高级英语第一册第九课

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Lesson 9,Mark Twain-Mirror of America,by,Noel Grove,制作人：赵霞,Mark Twain,(,1,835 -,19,10),Background,Information,Mark Twain,Introduction of his major works,The Gilded Age and The Gold Rush,About the author,S,amuel Langhorne Clemens,(November 30, 1835 April 21, 1910), better known by the pen name Mark Twain, was an American humorist, satirist, writer, and lecturer. Twain is most noted for his novels,Adventures of Huckleberry Finn,and,The Adventures of Tom Sawyer,. Clemens was a well known author in the United States, a popular comedian and monologist, and friend to presidents, artists, leading industrialists, and European royalty. Mark Twains,Adventures of Huckleberry Finn,has been called a Great American Novel. He enjoyed immense public popularity and his keen wit and incisive satire earned him praise from both critics and peers. American author William Faulkner called Twain ,the father of American literature.,”,Introduction of his major works,Mark Twain wrote novels principally ,he also wrote short stories, speeches, and non-fictions,The Gilded Age (1873),The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876),The Prince and the Pauper (1881),Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884),A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthurs Court (1889),The Tragedy of Puddnhead Wilson (1894),He also wrote some autobiographical works, including,The Innocents Abroad (1869),A Tramp Abroad (1880),Life on the Mississippi (1883),Mark Twains Autobiography.,The Gilded Age and The Gold Rush,The Gilded Age (1873), which followed Roughing It, was Twains first novel. He wrote it with his friend and fellow Hartford writer, Charles Dudley Warner. The title refers to the decades following the Civil War. This book satirizes the selfishness and money-making schemes that were common during that time,.,What is the chief end of man?-to get rich. In what way?-dishonestly if we can; honestly if we must.,- Mark Twain-1871,The saga of American wealth creation, both for the nation and for its enterprising capitalists, reached its peak during the Gilded Age, a period roughly delimited by the end of Civil War and the beginning of World War I. In America, this period was characterized by seemingly boundless economic expansion and the emergence of a new nation, which had completed the conquest of its vast Western territories and taken the lead among other nations, in industry and trade.,During the Gilded Age, every man was a potential Andrew Carnegie, and Americans who achieved wealth celebrated it as never before. In New York, the opera, the theatre, and lavish parties consumed the ruling class leisure hours.,While the rich wore diamonds, many wore rags. Rural Americans and new immigrants crowded into urban areas. Tenements spread across city landscapes, teeming with crime and filth. Americans had sewing machines, phonographs, skyscrapers, and even electric lights, yet most people labored in the shadow of poverty.,Life on the Mississippi,(1883),Life on the Mississippi,(1883) describes the history, sights, people, and legends of the steamboats and towns of the Mississippi River region. In the most vivid passages, chapters 4 through 17, Twain recalled his own piloting days. These chapters had originally been published in the Atlantic Monthly in 1875 as Old Times on the Mississippi.,The,California Gold Rush (1848 to 1859),The Gold Rush was one of the most significant events in California history. It brought people from all over the United States and the world in search for gold.,Following the discovery of gold in California in 1848, the world rushed in. Eager gold seekers headed south from Oregon; north from Mexico, Chile, and Peru; east from China and the islands of the Pacific; and west from every state in the union and countries throughout Europe. This richness of intersecting frontiers produced the most ethnically diverse region in the nation,Structure of the text,Part 1:,(par.1) A general introduction of Mark Twain,Part 2: (,par.2-20) Mark Twains main experiences and works,Part 3:,(par.21-22) Mark twains disappointment in human life in later years,Detailed Study of the text,Part 1: (,Para.,1),Part 1:,(par.1) A general introduction of Mark Twain,Introduction,The first paragraph serves as an introduction of the whole text. It provides an general appraisal of Mark Twain, the father of Hack and Tom, the nations best-loved author, and the good news and bad news.,The author adopted some rhetorical devices to illustrate,the picture, and also some very emphatic adjectives, adverbs, such as eternal, endless, every bit, profound, etc.,The first paragraph is highly conclusive.,Questions:,1. Identify and explain the metaphor in the first sentence.,2. What is the implication of the two adjectives eternal and endless?,3.Why was Twain said to be adventurous, patriotic, romantic, and humorous?,4.What did the author mean by I found another Twain.?,5.Identify and explain the metaphor in the last sentence.,Words and Expressions,cruise: A cruise is a holiday during which you travel on a ship and visit lots of places. When it is used as a verb, it means to move at a constant speed that is comfortable and unhurried.,He was on a world cruise.,cruise missile:,a missile which carries a nuclear,warhead and which is guided by a computer as it flies. It can be launched from the land, sea or air.,They spend the summer cruising in the Greek islands.,The taxi cruised off down the Changan Avenue.,cruiser: a large fast warship.,cf: aircraft carrier, helicopter carrier, battleship, flagship, destroyer, speedboat, torpedo boat, etc.,every bit as: infml, just as, quite as,He is every bit as clever as you are.,Im every bit as sorry about it as you.,Cynic: member of a school of ancient Greek philosophy that despised ease and comfort,a cynical remark, attitude, smile,Theyve grown rather cynical about democracy, ie no longer believe that it is an honest system.,obsess:,fill the mind continuously, AmE, to worry continuously and unnecessarily. If sth obsesses you or if you are obsessed with it or by it, you keep thinking about it over a long period of time, and find it difficult to think about anything else.,He became absolutely obsessed with a girl reporter on television.,She is obsessed by the desire to become a great scientist.,cf: preoccupy: to fill the thoughts or hold the interest of sb. almost completely, esp. so that not enough attention is given to other (present) matters.,Paraphrase,Mirror of America:,Metaphor. A mirror reflects or reveals the truth of something or somebody.,Most Americans remember Mark Twain as the father.,Father: metaphor. Endless: hyperbole.,The whole sentence: parallelism.,Mark Twain is famous to most Americans as the creator of Hack Finn and Tom Sawyer. Hacks sailing / voyage / journey / travel on the river was so pleasant, lighthearted, carefree, simple and peaceful that it made his boyhood seem to be infinite, while Toms independent mind and his exciting and dangerous activities made the summer seem everlasting.,Figures of Speech,Metaphor,Mirror of America,Most Americans remember Mark Twain as the father.,Understatement,Parallelism&hyperbole.,Most Americans remember Mark Twain as the father of Huck Finns idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyers endless summer of freedom and adventure. I,Detailed Study of the Text,Part II,(Para 2-20),Part 2: (,par.2-20) Mark Twains main experiences and works,Section 1. (Tramp printer. the settled United States),the setting, background knowledge,Section 2. (Young Mark.that invented retreating),early years of life on the Mississippi and as a Confederate guerrilla,Section 3. (He went west.best-seller.),On his way to success.,Section 4. (At the age.renew our edges.),Comment on his best works.,Question,1.Why can we say Twain is still a popular writer?,2.Where was the main channel of transportation in his childhood?,3.What does it mean by medicine show?,4.How do you understand the wild humorist?,5.How did he establish his literary position?,6.,Explain swept the nation, was given a life of its own.,Words and Expressions,frailty: a weakness of character or behaviour,.,One of the frailties of human nature is laziness.,That chair looks too frail to take a mans weight.,There is only a frail chance that he will pass the examination.,tramp: a person who has no home or permanent job and very little money.,Tramps go from place to place getting food and money by taking occasional job or begging. A woman who is thought to have sex with a lot of men is cursed to be a tramp. When used as a verb, tramp means to walk heavily in a particular direction or along roads or streets.,Theres a tramp at the door begging for food.,We tramped for hours through the snow.,Dont tramp about so noisily, youll wake everyone up.,cf:,盲流，”,blind flow”, unauthorized move, persons who move without government sanction,starry:,full of stars in the sky, indicating sparkling, glowing, and flashing. starry-eyed: full of unreasonable or silly hopes. If you are starry-eyed, you are so full of dreams or hopes or idealistic thoughts that you do not see how things really are.,We were all starry-eyed about visiting London.,range:,to travel without any definite plan or destination, a fairly literary use.cf: wander, range, saunter, stroll,Wander,implies the absence of a fixed course or more or less indifference to a course that has been fixed or otherwise indicated. The term may imply the movement of a walker whether human or animal, but it may be used of anything capable of direction.,His eyes wandered over the landscape.,His mind wandered and he was unsure of himself.,Range,may be preferred when literal wandering is not implied or when the stress is on the sweep of territory covered rather than on the form of locomotion involved.,He spent the summer ranging the world.,Animals range through the forests.,Saunter,stresses a leisurely pace and in idle and carefree mind.,Stroll,differs from saunter chiefly in the implications of an objective, (as sight-seeing or exercise) pursued without haste and sometimes with wandering from one place to another.,strolling (around) in the park ,adopt:,to take and use as ones own,The US government decided to adopt a hard line towards terrorists.,Congress has adopted the new measures.,I adopted their method of making the machine.,adopt a name, a custom, an idea, a style of dress ,Having no children of their own they decided to adopt an orphan / dog.,Pauls mother had him adopted because she couldnt look after him herself.,her adopted country, ie not her native country but the one in which she has chosen to live,adept: (in sth); (at/in doing sth),Shes adept at growing roses.,Hes an adept in carpentry.,adapt sth (for sth) make sth suitable for a new use, situation, etc; modify sth,This machine has been specially adapted for use underwater. This novel has been adapted for TV from the Russian original. Our eyes slowly adapted to the dark.,Paraphrase,.with the language that he soaked up with .,He absorbed and digested the colourful language with an astonishing good memory which seemed to be able to record things like a phonographic (gramophone).,main current of pioneering humanity:,metaphor, people with pioneering spirit who forms the majority, the main part of them were people with devotion/ dedication to open up new areas and prepare ways for others.,Figures of Speech,Metaphor,saw clearly ahead a black wall of night.,main artery of transportation in the young nations heart,the vast basin drained three-quarters of the settled United States,All would resurface in his books.that he soaked up.,Steamboat decks teemed.main current of.but its flotsam,When railroads began drying up the demand.,.the epidemic of gold and silver fever.,Simile:,.a memory that seemed phonographic,Personification:,.to literatures enduring gratitude.,.an entry that will determine his course forever.,the grave world smiles as usual.,Antithesis:,.between what people claim to be and what they really are.,.took unholy verbal shots at the Holy Land.,Alliteration:,.the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home,Detailed Study of the text,Part 3:,(par.21-22) Mark twains disappointment in human life in later years,Questions,1.What are Twains personal tragedies?,2. How might these tragedies influence,his personality and writing?,3. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?,4. Identify the figures used in “they vanish had existed”.,Words and Expressions,feed on sth:,be nourished or strengthened by sth,Hatred feeds on envy.,pad:,to protect or make sth more comfortable by covering or filling with soft material,a jacket with padded shoulders,He padded the seat of the chair with some foamed plastics.,n. anything made or filled with a soft material used to protect sth. or make it more comfortable, or to fill out a shape Get a pad to sit / lie on.,The football player wore a pad on his knee.,a shoulder pad,a writing pad,Now the gloves came off with biting satire.,glove / mitten,the gloves are off: sb is ready for a fight,(be) hand in glove: working in close association,He was found to be hand in glove with the enemy.,an iron fist/hand in a velvet glove: an appearance of gentleness concealing severity, determination, etc,If you describe sb. as having an iron fist in a velvet glove, you mean that they hide a firm and determined personality behind a gentle and quiet manner.,glove puppet: kind of puppet worn on the hand and worked by the fingers,bite:,a. cut into with the teeth,That dog just bit me in the leg.,Stop biting your nails!,badly bitten by mosquitoes / a snake,Once bitten, twice shy.,I tried to sell him my old car, but he wouldnt bite, ie he,b. criticize sb angrily (and often unfairly),I was only five minutes late but she really bit my head off.,biting:,causing a smarting pain,a biting wind,(of remarks) sharply critical; cutting,biting sarcasm,satire:,Satire is ridicule or irony or sarcasm that is used, esp. in plays and novels, to show how foolish or wicked some peoples behaviour or ideas are.,Now Mark Twain threw away the pretended softness and gentleness he used to adopt and became very candid, frank, outspoken, ruthless, merciless, bitter and sarcastic.,vanish:,to disappear, go out of sight, cease to exist,Vanish implies a complete, often mysterious, and usually sudden passing. It commonly suggests absence of all trace or of any clue,The thin mysterious woman passenger vanished.,The ship vanished over the horizon.,As soon as you put the dog-skin plaster on, your pain will vanish.,Our hope vanished suddenly.,Disappear,stresses only the passing from sight or thought.,I watched him until he disappeared from sight.,Fade, often with out or away, implies a gradual diminution in clearness and distinctness until the thing becomes invisible. The blue rug has faded over the years.,As evening came the coastline faded into darkness.,His hopes faded.,Paraphrase,Bitterness fed on the man who,Bitterness consumed the man, exhausted, used up all the energy of the man,Now the gloves came off with biting satire.,Now Mark Twain threw away the pretended softness and gentleness he used to adopt and became very candid, frank, outspoken, ruthless, merciless, bitter and sarcastic.,Figures of Speech,Metaphor:,Mark Twain honed and experimented with his new writing muscles.,.took unholy verbal shots.,Personification:,Bitterness fed on the man who,America laughed with him.,Personal tragedy haunted his entire life.,Antithesis:,.a world which will lament them a day and forget them forever,Homework,Comment on the language style of this essay by supplying evidences from the text.,THANK YOU,