初中英语非谓语动词剖析

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,育英视频学习网,:,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,初中英语非谓语动词剖析,第十八讲 非谓语动词,非谓语动词,什么是非谓语动词,特殊动词的搭配,动词不定式与介词,to,词组总结,现在分词与过去分词,第一部分：什么是非谓语动词？,非谓语动词,:,在句中不单独作谓语的动词叫非谓语动词。,例,: He likes to read the novel.,例：,He enjoyed traveling around world.,例：,John made Tom go with him.,解析：,英语的单句中，可能有两个动词，动词,2,根据动词,1,的而变化。而我们看到的动词,2,，及,(to do, doing, done,等形式，就是非谓语动词）,单句中的动词,1,与动词,2,，,动词,1,是谓语，有各种时态、语态、语气的变化,动词,2,根据动词,1,而变化,例,: He wanted to do that,I am enjoying seeing the film,Let us go!,非谓语动词的种类,1.,不定式,to do,有还没有做的含义,.,2.,动名词,doing,表示抽象的名词意义,3.,现在分词,doing,表示主动或进行的意义,.,4.,过去分词,done,表示被动或完成的意义,.,第二部分：特殊的动词搭配,第二部分：特殊的动词搭配,六类常考特殊动词,v.to do,V ving,只加不带,to,to do, doing,意思相同,绝大部分动词是此形式,详见第,9,篇,Let/make sb do,begin/start/like,to do, doing,意思不同,do,或,doing,详见,10-17,篇,see, watch, observe, notice,等,详见,18,篇,只加,ving,的词,Avoid,避免,; consider,考虑,; delay,拖延,; deny,否认,;,dislike,不喜欢,; enjoy,欣赏,; excuse,原谅,; fancy,幻想,;,forgive,原谅,; finish,完成,; imagine,设想,; keep,保持,; mind,介意,; pardon,原谅,; prevent,阻止,; practise,练习,; resist,坚持,; risk,冒险,;,suggest,建议,; understand,理解,-,动名词与不定式语义不同,stop to do,forget to do,remember to do,regret to do,cease to do,try to do,go on to do,Be afraid to do,mean to do,stop doing,forget doing,remember doing,regret doing,cease doing,try doing,go on doing,Be afraid doing,mean doing,1) stop doing/to do,stop to do,停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事。,stop doing,停止做某事。,They stop to smoke a cigarette.,他们停下来，抽了根烟。,I must stop smoking.,我必须戒烟了。,典型例题,She reached the top of the hill and stopped _,on a big rock by the side of the path.,A. to have rested,B. resting,C. to rest,D. rest,答案：,C,。由题意可知，她到了山顶，停下来在一个路边的大石头上休息。因此，应选择,stop to do sth.,停下来去做另一件事,。而不仅仅是爬山动作的终止，所以,stop doing sth.,不正确。,2) forget doing/to do,forget to do,忘记要去做某事。,(,未做,),forget doing,忘记做过某事。,(,已做,),The light in the office is stil on. He forgot to turn it off.,办公室的灯还在亮着，它忘记关了。,(,没有做关灯的动作,),He forgot turning the light off.,他忘记他已经关了灯了。,(,已做过关灯的动作,),典型例题,- The light in the office is still on.,- Oh,，,I forgot_.,A. turning it off,B. turn it off,C. to turn it off,D. having turned it off,答案：,C,。由,the light is still on,可知灯亮着，即关灯的动作没有发生，因此用,forget to do sth.,而,forget doing sth,表示灯已经关上了，而自己忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。,3) remember doing/to do,remember to do,记得去做某事,(,未做,),remember doing,记得做过某事,(,已做,),Remember to go to the post office after school.,记着放学后去趟邮局。,Dont you remember seeing the man before?,你不记得以前见过那个人吗,?,4),regret doing/to do,regret to do,对要做的事遗憾。,(,未做,),regret doing,对做过的事遗憾、后悔。,(,已做,),I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice.,我很遗憾必须这样去做，我实在没有办法。,I dont regret telling her what I thought.,我不为告诉她我的想法而后悔。,典型例题,-You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.,-Well, now I regret _ that.,to do,B. to be doing,C.,to have done,D.,having done,答案：,D,。,regret having done sth.,对已发生的事感到遗憾。,regret to do sth.,对将要做的事感到遗憾。本题为对已说的话感到后悔，因此选,D,。,5) cease doing/to do,cease to do,长时间，甚至永远停做某事。,cease doing,短时停止做某事，以后还会接着做。,That department has ceased to exist forever.,那个部门已不复存在。,The girls ceased chatting for a moment when their teacher passed by.,姑娘们在老师走过时，停了会聊天。,6) try doing/to do,try to do,努力，企图做某事。,try doing,试验，试着做某事。,You must try to be more careful.,你可要多加小心。,I tried gardening but didnt succeed.,我试着种果木花卉，但未成功。,7) go on doing/to do,go on to do,做了一件事后，接着做另一件事。,go on doing,继续做原来做的事。,After he had finished his maths,，,he went on to do his physics.,做完数学后，他接着去做物理。,8) be afraid doing/to do,be afraid to do,不敢，胆怯去做某事，是主观上的原因不去做，意为,怕,；,be afraid of doing,担心出现,doing,的状况、结果。,doing,是客观上造成的，意为“生怕，恐怕”。,She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake.,她生怕被蛇咬着，而不敢在草丛中再走一步。,She was afraid to wake her husband.,她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。,She was afraid of waking her husband.,她生怕吵醒她丈夫。,9) mean to doing/to do,mean to do,打算、想,mean doing,意味着,I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to.,我想去，但是我父亲不肯让我去。,To raise wage means increasing purchasing power.,赠加工资意味着增加购买力。,感官动词,+ doing/to do,感官动词,see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do,表示动作的完整性，真实性；,+doing,表示动作的连续性，进行性,I saw him work in the garden yesterday.,昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。,(,强调,我看见了,这个事实,),I saw him working in the garden yesterday.,昨天我见他正在花园里干活。 （强调,我见他正干活,这个动作）,典型例题,1,）,They knew her very well. They had seen her _ up from childhood.,A. grow,B. grew,C. was growing,D. to grow,答案：,A,。因题意为，他们看着她长大，因此强调的是成长的过程，而非正 在长的动作，因此用,see sb do sth,的句型。,2,）,The missing boy was last seen _ near the river.,A. playing,B. to be playing,C. play,D. to play,答案,A.,本题强调其动作，正在河边玩，应此用,see sb. doing sth,句型。,第三部分：动词不定式与,to,词组,动词,+ to do,动词,+,疑问词,+ to do,动词,+ it(,形式宾语）,+,宾补,+to do,常见动词有,agree,decide ,fail, hope, wish , want, plan,，,learn, would like, cant wait(,迫不及待,) cant afford,（负担不起） 等,I dont know what to do .,Can you tell me how to get there ?,I cant decide which to choose.,I find it important to learn English.,I think it necessary to drink the water.,用法 ：,作宾语,一些省略,to,的句型,（,1,）,Why not +,动词原形,（,2,）,Why dont you+,动词原形,（,3,）,Youd better +,动词原形,（,4,）,Youd better not +,动词原形,（,5 ) Will you please +,动词原形,（,6,）,Will you please not +,动词原形,（,7,）,sb do,nothing but,（只是，只不过）,例,: They didn nothing but complain,常见固定搭配,1.too to do,The desk is too heavy to carry .,2.be + adj + enough to do,The room is big enough for 10 people to live in .,3.Its time to do sth,或,Its time for sb to do sth .,Its time to have a rest.,4.It takes sb some time to do sth .,It takes me three days to finish the job .,5.be + adj,（,glad . sorry .sure . happy . afraid,等表情感,的形容词后）,+ to do sth .,(1) Im sorry to trouble you .,介词,+doing,look forward to doing sth.,（盼望）,pay attention to doing sth.,（注意）,be used to doing sth.,（习惯于）,prefer doing sth to doing sth.,（更喜欢）,devote to doing sth,（致力于）,make a contribution to doing,（做贡献）,第四部分：现在分词与过去分词,分词分为现在分词和过去分词。,分 词,4,区别：,现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。如：,The man standing by the windows is our teacher.,站在门边的人是我们的老师。,The house built last year has become our lab.,去年建的房子已成了我们的实验室。,1,现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示完成的动作。如：,falling leaves,正在飘落的树叶,fallen leaves,落叶（已落下）,developing country,发展中国家,developed country,发达国家,.,用括号中动词的适当形式填空,_(fish)is my favourite sport.I often _(fish),for hours without _(catch) anything. But this doesnt worry me.Some of the fishermen_ (be) unlucky.Instead of _(catch)fish,they catch old shoes.I am even less lucky.I never catch anything not even old shoes .After_ (spend)whole mornings on the river,I always go home with an empty bag,“You must give up_(fish)!”My friends say.“Its a waste of time.”But they dont know one important thing.Im not really interested in _(fish).Im only interested in _(sit)in a boat and,_,(do) nothing at all.,课时训练,Fishing,fish,catching,are,catching,spending,fishing,fishing,sitting,doing,主语：常置于句末，而用,it,代替其做形式主语。,例：,To go in for sports helps you stay fit.,It helps you stay fit to go in for sports.,It is dangerous to swim in the deep sea,on your own.,注：此句式中不定式逻辑上的主语可由,for,或,of,引出，,逻辑主语由,of,引出时，表语的形容词为,kind,，,nice,，,good,，,polite,，,clever,，,foolish,，,right,，,wrong,等,表示性格品质评价的形容词。,例：,Its right of him to refuse the invitation.,(him,为逻辑主语,),点击规律：动词不定式在句中作主语时，除了,直接作主语,外，,常放在：,It is,adj,（形容词）,to do sth,或,It is,n,（名词）,to do sth,句型中，,it,仅作形式主语。,返回,动 词 宾 语,此种情况可按固定搭配或句式去记。,例：,would you like to see my photos?,Kevin planned to visit his uncle,类似用法的词还有：,start,，,want,，,agree,，,hope,，,begin,，,decide,agree,，,love,，,like,，,hate,，,prefer,等。,I found it very difficult to get a job.(it,为形式宾语,),点击规律：,这些动词后面除接不定式外，还可以接动名词，意思,区别不大,提示板：,like doing,指经常性动作，而,like to do,指一次性的动作。,I like swimming,，,but I dont like to swim now,我喜欢游泳，但我现在不想游。,stop,，,forget,，,remember,，,go on,，,try,等词或短语后面可以,接不定式。,点击规律：上述动词后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。,提示板：,1,）,stop to do sth,：停止一件事，去做另一件事。,stop doing sth,：停止正在做的事。,例句：,When the teacher came in,，,the students stopped,talking,；当老师走进来时，学生们停止说话；,when he came out,，,the students stopped to talk,当老师走出去时，学生们又开始说话。,2,）思考：,forget,，,remember,，,go on,，,try,等词或短语后面接,不定式和动名词用法有何区别？,点击规律：在,find,feel,it,adj,to do sth,句型中，,it,是,形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。如：,The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep,I feel it easy to recite the text,点击规律：某些动词或短语后面既可以接动词不定式作宾语，,又可接动名词作宾语，二者用法上的区别可以通过造,句子加以区分，如上页的,stop,例句。,返回,表 语,放在连系动词,be,后面,例句：,His wish is to become a scientist,Our duty is to protect the enviroment.,The first important thing is to save the,soldierslives,当务之急是抢救战士们的生命。,点击规律：动词不定式在句中作表语时，通常对连系,动词前面的名词进行诠释说明。,返回,定 语,动词不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词,、代词的后面。,例：,He is the first person to sail around the world.,I have a lot of work to do,The doctor said he could do nothing to help the boy,点击规律：动词不定式若在句中作定语，常放在被修饰的名词、,代词之后。,提示板：如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系，,且动词是不及物动词，切记不要忘掉后面的介词。如：,I have a small bedroom to live in,Have you got some pens to write with,？,返回,作 状 语,a,目的状语：放在,go,，,come,，,use,，,live,，,in order,等词后面,.,如：,I come to see you,He runs fast in order to get there in time,They brought in photos of their families for me to,look at,b,原因状语：放在,sorry,，,glad,，,surprised,，,disappointed,，,excited,等词后面。（,有些资料上把这类称为不定式在,表示心理、情感、评价等的形容词后，对其进行补充说明，,作形容词补足语,）如：,I am glad to see you here,I am sorry to trouble you,c,作结果状语。如：,Some of the apples are hard to reach,The room is large enough to hold 1000 people,返回,宾语补足语,(1),在多数复合宾语及物动词后要带,to,：,tell,，,ask,，,want,，,order,，,teach,，,invite,，,warn,，,wish,，,help,，,get,，,wish,，等词后面常接不定式作宾补。,例：,I,asked,a,friend,to,read,it,to,me,I tell him not to go there by bus,Edisons mother taught him to read and write,(2),在表示感觉、致使等意义的动词,(see,，,watch,，,hear,，,feel,，,make,，,let,，,have,，,observe,，,notice,，,help,等,),后,不带,to,的不定式作宾补。如：,The boss makes them work 16 hours a day,I heard her sing in the next room,提示板：若变成,被动语态,，在上述结构中，,不定式符号,to,要加上,。,如：,They are made,to,work 16 hours a day by the boss,She was heard,to,sing in the next room,返回,“疑问词不定式”用法,不定式前可带,what,，,who,，,which,，,where,，,when,，,how,whose,，等疑问词，这种不定式短语在句中作宾语、宾语补足语、,主语等。,例：,He didnt tell me where to go. (,直宾,),I dont know what to say now.(,宾语,),I dont know what to do next,（宾语）,He taught us how to use the computer,（宾语补足语）,Its still a question how to get there,（主语）,在初中阶段还涉及到“不定式被动语态一般式,(to be+,过去分词,)”,例：,There are twenty more trees to be planted.,返回,根据句意，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。,1,Its time for us _,（,have,）,supper,2,Would you like_,（,go,）,shopping with me,？,3,It took us half an hour_,（,work,）,out the problem,4,He is old enough_,（,join,）,the army,5,I feel strange_,（,have,）,a twin sister,6,I am very glad_,（,meet,）,you here,7,They prefer_,（,stay,）,at home rather than go out,8,We saw them_,（,come,）,into the room just now,9,What he said made me_,（,feel,）,sorry,10,I am sorry,I forgot_,（,tell,）,you the news,11,His plan is_,（,spend,）,a few days in the mountains,12,Have you got anything_,（,say,）？,13,Have you decided which one_,（,choose,）？,14,Do you know when_,（,start,）？,15,He is too weak_,（,carry,）,the big stone,to go,主语,to go,宾语,to work,主语,to join,结果状语,to have,形容词补足语,(,原,),to meet,形容词补足语,(,原,),to stay,宾语,to come,宾补,to feel,宾补,to tell,宾语,to spend,表语,to say,定语,to choose,定语,to start,不定式短语作宾语,to carry,结果状语,