being的用法和be的用法

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,Learn the use of V-ing and be,动词的-ing形式在起名词作用时，称为动名词,动名词可以在句子当中用作主语，表语，宾语，介词宾语并且还可以构成合成词。,用作主语：,Dancing,is one of his hobbies.,用作表语：His hobby is,collecting stamps.,用作宾语：Please stop,smoking.,用作介宾：Wouldnt he be afraid of,being caught,?,构成合成词：He won the,singing,contest.,As object of verbs(including phrasal verbs 成语动词),He admitted taking the money.,(taking the money is the object of admit),So you prefer being a teacher?,(being a teacher is the object of prefer),许多成语动词也可以用动名词作宾语,They,left off,talking about the firm.,Prices,keep on,increasing.,另外，在（be)worth后也可跟动名词作宾语,It,is worth,有些动词后可以用动名词作宾语，也可以用不定式作宾语，有时意思有所不同,I remember telling you about it.(已经告诉了）,Remember to tell him about it.（还没有告诉）,I will never forget hearing Chaliapin singing in that opera.(还没有忘记）,He forget to bring his umbrella.(已经忘记了）,Try doing more exercise;youll soon lose weight.(试图做某事）,Ill try to improve.（尽力做某事）,这样的词还有regret,help,want,need等,有时两种结构只有细微的差别，例如在like,love,prefer,hate,dread等动词之后，动名词多表示一般情况，不定式多表示即将发生的事。,Do you like reading?,I should like to hear others views.,She loves working in the garden.,She said shed love to come sometime.,I hate asking favors.,He would hate to disappoint you.,有时两者可以互换，意思上没有区别,He hates thinking(to think)about it.,I like reading (to raed)detective stories.,在begin,strat,intend,continue和cease后跟动名词或不定式都可以，有时意思上没有什么差别,It has strated,raining(to rain).,The band began,playing(to play).,She continued,working (to work),as if nothing had happened.,但有时又有些细微的差别，在begin,start,和cease后，不定式多表示情况发生变化（a),而动名词表示有意识地开始或停止（b),a,Suddenly it,strated to rain.,The matter has,ceased to be a mystery to us.,b,Then the little girl,started singing.,The factory has,ceased making bicycles.,所以这些词都要根据句子的意思和上下文来进行选择，到底是用to do 还是v-ing .,另外，在以-ing结尾的动词后不宜再用动名词，以避免-ing的重复。,As object of preposition,有许多有介词构成的成语动词后可以跟动名词作宾语。,Eg:She,insisted,on,writing at once.,Why do you,persist in,writing such things.,He,thought of,writing to her.,I have always,believed in,being broad-minded,.,还有不少”be +adj+preposition的结构后也常可用动名词作宾语,Are you interested in going with with us?,I was afraid of making them uneasy.,He wasnt keen on buying a car.,这样的词还有很多，例如，,be angry about,be excited at,be surprised at,be responsible for,be tired of,be capable of ,be used to,be fed up with,等,在“及物动词+宾语+介词”这类结构后，也常跟动名词作宾语,They,accused him of,playing his radio too loudly.,Forgive me for,interrupting you.,He,dedicated his life,to,flighting corruption,.,在how about 后也常跟动名词作宾语,How about,coming with us to the club?,许多介词可以跟动名词构成状语，但是动名词不可以单独作状语,Bass waited a little while before making up his mind.,I dont blame you for being cautious.,Without waiting for any reply,he left the room.,还有些介词短语后跟动名词作宾语，如Instead of,in the hope of,with a view to等。,还有些介词可以和动名词构成定语,He is good at the art,of making friends.,I admired his skill,at driving,.,It is a device,for opening bottles.,现在分词作表语，作表语时其句子结构无法更改,但动名词可以,The dirty street is,disgusting,.,=Disgusting is the dirty street.,The report is most,alarming,.,=Alarming is the report.,The leopard was Nature,and he was,being natural.,It will lecture on disinterested purity while its neck is,being,remorselessly,twisted,toward a skirt.,现在分词还可用在名词后作定语，作用接近一个定语从句,This village is made up of 490 families belonging,(=who belonged),to nationalities.,We are brother sharing,(=who share),weal and wore.,Who is the woman talking,(=who is talking),to Jim?,There are a few boys swimming,(=who are swimming),in the river.,从上面的例子可以看出，在把分词短语改为定语从句时，从句谓语可以是一个一般时态的动词，也可以是一个进行时态的动词,现在分词作定语，修饰一个名词,It was an,astonishing,performance.,That must have been a,terrifying,experience.,还有些不及物动词的现在分词，不能用作表语，却能用作定语,the ailing economy a booming town,growing doubts diminishing returns,lasting peace a shining example,这类定语和构成合成词的代名词是有区别的。现在分词往往表示所修饰名词的动作，与主语有逻辑上的主谓关系，而动名词表示目的、用途等,用现在分词作定语,sleeping beauty,the waiting crowd,a walking dictionary,由动名词构成的合成词,sleeping-pill,the waiting room,a walking stick,现在分词还可以构成合成形容词作定语,long-lasting effects,close-fitting clothes,a good-looking girl,a time-consuming job,long-standing policy,never-ending work,an easy-going man,a hard-working teacher,be的用法-助动词，连系动词，静态动词,助动词be通常用来协助主动词构成进行体或被动态,I am listening to a wonderful story.,The students were praised by the principal.,be作连系动词之后须带主语补语,The capital of the United States was once New York City.,be 作静态动词表示存在于现时或过去的一种状态,Jim is a teacher ,but 20years ago he was a soldier.,be 还可以做作半助动词,be about to,be able to,be bound to,be due to,be going to 等等,这其中的be为半助动词,“Be” 作助动词的各时态，以study为例,一般时 进行时 完成时 完成进行时,现在,study be studying have studied have been studying,过去,studied be studying had studied had been studying,将来,will study,wil be studying will have studied will have been studying,过去将来would study would be studying would have studied would have been studying,