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,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,*,第三篇语法知识专题,遵义中考导学（英语）,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第三篇语法知识专题,第一节名词,/,名词所有格,名词,(,一,),名词的分类：名词是表示人或事物名称的词。它分为专有名词和普通名词。,类别,定义,例词,专有名词,表示具体的人名，事物，地名，组织等名称的词。,China,，,the Great Wall,普通名词,可数,个体名词,表个别人或事物的名称,teacher,，,apple,集体名词,表若干人或事物的名称,family,，,police,不可数,物质名词,表物质或材料的名称,water,，,bread,抽象名词,表感情等抽象概念的名称,love,，,knowledge,1,(二)名词的数： 名词按事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。,1可数名词：有复数；单数前加a/an。,2不可数名词：无复数；不能用a, an 修饰。,(1)可数名词复数形式的不规那么变化,情况,构成方法,例词,特殊,名词,变内部元音,manmen,，,womanwomen,，,footfeet,，,toothteeth,单复数同形,Chinese,，,Japanese,，,sheep,，,deer,，,fish,(,中国人和日本人喜爱绵羊、鹿和鱼,),完全不规则,pennypence,，,childchildren,，,mousemice,2,国人变复数口诀：中日不变英法变，其余一般,s,加后面。,China,Chinese,Chinese,Japan,Japanese,Japanese,England,Englishman,Englishmen,France,Frenchman,Frenchmen,Germany,German,Germans,America,American,Americans,Australia,Australian,Australians,India,Indian,Indians,Canada,Canadian,Canadians,Italy,Italian,Italians,Brazil,Brazilian,Brazilians,Singapore,Singaporean,Singaporeans,Korea,Korean,Koreans,3,(2)可数名词复数形式的规那么变化,情况,构成方法,例词,(,口诀,),以,f,或,fe,结尾,一般变,f, fe,为,v,再加,-es,树叶,(leaf),半数,(half),自己,(self),黄，妻子,(wife),拿刀,(knife),去杀狼,(wolf),，架,(shelf),后小偷,(thief),逃命,(life),忙。,以,o,结尾,四个单词加,-es,，,其余加,-s,英雄,(hero),和黑人,(Negro),喜欢吃西红柿,(tomato),和土豆,(potato),以辅音字母,y,结尾,变,y,为,i,再加,-es,babybabies,，,citycities,，,dictionarydictionaries(monkeymonkeys“,元音字母,y”,直接加,s),以,s,，,x, ch,，,sh,等结尾,加,-es,busbuses,，,boxboxes,，,watchwatches,，,wishwishes,一般情况,加,-s,bookbooks,，,tabletables,4,(3)不可数名词：分为抽象名词和物质名词，表数量时要用“基数词或不定冠词量词of不可数名词，注意of后的名词只能用原形。如：a piece of news, two pieces of bread。,物质,名词,食物,bread,，,meat,，,rice,，,cheese,，,fish,，,beef,饮料,water,，,tea,，,coffee,，,wine,，,milk,，,cola,自然物质,wood,，,sand,，,soil,，,air,抽象名词,情感,friendship,，,peace,，,joy,，,love,概念,news,，,population,学科，语言,maths,，,physics,，,geography,，,English,5,名词的形容词转换：,n,y,rain,rainy,cloud,cloudy,sun,sunny,luck,lucky,health,healthy,n,ful,use,useful,harm,harmful,beauty,beautiful,care,careful,wonder,wonderful,thank,thankful,n,less,useless,care,careless,help,helpless,n,ly,friend,friendly,love,lovely,month,monthly,n,n,Asia,Asian,America,American,Australia,Australian,n,en,wool,woolen,wood,wooden,gold,golden,6,(,三,),名词考点,1,集体名词：,family,，,people,，,crowd,，,class,，,police,(1),指整体时，视为单数，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。,(2),指成员时，视为复数，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。,Her family,is,(be) very big.,她家是一个大家庭。,Her family,are,(be) football fans.,她全家人都是足球迷。,7,2man，woman 作定语修饰名词时，当表示复数意义时，man, woman 及所修饰的名词均要用复数形式。如：men teachers，women teachers。其余只有后一个名词用复数如：boy students，girl students, apple trees。,3短语“a/this/that pair of 复数名词作主语时，动词用单数。,How much is (be) this pair of shoes?,That pair of pants is (be )mine.,4“名词介词(with/except.)名词作主语时，谓语动词的数由介词前的名词决定。,Lucy with her friends goes (go) to the park every Sunday.,8,5表时间、金钱、距离的名词作主语时，视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数。,Ten years is (be) a very long time.,6常考的不可数名词,roomspace 空间；空地,There is no room to put the desk here.,news，information，advice，weather，music，pollution, population.,7exercise 作不可数名词，意为“锻炼。作可数名词意为“练习；操。,We should take more exercise.Its good for our health.,Doing more eye exercises is good for our eyesight.,To get high scores we should do many math exercises every day.,9,名词所有格,(,一,),名词所有格表示人或物的隶属和所有关系，有两种表示形式：,1,有生命的名词后加,-s,。,2,无生命的名词后加,of,介词短语。,类型,构成方法,例词,有生命的名词,(,人或动物,),在词尾加,-s,Tonys pen,以,-s,结尾的名词只加,-,the students textbooks Teachers Day,不规则复数名词在词尾加,-s,Womens Day Childrens Day,两人共同拥有某物用,A and Bs,Lucy and Lilys mother,两人分别拥有某物用,As and Bs,Lucys and Lilys beds,无生命的名词,时间、距离,在词尾加,-s,或,-,twenty minutes walk,todays newspaper,其他,用“,of,名词”结构,a photo of my family,双重所有格,of,-s,所有格,a friend of her mothers,of,名词性物主代词,a friend of mine,10,(,二,),名词所有格考点,1,表几十分钟的路程的短语：,ten minutes walk,a ten,minute walk,2,双重所有格和一般所有格的区别：,a photo of my sisters (,照片属于我姐姐，但照片上的人不一定是我姐姐,),；,a photo of my sister (,照片上的人是我姐姐,),3,名词所有格表住宅，学校，店铺，诊所,(,这些名词常省略,),the Green,s,格林一家,at the doctor,s,在诊所,11,考点一名词的分类,1(2021中考改编)The students didnt find much_about the topic on that website.(),A. reportB article C information,2(2021中考改编)Look at my stamps.,They are very beautiful! Youve got a wonderful_.(),A. instruction B description C collection,3(2021中考改编)My favorite TV_is A Bite of China(舌尖上的中国),I like it, too. My mother often cooks delicious food after watching it.(),A. guidebook B program C instruction,C,C,B,12,4(2021中考改编)Someone called you just now.,I know. But I was busy at that time. When I called back, there was no _.,(),A. voice B soundC answer,5(2021中考改编)He will have to watch his _because of his serious stomach problem.(),A. styleB diet C smell,6(2021中考改编)The Chinese saying “A tree cant make a forest tells us that_ is very important in a football match.(),AabilityB decision C teamwork,C,B,C,13,7(2021中考改编)A study shows that good habits play a very important_ in childrens education.,I think so.(),A. senseB partC reason,8(2021中考改编)There are a lot of_of bike riding.,I agree. Its good for the environment and it saves money.(),AinstructionsBinstrumentsCadvantages,B,C,14,考点二名词的数,1(2021中考改编)Mum, Ive heard that we cant eat_these days. Is it true?,Take it easy. It is safe to eat cooked meat.(),A. chickens B chickenC a chicken,2(2021中考改编)I have great_in finishing the work by myself. Can you help me?,No problem.(),A. funB successC difficulty,B,C,15,3(2021中考改编)At night in Zunyi, we can see many colorful lights on both_of the streets. (),A. sidesB sideC sides,4(2021中考改编)Im happy to see great_have taken place in my hometown. Many new roads have been built. (),A. experiencesB changesC dreams,5(2021中考改编)Being honest is the first_if you want to make friends with others.(),A. stepB timeC hand,A,B,A,16,考点三名词所有格,1(2021中考改编)Toms watch is the same as his_.(),A. brotherB brothersC brothers,2(2021中考改编)Why did they help Mrs.Brown with her work?,Because she was _.(),Aan old friend of them,Ba good friend of theirs,Cthe friend of them,C,B,17,3(2021中考改编)I dont think doing housework is just_work. (),A. womanB womens C women,4(2021中考改编)_mother isnt at home, and she has traveled aboard.,(),A. Alice and LilysB. Alices and LilysC. Alices and Lily,5(2021中考改编) How far is it from here to the police station?, Its about_ride. (),A. forty minuteB. forty minutesC. forty minutes,6(2021中考改编)_ fathers cant go to the class meeting because they have gone to business.(),A. Jack and MikesB. Jacks and MikesC. Jacks and Mike,B,A,C,B,18,advice,exercise,sports,Eight,-,year,-,old,French,Germans,C,A,C,C,C,A,19,第三篇语法知识专题,第八节副词,(,一,),副词的功能：修饰动词、形容词或副词,功能,例子,修饰动词,The boy runs quickly.,修饰形容词,The story is really interesting.,修饰副词,You can do it quite well.,(,二,),副词的种类,副词分类,例子,时间副词,soon, now, early, finally, once, recently,频度副词,always, usually, often, frequently, seldom, hardly, never,地点副词,here, nearby, outside, upwards, above,疑问副词,how, where, when, why,方式副词,hard, well, fast, slowly, excitedly, really,连接副词,how, when, where, why, whether, however,，,meanwhile,程度副词,almost, nearly, very, fairly, quite, rather,关系副词,when, where, why,(,三,),副词考点,感官动词,feel,，,sound,，,look,，,smell,，,taste,等后跟形容词，不用副词。,This piece of music sounds well.,(,错题，应把,well,改为,good),考点一副词分类及用法,1(2021中考改编) In China it is a custom to give kids lucky money，_ during the Spring Festival.(),AfinallyBluckilyCespecially,2(2021中考改编)If you dont work_enough，I dont think your dream will come_.(),Ahardly; trulyBhardly; trueChard; true,3(2021中考改编) I_go to the theater，because I dont like operas at all.,(),AalwaysBoftenCnever,C,C,C,4(2021中考改编) How_the children are playing！They even forget the time to go home! (),AhappyBhappilyCunhappy,5(2021中考改编) Sometimes it rains_in Xian in summer.(),AheavyBheavilyCstrongly,B,B,考点二副词的比较等级,1(2021中考改编) In the piano contest，my brother didnt play well and I did_.(),Avery wellBmuch betterCeven worse,2(2021 中考改编) Did Kate do best in the final exam?,No，but of all the students she did_.(),Athe most carefulBmore carefulCmost carefully,3(2021 中考改编) What do you think of Toms speaking?,No one does_in our class.(),AgoodBbetterCwell,C,C,B,4(2021 中考改编) Which do you like_，tea，coffee or juice?,Coffee.(),AgoodBbetterCbest,5(2021 中考改编) Study hard!_you study，_ results youll get.,(),AHarder; better,BThe harder; better,CThe harder; the better,C,C,B,excited,A,hardly,B,much,B,really,C,true,
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