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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,Unit2English around the world,1. voyage n.航行，航海,辨析：voyage/journey/travel/trip/tour,【解释】,voyage: 去国外或较远地方的海上旅行,journey: 指较远的从一地到另一地旅行,travel: 一系列的旅程，尤指旅行的概念,trip: (短途)旅行,tour: 为了公务、娱乐或教育参观多处名胜的旅行,【即境活用】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空,1). It is tiring to take a long _ by train from Paris to Moscow.,2). The _ from England to Australia used to take several months.,3). Well have time for a _ to France next weekend.,4). We went on a guided _ round the castle.,答案:1). journey 2). voyage 3). trip 4). Tour,2 base vt。 以为根据 n.基部；基地；基础,（1）base sth. on /upon sth. 以.为基础（或根据）,base sb./sth./onself in 以.为据点（或总部等）把（总部等）设在,（2）the base of a column/glass/pyramid 柱基/玻璃背底/金字塔底座,a military/ naval base 军事，海军基地,（3）based adj （以某事）为基础/根据,baseless adj. 没有根据的；无缘无故的,basement n. 地下室, What are you basing this theory on?,你这种理论的根据是什么？, They decided to base the new company in New York.,他们决定将新成立的公司总部设在纽约。, The town is an ideal base for touring the area.,这个镇子是在这一地区旅游观光的理想地点。,温馨提示：base.on/upon 常用其被动结构be based on/upon 以。为基础,即境活用：Without facts,we cant form a worthwhile opinion for we need to have factual knowledge our thinking.,Awhich to be based on B which to base upon,C upon which to base D to which to be based,【解析】选C，动词base的用法是：base A on /upon B,把A建立在B的基础上，句意为：没有事实，我们不能形成一个有真正价值的意见，因为我们需要有确凿的了解作为我们思考的依据,3. frequent adj.频繁的，常见的,辨析：frequent/common/ordinary/general/regular,【解释】,frequent经常的，时间或间歇很短的发生或出现,common 通常的、常发生的、广泛使用或众所周知的,ordinary指种类普通且不能从其他中加以区别的，有时含贬义,general一般性的，到处的；不限于领域、地区或应用,regular平常的；惯例的；习惯性的、通常的或正常的,【即境活用】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空,1). This is a _ problem.,2). He often makes _ errors of judgment.,3)Look at the trains _ schedule.,4)The violinist gave a very _ performance marked by an occasional memory lapse.,5)As a _ rule I am home by six.,答案:1). common2). frequent 3). regular 4). ordinary 5). General,mand n.C命令，指令；U掌握,Vt.命令，指挥，支配。博得，赢得, The police arrived and took command of the situatio,n.,警察到达后就控制了局面, Applicants will be expected to have a command of English.,申请人必须精通英语, The,commission intervented and command,ed,that,the,work on the building,(should),cease.,委员会进行了干预，下令那栋大楼必须停建,辨析request， command和order,request要求，请求，语气比其他两项委婉；order和command在用法上很相似，command和order都有“命令”之意,都可以接名词、从句作宾语，接不定式作宾语补足语，接从句时从句要用虚拟语气。,command 指权威方面正式下令，主要用于军事场合,The general commanded his men to attack the city.,将军命令士兵攻城。,order执行任务或掌权者发布命令时使用，为常用词，可用于正式或非正式场合。,The police officer ordered that I should get out of the car.,警察命令我从汽车里出来,【即境活用】The newly founded chess club formally_ us to attend the opening ceremony.,A. requested B. Required C. demanded D. commanded,【解析】A 考查request sb. to do sth. BCD语气强硬，按照句意A符合,5. request n.&vt 请求；要求, He was there at the request of his manager.,他按经理的要求到了那里。, She requested that no one (should )be told of her decision.,她要求不要向任何人谈起她的决定。, You are requested not to smoke in the restaurant.,请不要在餐馆里吸烟。,即境活用：This is his only request that the room after being used .,A be cleaned B would be cleaned,C is cleaned D will be cleaned,【解析】选A.request 用作名词，后接同位语从句时，从句谓语用（should）+动词原形,6. recognize vt. 辨认出；承认, Drugs were not recognized to be/as a serious problem then .,那时候还没有把毒品看成严重问题, It was recognized that this solution could only be temporary.,人们意识到这只是个临时的解决方案, The book is now recognized as a classic.,这本书现在是一部公认的经典著作,7. block vt. 堵塞；阻碍n. 街区；木块；石块,典例,1). He lives three blocks away from here.,他住的地方与此处相隔三条街.,2). A large crowd blocked the corridors and exits.,人群把走廊和出口都堵死了,重点用法,a block of 一大块,block out 堵住,block off 封锁；封闭,block up 堵塞；阻碍,【即境活用】中译英,1). 他们在绕楼群散步。,_,2). 大雪阻塞了所有通往苏格兰的道路。,_,答案:,1). They are taking a walk round the block.,2). Heavy snow is blocking all roads into Scotland.,1. because of,because of 因为，由于（为复合介词，后接名词或代词）。,He had to retire because of ill health.,他因为健康状况不佳，所以不得不退休,【拓展延伸】 because, as, since, for都表示原因，但意义不同,because直接原因，语气最强。回答why提出的问题只能用because。在强调句型中，也只能用because。,as 用于解释做某事的原因，语气较弱，通常位于主句前。,since 表示的原因是指众所周知的事实，意思“既然”。语气比because弱。通常位于主句前，并常与as换用,for 并列连词，连接并列分句，表示一种补充说明，是推测或判断的理由，语气较弱,Because 接从句，because of接名词，代词，动名词, Liu Xiang gave up the competition because of his injury.,刘翔因伤放弃了比赛, The game was cancelled owing to heavy rain.,比赛因大雨取消了,The teams success was largely due to her efforts.,这个队的成功在很大程度上是她努力的结果, It was a great success thanks to a lot of hard work.,由于尽心竭力才获得了巨大的成功。,2. come up,(1)（人）走近；靠近,He came up smiling to me,他微笑着向我走来,(2)（太阳，月亮）升起,The sky was dark blue and clear when the moon came up.,月亮出来时，天空是深蓝色的，非常晴朗,(3)出席；出现,I came up for interview but didnt get the job.,我到场接受了面议，但并没得到工作,(4)发芽；长出,New shoots of bamboo will come up from around the roots of the old ones.,从老（竹）竿的根周围又会长出新的幼芽（竹笋）来,【拓展延伸】,Come up with (针对问题等)提出，想出，提供,Come about 发生,come across 邂逅,come at 攻击，向扑来,come from 出身于,come out 出版；开花,come to 达到；苏醒；谈到,come after 跟在后面,come along 一起来，过来,come down 下来，败落,come on 加油，跟我来，进行，进展,come in 进来,【即境活用】,He_to Beijing days ago; and he will work for months as a visiting professor in Beijing University.,A. come up B. camp up C. went down D. leaves for,【答案】B 考查动词短语的辨析。come up to 此处意思是“到达-”符合题意。时态与ago保持一致。,3. make use of 利用；使用,典例,1). You ought to make good use of any opportunity to practise English.,你应该好好利用机会练习英语。,短语归纳,make good use of 好好利用make full use of 充分利用,make the best/most of 充分利用,【即境活用】,1). 要充分利用一切机会说英语。,_,2). 我们要很好地发挥她的才能。,_,答案: 1). Make full use of every chance you have to speak English.,2). We will make good use of her talents.,4. such as像这样的（用来列举事物）。,I visited several cities, such as New York, Chicago and Boston.,我游览过几个城市，像纽约、芝加哥、波士顿等,辨析：for example, such as, suchas：that is;,for example 用来列举同类中的一个为例，可以是一个句子，也可以是一个单词或词组。在句中的位置较灵活，可位于句首、句中或句尾,For example, he is very brave.,比如，他非常勇敢。,such as 用来列举事物（一类），放在被列举的事物与前面的名词之间，as之后切不可有逗号（列举部分事例）。,that is 用来列举全部事物，故在被列举事例前面，并用逗号隔开,区别上述三个短语的关键是：,1）判断是列举部分举例还是列举全部事例，2）在句中的位置。3) 举例说明还是列举,This machine is very useful in daily life, such as in making bread.,这台机器在日常生活中是很有用的，比如做面包。,suchas 意思是“像那样的”，其中as为介词，不能同etc.和and so on连用。例如：,Such men as Edison, Einstein and Lincoln are great men.,像爱迪生、爱因斯坦和林肯这样的人都是伟人。,【即境活用】,The teacher praised him very often, _he is a good student in our class.,A. such as B. For example C. such-as D. That is,【答案】D,5. play a part (in)扮演一个角色；参与, Clown play an important role in a circus,小丑在马戏团扮演着重要的角色。, She plays an active part in local politics.,她积极参与地方政治活动。, The media plays a major role in influencing peoples opinions.,媒体在影响舆论方面发挥着重要作用。,1 Today ,more people speak English as their first,second or a foreign langusge than ever before.,如今说英语的人比以往任何时候都多了，他们有的是把英语作为第一语言来说，有的是把它作为第二语言或外语, There is room for no more than three cars.,这地方只能停放三辆车, She was far more intelligent than her sister.,她比她姐姐聪明多了, Im more than happy to take you there in my car .,我非常乐意用我的车带你去哪儿。, It had more the appearance of a deliberate crime than of an accident.,这件事表面上看起来像是故意犯罪，而不是事故,2 Native English speakers can understand each other even if they dont speak the sane kind of English.,以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的英语不尽相同，也可以互相理解。,even if/though-,【基础过关】even if/though是一个连词意思为“即使、虽然”,Even if we can go out for play, we wont do.,即使我们能出去玩，我们也不想去。,【拓展延伸】even if 与even though可以互换，但even if 更强调假定性。,引导让步状语从句的引导词although, though, no matter, whenever, wherever, however 等。,As也可以引导让步状语从句，但要把其表语，谓语原形，宾语前置，且前置的单数名词不可以用冠词。,Whatever you do ,do it well.,不管你做什么，把他做好。,Girl as/though she is, she can go alone in the darkness.,尽管她是个女孩，她敢一个人走夜路。,【即境活用】,Im determined to get a seat for the concert _it means standing in a queue all night.,A. as though B. Even if C. in case D. so that,【解析】B 考查连词辨析。句意“我决心得到一张音乐会的座位，即使意味着整夜排队。”,3 Believe it or not,there is no such thing as standard English .,信不信由你，世界上没有什么标准英语,believe it or not信不信由你,believe it or not信不信由你（用于口语中，相当于插入语）。,Believe it or not, he asked me to tell you a lie!,信不信由你，他要我向你说谎！,【拓展延伸】可用作插入语的某些不定式短语，常见的还有：,to tell the truth 老实说,to say nothing of 更不用说,to be honest 老实地说,to be frank 坦率地说,to be exact 确切地说,judging from; 依据-判断；（句首常见）,generally speaking; 一般说来（句首常见）,【即境活用】,He isnt all right,_,he isnt right sometimes.,A. to be honest B. Generally speaking C. to tell the truth D. that is (to say),【答案】D 考查短语意思辨析,祈使句直接引语变间接引语,当我们转述祈使句时，通常将原句中的动词变为动词不定式，并在不定式的前面加上ask, order, tell等转述动词，如果祈使句为否定式，在不定式的前面加上not,1. 一般变化,(1) 如果直接引语是表示命令、请求的祈使句，通常将祈使句的动词原形变成动词不定式，并在动词不定式前加上动词ask, tell, order, advise, invite, request, warm, beg, command, encourage等，其中动词的使用须视句义与说话者当时的语气或态度而定,注意：,a. 间接引语中引述动词不能用say。,b. 如果祈使句是否定形式，则不定式前加上否定词never或not。,c. 祈使句中的please在间接引语中必须省去。,(2)非祈使句形式的请求、命令等的直接引语变为间接引语，变法同上。,“Please sit down and have a rest.” she said to us.,= She asked us to sit down and have a rest.,【点拨】依据说话者的语气，注意转述动词的选择。,2. 特殊变化,（1）若直接引语是表示“建议”的祈使句或疑问句，通常变为 “suggested+宾语从句(或动名词)”结构,He said,” Lets go to the park.”,= He suggested(our) going to the park.,【点拨】表示建议、要求、劝告的祈使句都可以用此句型,（2）直接引语是感叹句时，间接引语可以用what或how引导，也可以用that引导,She said,” What a lovely day it is!”,=She said what a lovely day it was.=She said that it was a lovely day.,【典型例题】,1. The teacher asked us _ so much noise.,A. dont make B. not make,C. not making D. not to make,【解析】选D。考查ask后面复合宾语的用法，即ask somebody to do以及不定式的否定形式，即not to do。,2. Please dont stamp the grass.,Pardon?,I _ stamp the grass.,A. tell you dont B. tell you not to,C. told you didnt D. told you not to,【解析】选D。考查时态。根据情景，应意为“我刚才告诉你”，故主体时态应是I told you；另外应注意的一点和上题一样，即不定式的否定式是not to do。,【点拨】掌握祈使句的否定句转换规律,【语法专练】,将下列句子变为间接引语：,1. Mother said to her .daughter, “Hurry up !”,_,2. “Come at five oclock ,”she said to him .,_,3. “Dont swim too far, ”I said .,_,4.He said , “ Lets leave the luggage at the station .”,_,5.”Let me stay up a little longer tonight , mother .”he begged .,_,6. He said ,”Happy birthday .”,_,【参考答案】,将下列句子变成间接引语,1Mother ordered her daughter to hurry up.,2She told me to come at five oclock.,3I told/warned the boys not to swim too far.,4He suggested leaving the luggage at the station. /He suggested that we should leave the luggage at the station.,5He begged his mother to let him stay a little longer that night.,6He wished me a happy birthday.,1、（2012山东卷32） A number of high buildings have arisen _ there was nothing a year ago but ruins.,A. whenB. where,C. before D. until,32.【答案】B,【解析】此处是where引导地点状语从句，表示“在地方”。 句意：很多高楼在一年前还是废墟的地方矗立起来了。,【考点定位】考查状语从句的连接词。,2、（2012江西卷27）-Have you paid? Whats my share of the bill?,- . It wasnt very much.,ADont worry about it.BIts my share,CNone of your business.DIts up to you.,27【答案】A,【解析】考察情景交际。句意为”你付了钱吗?我的那份账单是多少?”,”不用担心,这不是很贵的.”选项,A:不用担心。选项B：这是我的那份。C：不管你的事。D：这取决于你。,3.（2011山东卷T28）He had his camera ready _ he saw something that would make a good picture.,A. even if B. if only C. in case D. so that,【答案】选C。,【解析】考查状语从句。句意为：他准备好了照相机以免他看到什么可以成为很好照片的东西而无法拍摄下来。in case 万一，以免得；even if 即使；if only 要是就好了；so that 以便，结果是。由句意可知C项正确。,4.（2011重庆卷 T35）Do you have Marys phone number?,Sorry,_.,A. I dont know B. forget it,C. here you are D. I cant remember it,【答案】选D。,【解析】考查情景交际。句意为：你有玛丽的电话号码吗？抱歉，我不记得的了。A相为汉式英语；B项用于回答别人的道歉；C项意为“给你”；D项意为“我不记得的了”，故选D。,5.（2010湖北卷T29）Had he her promise, she would have made it to Yale University.,A. looked up to B. lived up to,C. kept up with D. come up with,【答案】选B,【解析】该句是典型的虚拟语气， “if” 引导的非真实条件句的倒装句，描述的事于过去事实是相反的。“如果她当年履行了自己的诺言，她就会进入耶鲁大学了。”look up to（抬头看，尊重）keep up with（跟上，追上）come up with（追赶上；想出；提出），只有live up to（履行，实行）符合题意。,6.（2010陕西卷T24） It is reported that many a new house at present in the disaster area.,A. are being built B. were being built C. was being built D. is being built,【答案】选D。,【解析】考查动词时态，语态及主谓一致。由时间状语at present可知此处动词表示的动作正在进行，主语与所填词是被动关系；many a+名词单数做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，由此可知本题选D。,7.（2009浙江卷T10）It took building supplies to construct these energy-house . It took brains , too .,A other than B more than C rather than D less than,【答案】选B,【解析】考查固定短语。本句意为去建造这些能源房不仅仅需要建筑设施,而且也需要大脑； other than 除之外； 不同于，非； rather than 而不是；less than 不足、少于；more than 多于； 不仅仅；不限于；选B符合。,8.（2009北京卷T4）You may use room as you like _ you clean it up afterwards,A. so far as B. so long as C. in case D. even if,【答案】选B,【解析】考查条件状语连接词义辨析。As far as 远道-，就-而言；so long as 只要，只有；in case 万一，以免；even if 假设，即使。B符合句意,9. (2008全国IIT18 ) Little Johnny felt the bag, curious to know what it _.,A. collected B. contained C. loaded D. saved,【答案】选B,【解析】考查动词词义辨析。此处为好奇地想知道书包里装的东西。“包含，组成”之意，contain符合,10. (2007浙江卷)The open-air celebration has been put off_ the bed weather.,A. in case of B. In spite of C. instead of D. because of,【答案】选D,【解析】考查介词短语意思辨析。In case of假如-的话；in spite of 尽管-；instead of 而不是，代替。按照句意此处是指原因。,
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