音变成浊辅音，或叫浊化,sp sb st sd sk sg,speak spit spy,study star start,sky school screen,4. /f/,/v/,/f/,：,上齿轻轻接触下唇，然后轻轻吹气，使气流从唇齿间通过，形成摩擦，但声带不振动。,E.g.,f,act,f,eet,f,at,/v/,：,/v/,和,/f/,发音相似，上齿轻轻接触下唇，然后轻轻吹气，使气流从唇齿间通过，形成摩擦，但声带需振动。,E.g.,gi,v,e,ha,v,e,v,ery,5. / /,/,：,舌尖微微伸出，上下齿轻轻咬住舌尖送气，声带不振动。,E.g.,ba,th th,ought,th,ank,/,：,口形与,/,相似，舌尖微微伸出，上下齿轻轻咬住舌尖送气，但声带需振动。,E.g.,th,an,th,at,th,ose,6. /s/,/z/,/s/,：,双唇微微张开，舌端靠近齿龈，舌头自然放松，气流从齿间送出，,但声带不振动。,E.g.,be,s,t,bu,s,/z/,：,/z/,口形与,/s/,，,双唇微微张开，舌端靠近齿龈，舌头自然放松，气流从齿间送出，但声带需振动。,E.g.,z,ero,z,oo,7. /,/,/,：,双唇收圆，并稍微突出，舌头稍微上卷，舌尖接近上齿龈送气，声带不振动。,E.g.,fla,sh sh,ow,sh,ine,/,：,口形与,/,相似，双唇收圆并稍微突出，舌头稍微上卷，舌尖接近上齿龈，但声带需振动。,E.g.,plea,s,ure,lei,s,ure,8. /t/,/d/,/t/:,双唇略微张开突出，舌尖抵住上齿龈，用力吐气，声带不振动。,E.g.,ch,arm,ch,ange,ch,eer,/d/:,和,/t/,发音相似，双唇略微张开突出，舌尖抵住上齿龈，用力吐气，但声带需振动。,E.g.,chan,ge j,ob,j,oke,9. /ts/,/dz/,/ts/:,舌尖先抵住上齿，堵住气流，使气流从舌尖和齿龈间送出，声带不振动。,E.g.,sea,ts,roo,ts,frui,ts,/dz/:,和,/ts/,发音相似，舌尖先抵住上齿龈，堵住气流，使气流从舌尖和齿龈间送出，但声带需振动。,E.g.,rea,ds,goo,ds,nee,ds,10. /tr/,/dr/,/tr/,:,双唇收圆向前突出，舌尖上翘抵住上齿龈，采取发,/r/,的姿势,，,声带不振动。,E.g.,tr,ain,tr,y,tr,uck,/dr/:,和,/tr/,的发音相似，双唇收圆向前突出，舌尖上翘抵住上齿龈，采取发,/r/,的姿势,，,声带需振动。,E.g.,dr,y,dr,eam,dr,ag,11. /m/ /n/ /,/m/:,双唇紧闭，舌头放平，气流从鼻腔送出，声带振动,E.g.,m,oney,roo,m m,orning,/n/:,双唇微开，舌尖抵上齿龈，气流从鼻孔出来，声带振动。,E.g.,n,eed,thi,n,mor,n,ing,/:,双唇张开，舌尖抵下齿龈，舌后部自然往上顶住，气流从鼻腔送出，声带振动。,E.g. youn,g,son,g,ton,gue,12. /h/,/,/r/,/,h/,嘴唇自然张开，自然呵气，声带不振动。,E.g.,h,ave,h,ill,h,appen,/,舌尖抵住上齿龈，舌尖轻微用力弯曲，气流从舌的旁边送出，声带振动。,E.g.,l,ove,l,ittle,l,etter,/r/,舌尖向上卷起，舌头不要接触任何部位，双唇稍微突出，声带振动。,E.g.,b,r,ead,r,ed,r,ush,light night right,lock knock rock,lot not rot,lead need read,lice nice rice,compare,:,13. /j/,/ w/,/j/:,嘴形成微笑状，舌尖抵住下齿，舌面贴住上颚，声带振动。,E.g.,y,ear,y,oung,y,ellow,/ w/:,双唇缩小并向前突出，舌后部抬起，嘴慢慢向两旁滑开，声带振动。类似,/u:/,E.g.,w,ait,w,atch,w,ater,音标练习,二,.,选出下列没有相同发音的词,( ) 1. pear ship coat pig,( ) 2. taxi bean cab cabbage,( ) 3. hat sea ticket wallet,( ) 4. seed dance hand full,( ) 5. pick pen sit pineapple,( ) 6. cold find door chair,( ) 7. cloth purple pool push,( ) 8. eat fan quiet set,三,.,写出单词或音标。,pnd kt di:p klaud,二,.,将下列没有相同发音的词找出来,( ) 1. car stay neck clock,( ) 2. gas give drive bag,( ) 3. sea boss rice cook,( ) 4. lick zoo rose zero,( ) 5. tears freeze desk busy,三,.,写出单词或音标。,rais,nuz sneik gra:s,glf gla:s kk ki:,二,.,选出下列具有相同发音的单词。,( )1. shell watch ship see,( ) 2. shell pleasure sick treasure,( )3. chair China Monkey dream,( )4. job gift door cabbage,( )5. grass chick start jeans,三,.,写出单词或音标。,d3,m,pi:t ip w,二,.,将下列没有相同发音的词找出来,( ) 1. foot knife pick fish,( ) 2. window move vote vase,( ) 3. three fan thousand thin,( ) 4. father them brother watch,( ) 5. finish van fool fat,三,.,写出单词或音标。,br,keid3 vest he,kk ti: zi:p la:f,四,.,选出下列每题中有几种读音。,( ) 1. foot room leaf vase,( ) 2. vest five like love,( ) 3. ship pea pick hike,( ) 4. thumb cut brother mother,( ) 5. they thin maths mouth,二,.,选出下列选项中具有相同发音的两个单词。,1. dream shoes drink popcorn,2. truck thirsty bath trash,3. beds pets words gates,4. birds boots rats friends,5.drug drain rain dish,三,.,写出单词或音标。,draiv,trein wuds kaits,tr, dr: guts ,frendz,语音的基本常识,1,、音节的划分,一个单词的音标中有几个元音就有几个音节。,2,、重读音节,任何双音节或多音节单词的音标中，有重读音节和非重读音节 ，哪一个音节重读，该音节的左上方或该音节的元音上方标有重读符号,“,”,。,3,、浊化音,以,sp_, st_, sk_,开头的单词中，清辅音,/p/ /t/ /k/,分别要发浊辅音,/b/ /d/ /g/,。,4,、定冠词,the,的读音,e.g. the man,cf. the old man,