简单句的六个基本句型

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,句子是语言运用的基本单位。能正确写句是最基本、最基础的写作微技能。英语句子千变万化，但都可以由简单句合并或扩展而来，因此掌握简单句的六个基础句型是写好英语句子的第一步。, 主语系动词表语, 主语,+,谓语,(,vi.,), 主语,+,谓语,(,vt,.,) +,宾语, 主语,+,谓语,(,vt,.,) +,间接宾语,+,直接宾语, 主语,+,谓语,(,vt,.,)+,宾语,+,宾语补足语,there be,句型,简单句的六个基本句型,(1),简单句可以插入定语和状语扩展成为复杂的长句，可以通过添加关联词变成并列复合句或主从复合句。,句型,(1):,主语,+,系动词,+,表语,其中“系动词,+,表语”一起构成谓语。充当主语和表语的词类有：,主语,系动词,表语,典型,名词、代词,be,形容词,其他,v-ing,形式,变成,(become,等,),v-ed,形式,to,do,形式,起来,(look,等,),v-ing,形式,是,(prove,等,),to,do,形式,保持,(keep,等,),介词短语,副词,(,地点,),复合句,主语从句,表语从句,注：,(1),其他句型中的主语和宾语也是由上表中所列可以作主语的这些词充当。在其他句型中的补足 语或定语也是由上表中所列可以作表语的这些词充当。,(2),一般不能用副词作表语，但某些表示地点的副词或与介词同形的副词可以在,be,后面作表语，如,here,，,there,，,over there,，,back,，,abroad,，,outside,，,below,，,in,，,up,，,down,，,off,，,over,，,by,等。,(3),注意：,有一些半系动词后面则通常只能接形容词而不是副词作表语。常见的有：,表示“是”的有：,prove (,证明是,),，,seem(,似乎是,),，,appear(,好像是,),，,remain(,依然是,),。,表示“变成”的有,:become,，,grow,，,turn,，,get,，,go,。,表示“,起来”的有,:taste (,尝起来,),，,look(,看起来,),，,sound (,听起来,),，,feel(,摸起来；感到,),，,smell(,闻起来,),。,可以用口诀“四是,四变,五,起来,”加以记忆。,另外，表示“保持”的,keep,，,stay,等也可以作系动词。,come true,，,fall asleep,等也属于固定搭配型 “系表”结构。,请使用句型,(1),翻译下列句子。,1.,我是一名高三学生。,(be),I am a senior 3 student.,2.,没有什么不可能！,(be),Nothing is impossible!,3.,我越来越担心即将到来的高考。,(become, increasingly,用现在进行时,),I am becoming increasingly anxious about the coming college entrance examination.,翻译句子,4.,我的担心被证明是完全错误的。,( fear, completely,，用过去进行时,),My fear was proving completely wrong.,5.,我的脸在炎热的太阳下变得通红。,( go red,，用过去完成时,),My face had gone red in the hot sun.,6.,前途看起来不错。,( look good,用现在进行时,),The future is looking good.,7.,我所有的愿望会成真。（,come true,）,All my wishes will come true.,句型,：主语,+,不及物动词,有些不及物动词能够单独构成谓语，不用带其他成分就能表达一个完整的意思，例如：,The bus has left.,但是有少数几个动词其后必须带有状语，否则结构不完整，意义不明确。例如,:I live in Guangzhou. I stayed in a small hotel.,请使用句型,(2),翻译下列句子。,1.,我头痛。,(ache),My head aches.,2.,我的计划已经改变了。,(change),My plan has changed.,3.,这趟班机晚上九点半起飞。,(take off),The plan takes off at 9:30 p.m.,翻译句子,4.,我来自一个受过良好教育的家庭。,(come, well-educated),I come from a well-educated family.,5.,我,2011,年,2,月,8,日上午抵达上海。,(get to),I got to Shanghai on the morning of February 8, 2011.,句型：主语,+,谓语,(,vt,.,) +,宾语,作宾语的除了常使用名词或代词外，还有动词不定式及,v,-ing,形式等。,注意：有些动词,(,短语,),后通常不能接,v,-ing,形式作宾语，只能接,to do,作宾语。,如：,agree, ask, decide, desire, expect, hope, manage, promise, afford,，,beg, offer, plan, refuse, wish, want, fail, prepare, arrange, choose, pretend, would like,等。,简单句的六个基本句型,(2),有些动词,(,短语,),不能接不定式作宾语，只能接,v,-ing,形式作宾语。,如：,admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, excuse, face, fancy, finish, forgive, imagine, mention, mind, miss,practise, postpone, risk , resist, suggest, understand, give up, feel like, keep on, put off, leave off, cant help (,控制不住,), cant stand (,不能容忍,),等。,请使用句型,(3),翻译下列句子。,1.,遗憾的是，我没能看到那景象。（,miss,）,Unfortunately, I missed seeing the sight.,2.,我希望在一周内返回广州。,(expect ),I expect to return to Guangzhou within a week.,3.,我总算按时完成了作业。,( manage),I managed to finish my homework on time.,翻译句子,4.,我不能忍受失去一个亲密的朋友。（,cant stand,）,I cant stand losing a close friend.,5.,我叔叔决定晚点出国。,(choose , notuntil later),My uncle chose not to go abroad until later.,6.,我正计划下个月去欧洲旅行。,( plan, go on a trip ),We are planning to go on a trip to Europe next month.,7.,我一见到我以前的数学老师就不禁想到了过去。（,cant help,，,at the sight of,）,I couldnt help thinking about the past at the sight of my former,maths,teacher.,8.,为了省钱，我建议步行去那里。（,suggest,）,To save money I suggested going there on foot.,9.,我想听听其他人的看法。,( would like ),I would like to hear others views.,10.,我不想去看电影。,(feel like ),I dont feel like going to the movie.,11.,我不想冒上学迟到的风险。（,want, risk, be late,）,I didnt want to risk being late for school.,12.,我不能再推迟去看牙医了。,(put off, notany longer),I cant put off going to the dentist any longer.,句型：主语,+,谓语,(,vt,.,) +,间宾,(sb.) +,直宾,(,sth,.),1.,间接宾语,(,通常是人,),通常放在直接宾语,(,一般是物,),之前。如：,Tom bought me a book.,汤姆给我买了一本书。,He handed me a book.,他递给了我一本书。,2.,若将间接宾语置于直接宾语之后，则要用介词,to,或,for,。尤其是当间接宾语是较长的名词时，采用这种形式。如：,Tom bought a book for my little brother.,汤姆给我的弟弟买了一本书。,He handed a book to Li Ming,，,our monitor.,他递了一本书给我们的班长李明。,3.,用,to,侧重指动作的方向，表示“朝着，对着”某人；用,for,侧重指动作的受益者，表示“为了，替” 某人。,(1),需借助,to,的动词有,bring,，,give,，,hand, offer,，,pass,，,lend,，,pay,，,repay,，,promise, read,，,return,，,send,，,teach,，,tell,，,sell,，,ask,，,leave,，,mail,，,throw,，,take,，,write,，,show,，,owe,，,rent,，,read,等。,(2),需借助,for,的有,build,，,buy,，,call,，,change,，,cook,，,book,，,choose,，,do,，,draw,，,envy,，,fetch,，,find,，,forgive,，,gain,，,get,，,make,，,order,，,play (,演奏,), sing,，,save,，,paint,，,spare,，,win,，,cash,，,design,，,prepare,，,guarantee,，,reserve,，,save,，,secure,等。,(3),以下动词只能接“,sb.,sth,.,”，不能通过,to,或,for,将直接宾语提前：,envy,，,wish,，,forgive,，,allow,，,ask,，,cause,，,charge,，,cost, deny, draw, promise, refuse,等。 如：,forgave him his crimes,宽恕他的罪行,wish you a safe journey,祝你一路平安,envy you your good luck,羡慕你的好运,请使用句型,(4),翻译下列句子。,1.,我的英语老师给了我几本英文小说。,(give),My English teacher gave me several English novels.,2.,我姑妈在我生日那天给我买了一个,MP3,播放器。,(buy),My aunt bought me an MP3 player on my birthday.,3.,我昨天晚上给李明发送了一封电子邮件。,(send),I sent Li Ming an e-mail last night.,翻译句子,4.,我给我的父母写了一封长信。,(write),I wrote my parents a long letter.,5.,我前天将新英汉字典借给了我表弟。,(lend),I lent my cousin the new English-Chinese dictionary the day before yesterday.,句型,：主语,+,谓语,(,vt,.,)+,宾语,+,宾语补足语,作宾语的通常是名词或代词。宾语补足语是对前边宾语进行补充说明，从而使句子的意思更加完整。宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语，宾语补足语表示前边宾语发出的动作或其身份、特征等。因此，宾语和宾语补足语往往有一个逻辑上的主谓关系。宾语补足语由名词、形容词、介词短语、,动词不定式,、,v,-ing,形式或过去分词充当。,简单句的六个基本句型,(3),注意：,有一些动词后面接动词不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式要省去,to,。常见的这类动词有,feel, hear, listen to; make, have, let; see, watch, notice, observe,以及,help,等。例如：,Let me have a look at it.,其中,help,后面作宾补的不定式符号,to,可省可不省。例如：,I helped her (to) choose a new dictionary.,可以借用口诀“一,感,(,觉,),二,听,(,见,),三,使,(,得,),四看,(,见,),半帮助”记忆这些动词。,请使用句型,(5),翻译下列句子。,1.,我外祖父给我取了个英文名字叫萨拉。,( name,，,Sarah ),My grandfather named me an English name Sarah.,2.,我发现这本体育杂志非常有趣。,(find,，,interesting),I found the sports magazine very interesting.,翻译句子,3.,爷爷奶奶鼓励我好好学习。,(encourage,，,in ones studies),My grandparents encouraged me in my studies.,4.,我建议外祖母卧床休息。,(advise, stay),I advised my grandmother to stay in bed and rest.,5.,我能感觉到自己的心脏在快速跳动。,( beat ),I could feel my heart beating fast,6.,我从未听人唱过这首歌。,(hear, sung),Ive never heard the song sung,7.,我父亲希望我做到最好。,(do ones best),My father expects me to do my best.,8.,我的表亲邀请我与他们共度周末。,(cousin),My cousins have invited me to spend the weekend with them.,句型：,there be,句型,是一种表示存在的句式。这种句式通常以本身无词义、非重读的,there,为引导词，后接动词,be,的各种形式，再后是作主语的名词,(,词组,),，最后通常带有表示地点和时间的状语。,请使用句型,(6),翻译下列句子。,1.,主教学楼后面有一座实验楼。,(classroom building),There is a lab building behind the main classroom building.,2.,我们班有,22,个男生和,23,个女生。,( class ),There are 22 boys and 23 girls in our class.,翻译句子,3.,明天下午，会议室里将会有一个讲座。,(meeting room),3. There will be a lecture in the meeting room tomorrow afternoon.,4.,花园里曾经有过一口水井。,(used to),4. There used to be a well in the garden.,5.,这房间里有一张床,一张桌子和两张椅子。,(there be ),5. Theres a bed, a table, and two chairs in this room.,Thank you!,名师,小课堂,