Module2unit1grammar现在完成时与现在完成进行时

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,现在完成时的用法：,1）表示刚刚完成的动作，常与just连用。,2）表示过去发生而持续到现在的动作或状态，甚至延续到将来。常与since, for连用，但for, since不能与终止性的动词连用。,3）表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。,1,Grammar,Present perfect tensePresent perfect continuous tense,2,Present perfect tense,3,We form the present perfect tense with have/has and the past participle of the verb.,现在完成时的构成,have/has + done (过去分词),4,现在完成时的用法,1.现在完成时表示的动作在说话之前已完成，但对现在有影响。句中没有具体时间状语。,We,have bought,a new computer.,含义是现在已经有电脑了。,He,has given up,drinking.,含义是他现在已经不喝酒了,。,5,He has gone to Beijing.,她已经到北京去了。,含义是：她已前往北京，或在途中，或已到过现在人不在这里。,He has been to Beijing.,她曾到过北京。,含义是：她去过北京。表示一种经历，说话时她还在这里。,havehas gone to,have/has been to,6,2.,现在完成时可以表示过去发生而持续到现在（也许还会继续进行下去）的动作或状态。这一用法通常都要与for, since等开头的表示一段时间的状语连用。,She has lived here,for,more than ten years.,她已在此住了10多年了。,含义是她可能现在已不住在这里，也有可能再住下去。,She has studied English,since,1998.,她从2004年起就开始学习英语。,for后接的是时间段,since后接时间点，而且后面,跟的是过去时间。,7,现在完成时,不能和明确的时间状语,（last week, just now, in 1949, yesterday等）,连用,，但可以和不明确的时间状语（如：,already/yet, recently/lately, ever/never, just, twice/three times,等）连用；也可以和表示包括现在在内的时间状语（如：,this morning, today, now, this week/month，so far,等）连用。,It has been cold,this winter,.,今年冬天一直很冷。（说话时还是冬天。）,8,在过去几年中，我们家乡发生了巨大的变化。,There,were,great changes in our home-town,in the past few years,.,There,have been,great changes in our hometown,in the past few years,.,析 ,In / During the past / last + 复数名词,是完成时态的标志之一。,误,正,9,1. It has,come,here for a few weeks.,2. She has,joined,the Party for several weeks.,It came here a few weeks ago.It has been here for a few weeks.,She joined the Party several weeks ago.She has been a Party member for several weeks.,一定要注意，像,come, join, marry, leave, die, arrive, begin, stop,等这样的瞬间动词，它们所表示的动作是在一刹那间或很短的一段时间内完成的；因此，,瞬间动词的现在完成时的肯定式不可与表示时间段的时间状语连用,。,10,他父亲离开祖国已经50年了。,析,瞬间动词的完成时的肯定式不能与表示,一段时间的状语,连用,。,His father,has been away,from his homeland for fifty years.,His father left his homeland,fifty years ago,.,His father has,left,his homeland,for fifty years,.,11,I have received his letter for almost a month.,注意：,瞬间动词的现在完成时的肯定式不可与表示时间段的时间状语连用；,瞬间动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用,。,即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。,I havent received his letter for almost a,month.,12,1）,It/This,is,the first / second time. that,结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。,例如：,It is the first time that I have visited the city.,这是我第一次访问这城市。,这是我第一次听他唱歌。,This is the first time （that） Ive heard him sing.,注意：It,was,the third time that the boy,had been,late.,用于现在完成时的句型,13,典型例题,（1）-Do you know our town at all?,-No, this is the first time I _ here,.,A. was B. have been,C. came D. am coming,B,This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。,14,-Have you _ been to our town before?,-No, its the first time I _ here.,A. even, come B. even, have come,C. ever, come D. ever, have come,D,ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，,此两词常用于完成时。,15,Look at the following sentences and point out what tense or tenses are used in them and the reasons why they are used.,16,现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：,现在完成时与现在有联系，它表示过去的动作对现在所产生的结果、影响。,一般过去时通常表示在过去某一具体时间发生的动作，与现在没什么联系。,I have lost my pen.,I lost my pen yesterday.,17,1 We,have studied,English for about five years. We,began,to study it five years ago.,2 Eric,left,home last year and,has just come,back.,3 Justin,has been,away from home for several days. He,disappeared,last Friday.,4 They,bought,this house three years ago and they,have lived,here since then.,5 My brother,went,to see my grandpa last week. He,has visited,him three times this month.,18,Practice,The,tape recorder _ (be) out of order,last week.,We _ (have) it repaired the day,Before yesterday.,It _ (be) in good condition ever since.,We _ (know) each other since we,_ (be) boys.,was,had,has been,have known,were,19,Exercise:Page 8,My friend Jack has just sent me an e-mail, telling me about his travels around the world. He,has just been,(just,be) to Qomolangma Base Camp and _,(see),a Yeti there. He is still very excited about it. He _ (visit) the Great Pyramid in Egypt too. He says that he _,(love),Egypt but he _,(not visit),all the pyramids yet.,saw,has visited,loves,hasnt visited,20,He _,(swim),in Loch Ness, but luckily he _,(never meet),the Loch Ness Monster! He _,(dive),in the Indian Ocean many times,looking for treasure. Although he _,(find,)many sunken ships, he _,(not find),any treasure.,_ he _,(be),to the Great Wall before? Im not surebut I have.,has swum,has never met,has dived,has found,hasnt found,Has,been,21,The present continuous tense,现在完成进行时构成,have/has + been +,现在分词,22,现在完成进行时的用法,现在完成进行时表示在过去某一时刻开始一直,持续到现在的动作，这一动作很可能还要延续下去。,She,has been talking,to me since she saw me.,瞬间动词（如：finish, marry, get up,come, go等）不能用现在完成进行时。,23,现在完成进行时常和all this morning, these few days, all night, this month, recently 等状语以及since和for 所引导的状语短语或从句连用。,24,现在完成时和现在完成进行时的主要区别,现在完成进行时,着重表示动作的,延续性,，而,现在完成时,着重表示动作的,结果,。,She has read this book.,She has been reading this book.,I have worked here for three years.,I have been working here for 3 years.,25,现在完成时,可表示,反复发生的,动作，提问时用,how many times,。,而,现在完成进行时,则表示,持续的、不间断的,动作，提问时用,how long。,I have visited Egypt,twice,this month.,How many times,have you visited Egypt?,I have been visiting Egypt,for two months,.,How long,have you visited Egypt?,26,have been observing,have been talking,have been taking,have been watching,have seen,have been writing,27,- I am sorry I _ (keep) you waiting so long.,- it is all right. I _ (read) the newspapers.,CCTV _ (broadcast),English programmes ever sine 1977.,have kept,have been reading,has been broadcasting,practice,28,English weekly 15 第三版,Translation,29,Thank you!,30,Homework!,习案: Grammar and usage,单项选择和句子翻译,31,请用现在完成时或现在完成进行时填空。,Since she is out of job,lucy,_ (consider) going back to school, but she _ (decide) yet.,He _ (learn) a great deal since he joined in the company.,32,3. -_ you _ (see) my dictionary?,-Yes, I put it in your desk just now.,4. This is the third time that I _,(visit) hong kong.,5. sorry, I late. I was caught in the traffic jam.,thats all right. I _ (not wait) long.,33,1. _ that dress when I first saw you at the,station?,A. Were you wearing B. Have you worn,C. Did you wear D. do you wear,2. Kate doesnt look very well. Whats wrong,with her?,She has a headache because she _ too,long; she ought to stop work.,A. has been reading B. had read,C. is reading D. was reading,3. “Tell the students to stop shouting. We _,our essays .”,A. write B. have been writing,C. are writing D. have written,34,4. My uncle, Sam,_ manager of the firm.,A. has just made B. is just being made,C. has just been made D. is just made,5. This is the first time the students _ to,Hyde Park.,A. have gone B. have been gone,C. have been going D. are being gone,6. She _ her mothers work since she was,admitted into hospital.,A. is doing B. has been doing,C. has done D. has been done,7. Now that you _ , what are you going to do?,A. are being returned B. have been returning,C. have been returned D. have returned,35,8. I _ the incident as if it were yesterday.,A. am still to remember,B. have still been remembering,C. am being still remembered,D. still remember,9. Where_ the map? I cant see anywhere.,I _ it right here just now.,A. did you put; have put B. have you put; put,C. had you put; was putting,D. were you putting; have put,10. John told Mary that he _ what he was doing during the vacation.,A. was just asked B. was just asking,C. had just been asked D. had just asked,36,11. I started my teaching career at the school. That was more than twenty years ago, and I _ there ever since.,A. was B. had been C. will be D. have been,12. We _ fine weather for the past few days.,A. have B. are having,C. have been had D. have been having,13. It _ every day so far this month.,A. is raining B. rains,C. has rained D. has been rained,14. By the end of last year they _ 1,000 machines.,A. turned out B. had turned out,C. would turn out D. had been turned out,37,15. Dont put the waste on the ground.,Oh, Im very sorry. I _ the dustbin there.,A. dont see B. isnt seeing,C. didnt see D. havent seen,16. Good heavens! There you are! We _ anxious about you. We _ you back much earlier all through the night.,A. are; expect B. were; had expected,C. will be; are expecting,D. have been; were expecting,38,1. It has come here for a few weeks. 2. She has joined the Party for several weeks.,1. It came here a few weeks ago.或It has been here for a few weeks. 2. She joined the Party several weeks ago. 或She has been a Party member for several weeks. 大家一定要注意，像come, marry, join, arrive, leave, begin, die, stop等这样的瞬间动词，它们所表示的动作是在一刹那间或很短的一段时间内完成的；因此，它们的完成时怎么能够和表示,一段时间的状语连用呢？,39,Practice,-_ you _ my pen? (see),-Yes, I _ it on your desk just now.,Have,seen,saw,40,2）现在完成时表示过去延续到现在的行为；一般过去时着重过去某一时刻的某一具体动作。,She has been an English teacher for 5 years.,She was an English teacher for 5 years.,她当了五年英语老师了。,她当过五年英语老师。,41,表示短暂时间动作的词如：,come, go, die, marry, buy, leave, join 等的完成时不能与for, since等词连用。,42,The disappearance of Justin (make)Kelly very unhappy.,has made,We use the present perfect tense to talk about things that happened in the recent past, but are connected to the present.,43,I (not see)Justin since last Friday night,have not seen,We also use the present perfect tense to talk about something that started in the past, and is still happening now,.,44,We use the present perfect tense when the exact time of an action is not clear or important. We use it with time expressions such as:,already yet just for since ever never lately recently,45,We use,already,for affirmative statements and,yet,for negative statements.,The boy has already come here.,I havent heard anything from him yet.,We use,for,+ a period of time and,since,+ a point in time.,We havent seen him for two years.,We havent seen him since 2002,46,We use,the present perfect tense,to talk about actions that were completed only a short time ago.,The police,have,just,finished,searching the area.,We can also use the present perfect tense for repeated actions.,Some villagers say that,they,have been UFOS many times .,47,Present perfect continuous tense,We use the present perfect continuous tense,to talk about actions that started in the past,and are still continuing.,48,I have not been sleeping well since I returned home,I returned home,I am still not sleeping well.,Not being able to sleep well,Past,present,49,We also use the present perfect continuous,tense to talk about actions that have just,finished but are still connected to the present,in some way .,50,Kelly :sorry , Im late . Have you been waiting long ?,Mavis :Yes. Ive been waiting for an hour.,Past,Kelly arrives.,Mavis started waiting for Kelly,present,One hour ago,51,We form the present perfect continuous,tense with have /has been and the present,participle of the verb.,52,Present perfect or present perfect continuous?We use the present perfect tense to talk about an action completed in the recent past , and the present perfect continuous tense for an action that started in the past and is still happening.,53,Li Jia has read a book about stonehenge.,(She finished reading the book.),54,Li Jia has been reading a book about stonehenge.,(She is still reading the book.),55,2.We can use,the present,perfect tense,for,repeated,actions,and,the present,perfect continuous tense,for,non-stop actions,.,56,I _Egypt twice this month.,I _ Egypt for two months.,has visited,has been touring,57,2.We usually use,the present perfect tense to ask questions beginning with,how many /,much, and the,present perfect continuous tense to ask questions,beginning with,how long,.,58,How many,times,have,you swum,in the lake?,How long have,you,been swimming,in the lake,?,59,3.We can use either,a state verb or an action verb with the present perfect tense,but we usually can only use,an action verb with the present perfect continuous tense,.,60,1)I,have had,this camera for five years.,2)I,have action,photos of UFOs with this camera.,3)I,have been writing,photos of UFOs with this camera.,state verb,action verb,action verb,61,5.We use,the present perfect tense, not the present perfect continuous tense,with the words like never, yet, already and ever,.,Ive never visited Paris.,Ive already been to Paris.,62,Choose the right words,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,63,Where do you think the boy has been waiting?,What have the aliens been travelling in? What does it look like?,Who else have the aliens talked to?,What other planets have the aliens visited?,64,Sample answers,B 1 He has been waiting at an underground station.,2 They have been traveling in an UFO. It looks like a saucer.,3 They probably have talked to animals or plants on the earth as well as creatures on other plants.,4 They have visited Mars, Venus, Jupiter and some other planets.,65,Key sentences:,Police in American,have stepped up,their search for a fifteen-year-old boy,People,have shown,great interest in his disappearance,I,havent seen,Justin since.,Some people in Dover also say that they,have seen,aliens.,Police,have not ruled out,the possibility that Justin was taken by aliens, but ,who,has taken,charge of the case.,have/has(not)+past participle,66,Ex:,A:Have you_ been to New York,?,B: No, I haven,t,been to New York_.I have gone to Beijing_ . But I will go to New York this summer.,A:Im sure youll like it.Hey, do you know that my family have owned a plane_,1920,.,B:I dont believe your family have had a plane_,over 80 years,.,A:In fact, you have seen it in the sitting room_.,B:Yes,I have_ noticed it.,But I have seen it,many,times,.,Its only a model.,ever,recently/lately,since,for,already,yet,just,once/twice/,three times/,yet, ever, recently/lately, since, for, already, just,67,for or since?,We havent seen him for,two years,.,We havent seen him since,2003,.,since+a point in time,for + a period of time,I havent heard from Tom _ 2000.,We have known each other _5 years.,since,for,68,Focus Two,Present perfect tense,& Simple past tense,69,Jim moved to Nanjing,four years ago,.,Jim has lived in Nanjing,for four years,.,past,present,70,Blank filling:,UFOs or Unidentified Flying,Objects are objects or phenomena in the sky that cannot be well explained.,For thousands of years, people_ (see) things they _ (not understand) in the sky. A businessman named Washington _ (,e,ver,see,) nine shiny, round objects flying through the air. He_(tell) a newspaper reporter they_(look) like “pie plates skipping over water”. The reporter therefore _ (use) the words “flying saucer” in his story,since,then,and today thats another popular name for UFOs.,have seen,didnt understand,has ever seen,told,looked,has used,71,Pair-work:,1.,Suppose that you read the book called Lake Tianchi Monster.,2. Meanwhile your friend knows nothing about it.,3. Make up a dialogue with the using of simple past tense and present perfect tense.,4. You may refer to the passage on Page 91 to get some detailed information about Tianchi Monster.,72,Comics:,The tiger,has been dancing,since he had his breakfast.,Past,Presen,t,Future,73,Focus Three,Present perfect continuous tense,74,Searching:,I,havent been sleeping,well since I returned home.,So we,have been looking,at other possibilities too, such as murder.,have/has(not)+been+-ving.,75,Homework,Part C1 and C2 on page 88 in Workbook,Prepare Task,76,