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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Grammar,说明,本章内容可用两种学习方法。,1.学习时鼠标点击空白处学习。,2.可用点击图标学习，例如，可点击,来进行学习。,3.图标 是供奥班学生或有能力的学生学习。,Attributive clause,(,限制性定语从句,),先行词和关系词,定语从句,关系代词如何引导定语从句,关系代词的使用方法,定语从句中需注意事项,附加部分,习题,定语,可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、,分词,、,不定式,、,介词短语,等来担任，修饰名词。(以分词、介词短语为例）,例：,The girl,behind the tree,is Kate.,The man,driving too fast,was a drunk.,定语从句,在英语中，修饰,名词,或,代词,的,句子,叫定语从句。,例：,The girl,who is behind the tree,is Kate.,The man,who was driving too fast,was a drunk.,先行词和关系词,先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,。,关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词,。,先行词、关系词/引导词,对等 ,代替,That is the,bike,which,my father bought for me.,先行词,关系词,bike,关系词的作用：既引导定语从句，又在定 语从句中充当某种成分。,关系代词如何引导定语从句,普通代词与关系代词的区别,I have a sister,.,She,works in Shanghai.,代替,sister,I have,a sister,who/that,works in Shanghai.,普通代词,：,只起代替的作用（如上例,she),关系代词,：,（如上例,who/which,）,1. 除了,代替,先行词外，,担任,一定的,成分,，,3. 同时,连接,先行词与它引导的定语从句。,（把主句和从句连起来）,说明如下,The building,is our school.,+,The building stands by the river.=,The building,which/that,stands by the river is our school.,先行词,关系词 从句,which、that,是关系代词，它在从句中代替先行词,the building,同时担任从句中的主语，也起连词的作用，把两个简单句连接 起来。,关系代词的使用取决于先行词，它们的关系非常密切，因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的 人称、数必须和先行词一致。,The woman,that/who,is,speaking at the meeting,is,my mother.,(主句) The woman,is,my mother,(从句) The woman,is,speaking at the meeting,.,主语是单数,The women,that/who,are,speaking at the meeting,are,famous scientists.,(主句)The women,are,famous scientists.,(从句)The women,are,speaking at the meeting.,主语是复数,关系词,判 断 步 骤 :,首先，要辨别出先行词。 如果先行词是指人,关系词可能就用,who,that,whom,whose。,如果先行词指物,关系词可能用,which,或,that,然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表,先行词,主格,宾格,所有格,人,who,that,who(m),that,whose,物,which,that,which,that,whose,of which,最后，要确定关系代词的人称和数(请看以上例句),注意,定语从句的时态不受主句的限制。,.,The woman,who/that,spoke,at the meeting yesterday,is,my,mother.,(,主句),The woman is my mother.(,叙述客观事实用一般现在时,),(从句),The woman(who/that) spoke at the meeting yesterday.,(,句中,yesterday,表示过去时间,),定语从句的辨认（,思考步骤）,找出先行词,a.,确定在从句中关系代词的人称、数和性。,b.,确定定语从句的位置,确定关系代词在从句中的成分以确定关系代词的格,确定从句的时态 （定语从句的时态都不受主句的限制）,关系代词的使用方法,定语从句常用的关系代词有：,that 、who(m)、whose、which,等。,that,多指物，在从句中作主语或作动词的宾语,。,（,that/which,作宾语时可省.）,1),A plane is a,machine,that,can fly.,A plane is a,machine,which,can fly.,2),Who was hurt in the,accident,that,happened yesterday?,Who was hurt in the,accident,which,happened yesterday?,3),Have you found the,bike,that,you lost?,Have you found the,bike,which,you lost?,Have you found the,bike,省略,you lost?,2. which,指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。作主语不可省略;作宾语可以省略。,(,which,与,that,指物时可以互相代替，,that,更常见。）,1),His father works in a,factory,that,makes TV sets.,His father works in a,factory,which,makes TV sets.,2),The,film,that,we saw,last night was very wonderful.,The,film,which,we saw,last night was very wonderful.,The,film,省略,we saw last night was very wonderful.,3. who,指人(既它的先行词必须是人),在从句中作主语或宾语。但,whom,是宾格,只能作宾语。(,thatwho,whom,可作主语或宾语),1),The,girls,who werent,badly hurt in the accident,are,my,classmates.,The,girls,that werent,badly hurt in the accident,are,my,classmates.,2),He knew the,teacher,who,we met yesterday.,He knew the teacher,whom,we met yesterday.,He knew the teacher (,that),we met yesterday.,4.whose,是代词的所有格形式, 它既可以代人也可以代物。,I saw a,woman,.,Her bag,was stolen .,I saw a,woman,whose bag,was stolen.,Ill call a person.,His,father knows you.,Ill call a,person,whose father,knows you.,Please show me the,book,.,Its,cover is red.,Please show me the,book,whose cover,is red.,I cant find the,house,.,My,friend lives in it.,I cant find the,house,whose friend,lives in it.,1),This is the,hero,( whom),we are proud of.,This is the hero,of whom,we are proud .,This is the hero,(that),we are proud of .,2),She is the,girl,whom,I went with there.,She is the girl,with,whom,I went there.,She is the girl,that,I went with there.,She is the girl,省略,I went with there.,注意,:,固定动介词组不可分割,介词不能提前.例如:,look after,look at ,关系代词与介词,介词放在关系代词的前面时,介词宾语只能用,which,代物,和,whom,代人,。,(介词在末尾时,关系词可以省略),3 ),The,room,(that),I live in is very big.,The,room,(,which),I live in is very big.,The,room,in which,I live is very big.,The,room,where,I live is very big.,4).,I want to find the,pen,(that),I wrote the letter with.,I want to find the,pen,(which,),I wrote the letter with.,I want to find the,pen,with which,I wrote the letter.,Here are the picture-books,that the children are looking for,.,Here are the picture-books,which the children are looking for,.,Here are the picture-books,the children are looking for.,定语从句中需注意事项,有些情况下只用关系词,that,而不宜用,which,1.,从句所修饰的词又被,形容词最高级,或,序数词,修饰时,只能用,that,引导从句.,This is the most interesting story,( that ),I have ever heard.,The first meeting,( that),we will take part in will be held in the,afternoon.,2.,先行词是,all,something,nothing,anything,不定代词,时,只能用,that.,Here is something,( that),I will tell you.,Not all,that,glitters is gold.,3.,先行词既有,人,也有,物,时,只能用,that,引出从句,I can remember well the persons and some pictures,(that),I see.,one of,the one, 或用little,few, no, all,any 作修饰，用that,Is it the one,that,you want ?,We havent got much,that,we can offer you.,5.,当,主句,已有,疑问词,who,或,which,时，关系词用,that,Which is the bike,that,you lost?,Who is the woman,that,was praised at the meeting?,从,例句中看出，,who、that,在许多情况下可以,通用,，但,有时宜用,用,who,而,不用,that,1.,先行词是,one(s),anyone,someone,those,时，关系词使用,who,Those,who,want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.,One,who,has nothing to fear oneself dares to tell the truth.,2.,在,there be,句型中，先行词指人,关系词用,who,There is an old man,who,wants to see you.,There are many young men,who,are against him.,附加部分,关系副词,关系副词,是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系代词一样，具有 数种作用。,在从句中代替先行词。,在句中,作状语,。,连接作用，把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的复合句。,关系副词,有,三种,：,where:,在从句中作,地点状语,指代地点. ( on/in/atwhich)=that,when:,在从句中作,时间状语,指代时间。(on/ inwhich)=that,why:,在从句中作,原因状语,指代原因。 =that,关系副词的用法：,1.,where,的用法：(先行词应是地点名词）,The hotel,wasn,t clean.,+,We stayed,=The,hotel,where,we stayed,wasn,t clean.,The,hotel,at which,we stayed,wasn,t clean.,The,hotel,which,we stayed at,wasn,t clean,The,hotel,关系词略,we stayed at,wasn,t clean .,at the hotel.,We stayed,there.,先行词,关系词,从句,从句,共有五个不同的句子来表达。,2.when的用法：,（,先行词应是表示时间的名词）,Ill never forget the day.,+,I joined the League on that day.,Ill never forget,the day,that,I joined the League.(口语),Ill never forget,the day,on which,I joined the League .,Ill never forget,the day,when,I joined the League.,从句,3.why的用法：,( 表示原因的名词),The,reason,why,Im calling you,is to invite you to a party.,The,reason,that,Im calling you is to invite you to a party,The,reason,Im calling you is to invite you to a party,略,在口语中,关系副词where、when、why 常被that 代替,也可省略。,Exerc ses,I.Rewrite the sentences,II.Choose the best answers,I.,把下列单句合并成含有定语从句的复合句.,1.The little girl was crying on the street.Her money had been stolen.,2.The colour of the bike is green.Have you seen the bike?,3.The student didnt agree with us.The student was standing under the tree.,4.Where is the man? The man talked with you just now.,5.The watch is very nice. He gave me the watch for my birthday.,6.The book is very interesting. You lent it to me yesterday.,7.The teacher is our English teacher. You saw her on the playground.,The little girl,whose money had been stolen,was crying on the street,.,Have you seen the bike,whose colour is green.,The student,who was standing under the tree,didnt agree with,us,.,Where is the man,who talked with you just now?,The watch,(that) he gave me for my birthday,is very nice.,The book,( that/which) you lent me yesterday,is very interesting.,The teacher,(who/that)you saw on the playground,is our English teacher,8.,The letter is from my friend. I received it yesterday.,9.,Im reading a book. Its name is “Who Moved My Cheese”,10.He works in a school. There is a big store near it.,11.He used to live in a house.In front of it grew many apple trees.,12.This is the room. We lived in it last year.,13.The children are very healthy. She is looking after them.,14.I know the boy.He can speak English well.,The letter,(that/which) I received yesterday,is from my friend.,Im reading a book,whose name is “Who Moved My Cheese”,He works in a school,near which there is a big store .,This is the room,(that/which)we lived in last year,.,This is the room,in which /where we lived last year.,The children,(who/that)she is looking after them,are very healthy.,I know the boy,who/that can speak English well,He used to live in a house,in front of which grew many apple trees,15.The season is summer.It comes after spring.,16.The man was American.I spoke to him yesterday.,17.I cant find the house.My friend lives in it.,18.I know the boy.You are looking for him.,19.This is the town.He was born in the town.,20.We arrived here on the day.Do you remember it?,The season,which comes after spring,is summer.,The man,(whom /that)I spoke to yesterday,was American.,The man,to whom I spoke yesterday,was American.,I cant find the house,(which /that) my friend lives in,.,I cant find the house,in which /where my friend lives.,I know the boy,(whom/who/that) you are looking for.,This is the town,(which/that) he was born in.,This is the town,in which/where he was born.,Do you remember the day,( that/which) we arrived here on,?,Do you remember the day,on which we arrived here?,Do you remember the day,when we arrived here,?,II.,单项选择。,1.,This is the job _they laughed at.,A.which,2. Beihai Park is a beautiful park_built about 300 years ago.,3. Who was the grey-haired man _at yesterdays meeting?,A.we saw him B.we saw C.we saw who D.she was seen,4. The man _is painting the house is my uncle.,A.he B.whom,5. What is the animal _baby is sleeping in its pocket?,A.who B.whose,6. This book is for the students _native language isnt English.,A.that B.of whom,C.whose D.whos,7. The robbers shouted, “Hands up!Ill shoot anyone _moves!”,8.The dictionary_he paid 50 yuan for is very useful.,A.which B.for which C.on which D.about which,9The boy_parents died two years ago lives with his grandpa now.,A.whose B.who C.his D/,10.The man_is smoking is a tailor. A.whom B.who C.which D.what _,A,C,B,D,B,C,C,A,A,B,11Which animal is your favourite? The one _has a long neck.,12.Is this the factory _produces colour TV sets? A.what,13.The high building _is a big hotel.,A.that he is looking B.which he is looking,C.we are looking at D.at that we are looking,14Is there anyone _,15.In the afternoon well visit the high school _is very famous here.,A.which B.where C.it D./,16.The fox _ the chickens were killed was shot.,A.that B.which C.for that D.by which,17.The computer _can store a lot of information is widely used today.,A.in which B.that C.with which,18.Is this the bookstore_you visited yesterday?,A.that B.where C.in which D.the one,19.Yesterday they saw the man and the dog _ran after each other on the road.,A.who B.which C.that,20.Shanghai is the place in _he was born.,A.which,B,C,C,C,A,D,B,A,C,A,21.,Do you know the man _is painting the house?,Of course.Hes my uncle. A. whom B.who,22.The hospital _was built last year will open soon.,A.where B.which C.who D./,23.This is the elephant _left ear was shot.,24.The hospital _his father works in is a new one.,26.The man _watch was stolen is talking to the police.,27The knife_I cut the apple_cant be found.,A.which,in B.which ,with C.that ,by D.that ,for,28.Who has taken the dictionary_ cover is broken ？,A.which B.that C.who D.whose,29.Who is the girl to _you just now talked ？,30.This is the book_Im looking for.,A./ B.which C.that D.all the above,B,B,D,A,D,B,D,B,D,31This is the only book _I bought last year.,A.which B.that C.what D.Both A and B,32.All_Im going to do is good. A.that B.which C.what D.Both A and B,33.The building_ roof we can see is a hospital.,A.whose B.which C.whos D.at which,34.This is the best book_I have read.,A .that B. which C.what D.Both A and B,35.This is the school_ I worked seven years ago.,A.in which B.in that C.which D. that,36.All the books_I put on the desk are yours.,A.that B.which C.what D.Both A and B,37.Its quite different from_I saw last mouth.,A.which B.the one C that D. the one what,38.Is this the river_I can swim? A.which B.that C.in which D.the one,39.Watch the old lady and her dog_are crossing the street.,A. which B. that C .who,40.Can you lend me the dictionary_the other day?,A.that you bought B.you bought it C.that you bought it D.which you bought it,B,A,A,A,A,A,B,C,B,A,41.The church _we saw by the river was built a century ago.,A.where B.which C.what D.in which,42.Do you know who is living in that house _windows face south?,A.whose B.which C which of,43.Anyone _with what I said may put up you hands.,A. which agrees B.who agree C.who agrees D.which agree,44This is the last time _Ill give you a lesson.,A.when B.that C.what,45.I dont think the number of people_ this happens is very large.,A.who B.to whom C.to which,46.Here is the dress_in the shop window.,A.You saw it B.that you saw it C.that saw it D.you saw,47.I was the only person in my office_was invited.,A.who B.whom C which,48.The man _hair is yellow is the thief. A.who B.whose C.that,49.This is the most beautiful bird _I have ever seen.,A.which B .that,50.The person to_you talked is our maths teacher.,A.which B.whose C.that D. whom,B,A,C,A,B,B,D,B,B,D,根据汉语完成句子：,1.,This is the engineer_,(,给我们作关于计算机报告的),the other day.,2,.,My necklace is not _,(,唯一不见的东西）,3.,The man_,(,在这间房子里工作的),is a chemist.,4.The old building_,(,我们住的),has been here for 30 years.,5.The history book _,(,封皮是黄的）,was lost.,6.Her is the pen _,_(,你昨天丢失的）,7.,This is the best book_,(,我读过的）,8.,I have lost the pen_,（,我父亲给我买的）,9.,Wheat is a plant _,（,中国北方,种植的）,10.,I dont like the people_,(,说得多可,做得少的）,who gave us a talk about computers,the only thing thats missing,who works in the room,(that/which) we live in,whose cover is yellow,(that)you lost yesterday.,(that) I have read,(which/that) my father bought me,which/that is grown in the north of China,who talk too much but do little,猜猜看,下面的句子明白了吗?,1.不懂装懂，一事无成.,He,who knows nothing but pretends to know,everything,is indeed a good-for nothing.,2.甘当小绵羊，迟早要喂狼,.,He,that makes himself a sheep,shall be eaten by the wolf,.,3.万事开头难,Its the first,step,that costs.,4.千里之行，始于足下。,He,who would climb that ladder,must begin at the bottom,.,5.自满的人腹中空.,He,who is full of himself,is very empty,.,6.闪光的未必都是金子,Not,all,that glitters,is gold.,Have fun,进入,课文,学习,
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