英语句子的种类及练习课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,英语句子的种类,1,一,、,句子种类两种分类法,(,一,)、按句子的用途可分四种：,1,、,陈述句（肯定、否定）：,He is six years old;,She didnt hear of you before.,2,、,疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：,Do they like skating?,How old is he?,Is he six or seven years old?,Mary can swim, cant she?,3,、,祈使句：,Be careful, boys;,Dont talk in class,4,、,感叹句：How clever the boy is!,2,1、陈述句 说明一个事实或陈述一个看法，有肯定式和否定式，语序是主语在前，谓语在后。,She arrived early.,She can not have arrived now.,注：1）,半否定句,I,hardly,know anything about it.,2）,部分否定句,与,全否定句,I dont like both the films.,I like neither Cathy nor Mary.,3),否定转移,I dont think it will be very cold today.,(believe, expect, suppose, imagine),3,2、,疑问句,（1）疑问句的主要交际功能是提出问题，询问情况。,分为一般疑问句、选择疑问句、特殊疑问句和反意疑问句。,(2)、疑问句 的分类,4,1）一般疑问句,用来询问一件事，答案通常是yes或 no，注意语序。,Have you,anything,to say?,Did,someone,phone me last night?,否定疑问句,Cant,you understand it?,Isnt,it a beautiful lake?,-,Havent,you been to the UK?,-,No, I havent.,5,2）特殊疑问句,1.特殊疑问句的定义;,以特殊疑问词开头，对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。,常用的疑问词有：,what who whom whose which,when where how why等。,6,2.特殊疑问句有两种语序,（1）陈述语序,Who was the first man in space?,（2）倒装语序,Whom are you talking about?,注：A、简略式,Why not go alone? Why get so angry?,How/What about taking a rest?,B、复杂特殊疑问句,What,do you,think,he has,done?,7,3）选择疑问句,选择疑问句（alternative questions）,一般提出两种或两种以上的可能，问对方选择哪一种。,其结构可用一般疑问句，也可用特殊疑问句，供选择的两部分由or连接，前者用升调，后者用降调，如：,Will you go there by bus or by train？,What would you like，coffee or tea？,8,(1),以一般疑问句为基础,Is he a teacher,or,a doctor,or,a policeman?,Shall I help you,or,can you manage?,(2),以特殊疑问句为基础,Which do you prefer, red wine,or,white?,How shall we go there? By bus,or,by train?,(3) or not构成的选择疑问句Do you want to buy it or not？,9,4)： 反意疑问句,A、含义,：,在一个陈述句之后附上一个简短的疑问句，对陈述句提出相反的疑问，这种疑问句叫反意疑问句。,如：,1.,He,is,clever,isnt he,?,2. We,speak,Chinese,dont we,?,10,B、结构：,结构一：,前肯，,+,后否,eg. He,is,clever,isnt,he?,结构二： 前否，,+,后肯,eg. He,isnt,clever,is,he?,11,结构一：,前肯，,+,后否,Be,动词：,1. You,are,an actor, _ _ ?,2. He,is,a good boy, _ _ ?,3. It,was,fine yesterday, _ _ ?,4. You,were,studying when I called,you last night, _ _ ?,5. She,is,going to visit me, _ _?,6.,I,am,Chinese, _ _?,arent you,isnt he,wasnt it,werent you,isnt she,arent I,12,行为动词：,1. It often,rains,here, _ _ ?,2. He,likes,soccer, _ _ ?,3. You,have,a headache, _ _ ?,4. I,called,you yesterday, _ _?,其它动词：,1. You,will,go to America, _ _ ?,2. We,have,ever been to Shanghai,_ _ ?,doesnt it,doesnt he,dont you,didnt I,wont you,havent we,13,C、特殊用法,(一,）,1. His mother,is,a doctor, _ _ ?,2. The dogs,are,fighting, _ _?,There is,a boy in our classroom,_ _ ?,4.,There were,many cars in the street,_ _ ?,5.,There will,be robots in our families,_ _ ?,isnt she,arent they,isnt there,werent there,wont there,14,三、特殊用法,(二,）,6.,Sit,down please, _ ?,7. Please,call,me, _?,8.,Let,s,go home, _ ?,9.,Let,us,go home, _ ?,10.,Let,me,see, _ ?,will / wont you,shall / shant we,will / wont you,will / wont you,will / wont you,15,结构二：,前否，,+,后肯,1. You,arent,an actor, _ _ ?,2. He,isnt,a good boy, _ _ ?,3. It,wasnt,fine yesterday, _ _ ?,4. It,doesnt rain,here, _ _ ?,5. His sister,doesnt have,a headache,_ _ ?,6. You,didnt call,me yesterday,_ _?,are you,is he,does it,does she,was it,did you,16,7. You,wont,go to U.S.A., _ _?,8. There,isnt,a boy in our classroom,_ _ ?,9.,There werent,many cars in the street,_ _ ?,10.,Dont,smoke, _ _ ?,11.,Dont,lets do it, _ _ ？,will you,is there,were there,will you,shall we,17,3、祈使句,表达命令、要求、请求、劝告等，用原形。,1）带第二人称的祈使句,Be quiet, please. Dont make any noise!,You,call a taxi. Dont,you,forget it.(强调),Give me a hand, will/wont/would/wouldnt you?,2）带第一、三人称的祈使句,Let me try again. Lets go. Let us go.,Lets not say anything about it./Dont lets say,Let him be here by 10 oclock.,18,注意：,1、加强语气,Do be careful of my broken leg.,Do let me have another try.,2 、祈使句的省略式,A :Shall I open the window?,B :Yes, please,do,./ No, please,dont,.,A :Shall we watch the game?,B :Yes,lets,.,19,4、,“感叹句”,所谓感叹句，就是用来表达喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子。,20,What a good time we had last night!,What interesting films !,What fine weather we have today!,How foolish she is!,How clearly you speak!,How clever a boy he is!,21,A、感叹句的句式 感叹句一般由what或how开头，句末加感叹号“！”。,What修饰名词，,how修饰形容词、副词、动词。,22,一）以what开头的感叹句,1.“What + a(an) + 形容词 + 单数可数名词 + (主语 + 谓语)！” 如：,What a clever boy (he is)!,What a pity!,2.“What + 形容词 + 复数可数名词 + （主语 + 谓语）！”如：,What beautiful flowers (they are)!,3.“What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + （主语 + 谓语）！”如：,What fresh milk (it is)!,What fun!,23,二）以how开头的感叹句,1.“How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语！”如：,How beautiful the girl is!,2.“How + 形容词 + a(an) + 单数可数名词 + （主语 + 谓语） +！”如：,How good an example he set for us!,3.“How + 副词 + 主语 + 谓语！”如：,How fast he runs!,4.“How + 主语 + 谓语！”如：,How time flies!,24,B、陈述句变为感叹句的方法,把一个陈述句变为感叹句时，常使用“一分二加三换位四去掉”的方法。具体步骤为：,第一步：“一分”，,即在谓语动词后面划一双竖线，使句子分为两部分。如：,He is a very honest boy.,他是一个诚实的孩子。,Li Lei works very hard.,李雷学习很刻苦。,25,第二步：“二加”即如果第二部分的中心词是名词，就加上what；如果是形容词或副词，就加上how.如：He is (what) a very honest boy.Li Lei works(how) very hard.,26,第三步：“三换位”即把第一部分与第二部分互换位置，句号换位感叹号。如：What a very honest boy he is!How very hard Li Lei works!,27,第四步：“四去掉”即原陈述句中含有very, too等程度副词时，在变成感叹句时要去掉。以上两个句子就应该变为以下形式：What an honest boy he is!How hard Li Lei works!,28,C、特殊形式的感叹句,一）在陈述句或疑问句句尾加感叹号，表示某种强烈的感情。如：,He is a kind-hearted man!,Have you ever read such an interesting book before!,二）用词或短语表示的感叹句。如：,Wonderful!妙极了！,Good idea!好主意！,Well done!干得好！,Great!棒极了！,29,D.感叹句的转换,what与how引导的感叹句，一般情况下可以相互转换，转换后意义不变。如：,What an interesting story it is!,=How interesting the story is!,what a beautiful building it is!,=How beautiful the building is!,30,Exercise:,一。,用How , What (a / an) 填空,1. _ a heavy box !,2. _ heavy the box is !,3. _ hard work !,4._ hard the work is !,5. _ wonderful the film is !,6. _ a wonderful film !,31,_ delicious food it is !,_interesting film!,_bad weather !,_good day !,_tall the boy is !,_good news it is !,_beautiful clothes they are !,_ nice teacher he is !,_nice Tom is !,_ hard work !,_ hard job !,What,What an,What,What a,How,What,What,What a,How,What,What a,32,Exercise:,二、句型转换,1 .What a heavy rain !,_ _ the rain is !,2. How interesting the boy is !,_ _ interesting boy !,33,( 二 )、按句子的结构可分三种：,简单句 (simple sentence),并列句 (compound sentence),复合句 (complex sentence),34,1.简单句 (simple sentence),只,包含一个主谓结构,Mary,opened,the door.,两个主语和一个谓语,Steve,and,his friend,are coming to dinner.,一个主语和两个谓语,Mary,opened,the door and,greeted,the guests.,35,简单句的,五种基本句型,36,(1) 主语+连系动词+表语(S+V+P ),The weather,is,very cold.,(2) 主语+不及物动词(S+Vi ) +adv,He,laughed,.,(3) 主语+及物动词+宾语(S+Vt+O ),I,like,Chinese food,.,Vi,Vt,37,(4) 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 (S+Vt+IO+DO),She taught,them,physics,.,(5) 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(S+Vt+O+C),We must keep the room,warm,.,IO,DO,38,请说出下列句子类型。,1.Summer is coming.,2.They wont let me go.,3.He showed me a new TV set.,4.She knows what to do.,5.The weather is very cold.,S+Vi,S+V+C,S+V+IO+DO,S+V+O,S+V+P,S+V+PS+ViS+Vt+OS+Vt+IO+DOS+Vt+O+C,39,2.并列句(compound sentence):,把两个或几个简单句用,并列连词,连接起来，则成为一个并列句。,40,I turned on the TV.,I watched it.,I turned on the TV,and,watched it.,I bought my sister a present.,She didnt like it.,I bought my sister a present,but,she didnt like it.,并列句,并列句,41,常用并列连词coordinating conjunctions,平行并列连词:,转折并列连词：,因果并列连词:,选择并列连词:,and, bothand, not only,but also, neithernor,but, however, while, yet,when,for, so,therefore,or,otherwise,eitheror,42,并列句的分类,1、The teachers name is Smith, and the students name is John.,2、Hurry up, or youll miss the train.,3、He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.,4、August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.,43,1.August is the time of the year for harvesting , _every day I work from dawn until dark.,2.He is a basketball fan,_ his wife is a volleyball fan.,3.Honey is sweet,_ the bee stings.,4.Dont be late, _there is a meeting.,5.Hurry up, _youll be late.,6.He works hard _his brother is a lazy bone.,7.He was enjoying his KFC _ a friend came.,练习一 ：用连词填空,so,and,but,for,or,while,when,44,请用合适的,并列连词,把每组句子合并为一个并列句。,1.He was tired.,He went to bed.,2.The child hid behind his mothers,skirt. He was afraid of the dog.,He was tired,so,he went to bed.,The child hid behind his mothers skirt,for,he was afraid of the dog.,45,He made a promise.He didnt keep it.,He made a promise,but,he didnt keep it.,Mary is opening the door.,John is greeting her guests.,Mary is opening the door,and,John is greeting her guests.,46,3.复合句:主句+从句,主句是一个完整的句子(independent sentence),它可以独立存在。,从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须和一个主句连用，不能独立存在.,47,By the time he arrived,1,we had already left,.,2,请指出该复合句的主句和从句部分。,从句,主句,48,在复合句中，主要包含以下类型,从句,：,1.主语从句 2.宾语从句,3.表语从句 4.同位语从句,5.状语从句 6.定语从句,49,中学生英文写作中经常,使用的从句有：,宾语从句,状语从句,定语从句,50,指出下列各从句的类型：,I hope,that everything is all right.,She was reading the newspaper,when I came in,.,She is the girl,who sings best of all.,宾语从句,状语从句,定语从句,51,He has found out .She was late.(why),请用括号中所给的词把每组句子连接为一个复合句。,I still remember the day .I first came to Beijing on that day.(when),I still remember the day,when,I first,came to Beijing.,He has found out,why,she was late.,52,请把每组句子连接为一个含有,状语从句,复合句。,Ill give the letter to him .I see him.,(,时间,状语从句,),He didnt come yesterday .He was ill.,(,原因,状语从句,),It is such a big box .Nobody can move it.,(,结果,状语从句,),Well go to the great wall .Its fine,tomorrow. (,条件,状语从句,),We should not go there all the time.,The place is quite pleasant.(,让步,状语从句,),53,Ill give the letter to him when I see him.,He didnt come yesterday because he was ill.,It is such a big box that nobody can move it.,Well go to the great wall if its fine tomorrow.,Although the place is quite pleasant, we should not go there all the time.,有下划线的词叫,从属连词,(subordinating conjunction),54,9种状语从句 即用作状语的分句,可作下列状语：,1、时间（after, before, as, when, while, since, till, until, whenever ,as long as, as soon as; the moment, every time, next time; no soonerthan, hardlywhen ）；,2、地点（where, wherever） ；,3、方式（as, as if, as though） ；,4、程度/比较（asas , more than, ） ；,55,5、原因（because, since, as, now that ,that） ；,6、结果（,so that ,sothat ,suchthat） ；,7、目的（so that ,in order that ,in case） ；,8、条件（if, unless） ；,9、让步（though ,although, even if, even though , so ,whenever ,wherever, whoever ,whichever,however ,no matter how, whether） 。,56,并列复合句,即并列连词连接了带从句的并列句。,English is widely used in the world,but,China has the largest number of people,who speak Chinese,.,57,请用所学知识改正下列病句,My roommate was sleeping,we didnt want to wake her up.,I went to bed.Because I was,tired.,58,My roommate was sleeping .,We didnt want to wake her up.,My roommate was sleeping, so,we didnt want to wake her up.,I went to bed because I was,tired.,59,练习二、简单句、并列句和复合句,一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：,1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.,2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.,3. There is a chair in this room, isnt there?,4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.,简单句,复合句,简单句,简单句,60,5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.,6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.,7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.,8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isnt it?,9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.,10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.,并列句,复合句,并列句,复合句,简单句,简单句,61,三、选择填空：,1. Give me one more minute _ Ill be able to finish it.,A. andB. orC. ifD. so,2. Its the third time that John has been late, _?,A. hasnt heB. isnt he,C. isnt it D. hasnt it,3. _ joyful he was to meet his brother again!,A. HowB. WhatC. What aD. What an,62,4. Let us pass, _?,A. shant weB. shall weC. wont weD. will you,5. I suppose hes serious, _ ?,A. do IB. dont IC. is heD. isnt he,6. You had better not smoke here, _?,A. will you B. had you,C. shall you D. have you,7. Train as hard as you can _ youll win the swimming competition.,A. thenB. butC. andD. or,63,8. Im sorry to have to say this, _ you forgot to turn off the lights when you left the room last night.,A. andB. butC. so D. because,9. John has not yet passed the driving test, and _.,A. Henry hasnt too B. Henry also has not either,C. neither Henry has D. neither has Henry,10. There are many sports lovers in his office. Some love climbing, _ others enjoy swimming.,A. orB. for,C. while D. so,11. - Do you feel like going out _ would you rather have dinner at home?,- Id like to go out.,A. or B. and C. butD. so,64,12. - “_ is the temperature today?”,-“Its 38 degrees.”,A. WhichB. HowC. How hot D. How high,13. - Your uncle isnt an engineer, is he?- _.,A. Yes, he isnt B. No, he isntC. No, he is D. He is,14. _ friendly _ to everyone!,A. How, is sheB. What, is sheC. How, she isD. What, she is,15. Mary went to bed early, _ she felt very tired.,A. orB. soC. for D. yet,65,16. Mother _ a dress when she cut her finger.,A. was makingB. makesC. is makingD. made,17. He lay in bed _ read something borrowed from library.,A. butB. andC. orD. yet,18. - Id really like some lunch but I have so much work to do.,- _ what you want and I can get it for you.,A. Tell me B. If you would say to me,C. You will tell me D. If you tell me,19. As he is strong, _ can lift one hundred pounds.,A. yet heB. but heC. andD. he,66,20. - I thought you had an umbrella.,- I had, _ Ive lost it.,A. sinceB. butC. because D. so,21. _ down the radio - the babys asleep in the next room.,A. Turning B. To turnC. Turned D. Turn,22. - I dont like chicken _ fish.,- I dont like chicken _ I like fish very much.,A. and, andB. and, but,C. or, and D. or, but,23. - Would you like to come to dinner tonight?- Id like to, _ Im too busy.,A. andB. soC. asD. but,67,24. Would you like a cup of coffee _ shall we get down to business right away?,A. andB. thenC. or D. otherwise,25. She set out soon after dark _ home an hour later.,A. arrivingB. to arriveC. having arrivedD. and arrived,26. “Cant you read?” Mary said _ to the notice.,A. angrily pointingB. and point angrilyC. angrily pointedD. and angrily pointed,27. She thought I was talking about her daughter, _, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.,A. whom B. where C. which D. while,68,28. _ it with me and Ill see what I can do.,A. When leftB. LeavingC. If you leaveD. Leave,29. - Alice, you feed the bird today, _?- But I fed it yesterday.,A. do youB. will youC. didnt youD. dont you,30. _ him and then try to copy what he does.,A. MindB. Glance atC. Stare atD. Watch,69,四、按要求完成下列句子：,1. He dares to tell the truth.（改为否定句）,2. They have lived here,for more than ten years,.（对画线部分提问）,3. There will be a sports meet at the end of this month, _?（完成反意疑问）,wont there,How long have they lived here?,He doesnt dare to tell the truth.,或He dare not tell the truth.,70,4. You must be careful with your pronunciation.（改为祈使句）,5. They went for a walk after supper yesterday evening.(改为一般疑问句),6. It is an interesting story.（改为感叹句）,What an interesting story (it is)! 或How interesting the story is!,Did they go for a walk after supper yesterday evening?,Be careful with your pronunciation.,71,7. This magazine comes out（出版）,every other week,.（对画线部分提问）,8. They could hardly believe his words, _?（完成反意疑问）,could they,How often does this magazine come out?,72,9. The moon is shining brightly.（改为感叹句）,10.,Our English teacher,is always encouraging us to speak English in class. （对画线部分提问）,10. Who is always encouraging us to speak English in class?,9. How brightly the moon is shining!,73,Bye-bye!,74,二、判断下列短文中各句是简单句、并列句还是复合句：,I hope you are very well（）. Im fine, but tired（）. Right now it is the summer vacation and Im helping my Dad on the farm（）. August is the hottest month here（）. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.（） Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors（）. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat（）. We have a lot of machines on the farm（）. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him（）. But he employs more men for the harvest（）. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden（）. It doesnt often rain in the summer here（）. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden（）. Every evening we pump water from a well（）. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden（）.,复合句,简单句,并列句,简单句,并列句,简单句,并列复合句,简单句,复合句,简单句,简单句,简单句,简单句,简单句,简单句,75,Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time（）. These parties often make us very happy（）. We cook meat on an open fire outside（）. Its great（）! Americans eat a lot of meat too much in my opinion（）. Some of my friends drink beer（）. I dont, because I have to drive home after the party（）. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States（）. There are five different time areas in the States（）. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time（）. How many different time areas do you have in China（）? Well, I must stop and get some sleep（）. Please give my best regards to your parents（）.,简单句,复合句,简单句,简单句,简单句,简单句,简单句,简单句,简单句,简单句,简单句,简单句,简单句,76,4）反意疑问句,1.Tom hardly knows French, _ ?,2.Mary didnt fail her exam, did she?,-_, she didnt.,3.You neednt come, _ you?,You need to come, _ you?,4.He had a big time there,_,he?,He had a car,_,he?,We hardly have to get up early, _ we?,5.He used to live in Leeds, _ he?,does he,No,need,dont,didnt,didnt/hadnt,do,didnt,/,usednt,77,6.Lets go to the match at once, _ we? Leave me alone, _ you?,7.They must have learned to drive, _ they?,8.No one was hurt, _ _ ?,9.There is no doubt about it, _ ?,10.I dont think Anna has to go to school on Sundays, _ she?,shall,will/wont,havent,was he/were they,is there,does,78,11 . Something must be done to solve the problem , _ ?,12 . It is impossible for him to lift such a big stone , _ ?,13 . I wish to have a talk with you , _?,14 . What a beautiful mountain , _?