本科口译(上)：口译中的听辩(一)

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,口译中的听辩,A,reform of thinking pattern while listening,外语学习中的“听”和口译活动时的“听”,外语学习中的“听”,口译活动时的听”,标准音、声音清晰,不同口音、环境干扰,材料可控,内容不可控,（语速、难度、知识面、长短、连贯性、逻辑性、专业性等）,学习语言或答题，压力和责任小,完成工作，压力和责任大,听懂就可，重在理解,为说而听，兼顾表达,记字词,记意思,有提示,无提示,听清并记住全部字词不一定有利于口译,口译试练。听音，脑记、手记随意，口译，录音，听录音,今天外边下着大雪，天气严,寒,，但是我的心是,热,的。,我早已盼望,在剑桥同老师、同学们,见面,，,互相交流,。现在,正是金融危机的严,冬季节，但是我看到,年轻人,，仿佛看到了,春,天，看到了,光明和未来,。因为我,坚信,，,知识的力量，年轻人的勇气,，是可以,改变人的命运、国家的命运、整个世界的命运,。一篇,好的演讲,应该是,不加修饰,的。,用心说话,，讲真话，这就是演讲的实质。我希望我的演讲能够给老师、同学们思想以,启迪,。你们能够,记住其中一两句话,，那我也就满足了。,Its snowing heavily and severely cold outside, but I feel completely the opposite. Ive long wanted to come to Cambridge University and to meet you. Now we are in this bleak winter of financial crisis, but when I see young people, I see the coming of spring, brightness and future because I firmly believe that the power of knowledge and the courage of the youth will change the fate of the human race, of one country and of the whole world. Modification does not make a good speech, but speaking by heart does. I hope what I say today can be inspiring.,And I will be honored if one or two sentences shall be remembered.,口译时该如何听,从听字词转变为听意思,从听语言形式转变为听内在含义：所以听意不听词，得意而忘形。,岌岌可危,Dangerous, great danger, walking on the ice, hanging by a threadhair, on the ropes,听的时候经常问自己：发言人要说什么意思？听意不听词，不一定要听清每一个词。,有人说我的脑子像电脑，数字， 高兴，忧虑，改革开放：,GDP,，,9%,，外汇储备,3000,亿美元：高兴。,有人说我的脑子像电脑，我确实装了很多数字，这些数字有些使我高兴，也有使我忧虑的，比如说中国改革开放以来，,GDP,增长平均在,9%,以上，中国的外汇储备达到了,3000,亿美元，这是使我高兴的。,several ways to prepare for sleeping: work late: a short break, restful before. A bedtime drink, but coffee or tea , caffeine, awake.,There are several ways to prepare for sleeping: people who work late should try to give themselves a short break and do something restful before going to bed. A bedtime drink can also help, but coffee or tea should be avoid as they contain caffeine and will keep you awake.,信息听辨是整个口译过程的起点和基础。信息听辨不仅要求译员辨识原文的内容，听懂原文的意义，还需要译员在此基础上把握原文的关键概念和逻辑关系，为口译的顺利进行打下良好的基础。为了迅速有效地把握原文的关键概念和逻辑关系，,译员需要分别掌握关键词听辨和逻辑关系听辨这两大技能。,关键词；逻辑,听辨关键词,听辨关键词是指译员为了更好地记忆信息，有选择地提取原文少数词语并快速记忆其意义的过程。,遵循三原则：,一是听辨关键词是为了满足译员记忆原文信息的需要，关键词更多起到的是提示作用，译员可以借助关键词迅速回忆原文的主要内容；,二，选取关键词时数量不能过多，译员要用尽可能少的关键词记忆原文的主要内容。,三，记忆关键词时以其意义为主，词的形态不是听辨的重点。,关键词听辨训练可以分为两个阶段：关键词的选择和关键词的精简。,关键词（,key words,）的选择,There is also a lot of,difference,between the,East,and the,West,in terms of,management,.,词汇层面：名词、动词等实词,句法层面：主语、谓语、宾语或表语等句子主干,语意层面：已知信息,+,新信息,语气层面：重读、强调、重复,东西管理大不同,如今,中国的电影市场,非常,火爆,，一到,节假日,，各个影院售票处就会排起,长,长的买票,队,伍，而电影放映,表,上也排得,满,满当当。,我,建议,，国家,有关部门,应该,加大,对,教育,的,投入,，并进一步,深化教育体制改革,，尤其,是高考考试招生,制度的改革。,现在学校开设的诸如,英语实验班、美术实验班等项目满足,了很多学生的,个性化需求,，有,利于,学生的,全面发展,。,在农村,，,由于外出务工人员增多,，出现了越来越,多的留守儿童,。这些留守儿童由于,与父母长期远离,，,无法感受,父母情感上的,关爱和呵护,，与父母的,感情相对淡薄,。,在我国民间传统节日中，,最,受人们,重视,的要算,春节,了。春节期间的,庆祝活动,比起其他节日来,更为丰富,多采，而且这些活动都具有特别浓郁的节日,特色,。,Many Americans want to achieve financial independence from their parents as early as possible, because they can start to stand on their own feet and take care of themselves.,If you made a mistake and want others to forgive you, you could give them an apology, and, if necessary, make promises of no further offense.,Most westerners do not get very close to each other. Instead, they would keep a distance and respect each others privacy, which may include age and income.,Nowadays fast food is very popular. You can find fast food chains in every corner of the city, and busy families increasingly rely on take-out food in their working days.,Principally the public education should forbid the existence of the so called “key school”. The answer is simple: public education should be impartial to all students, regardless of their grades.,关键词的精简,限制关键词的数量，提高口译的效率,有利于口译学习者养成重脑记重分析的良好习惯，在以后的口译笔记阶段摆脱对笔记的依赖。,词语搭配,层面：,新一届政府必将克服各种困难，满足人民群众的需求，实现预定的目标。,困难、需求、目标,句子逻辑关系：,I became so addicted to video games, and even though I tried so hard to divert my attention elsewhere, in the end I would often give up and continue to play games.,上瘾、,虽,转移、但,继续,北方的房子强调,厚重,，比如说在选材上，他们会尽量选择一些,砖石,为主的材料。南方的房子强调的是,通透,，选材多采用,木,结构。,有一份调查报告比较了男女双方对恋爱的,积极,程度的,差异,，结果显示，无论是对爱情的,信心,，还是寻爱的,努力,程度，,女,生的得分明显,高,于男生。,随着世界,全球化,不断加快步伐，,西,方文化大量涌,进中国,，如何,保护,中华民族的,传统,礼仪，与西方礼仪进行合理有效的,融合,，成为人们不断思考和探讨的,话题,。,就日常打招呼而言，中国人大多会说,“吃了吗？”、“上哪呢？”,等等，这体现了人与人之间的一种,亲切感,。可对西方人来说，这种打招呼,的方式会令对方感到尴尬甚至不快,，因为西方人会认为对方在询问他们的,私生活,。,调查显示，中国大部分家庭还是,三代同堂,，但传统儿孙满堂的家庭“金字塔”已经迅速演变为,“,421,”,的“倒金字塔”式家庭结构，即“,2,个结婚的独生子女，,4,个父母长辈，和,1,个小孩”。,When Americans disagree with someones opinion, their statement is usually followed by a reason or an explanation of why they disagree.,American often joke that in their life there are two things that they cannot avoid, namely, death and tax.,The most popular students on the U.S. campus are not the ones with good academic performance, but those who are “sports stars”.,The internet is extremely important in our daily life. We use it to search and collect all sorts of information, or to send and receive emails.,I think the only worthwhile knowledge is the information that could be used, so it is pointless to make students memorize useless facts that they would quickly forget.,