12意大利统一

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,第十二章,意大利的统一,The Unification of Italy,提纲：,一、统一前的意大利和统一运动中的两,个派别；,二、,1859,年的对奥战争；,三、西西里的农民起义和加利波第的远,征；,四、意大利王国的建立和意大利统一的,最后完成；,Italy Before the Unification,统一前的意大利,(12-1-1),1.Kingdom of Sardinia,（,撒丁王国）,2.,Lombardy and Venetia,（,伦巴第,威尼西亚王国）,3. Parma,（,帕尔马公国）,(,the duchies ),4.,Modena,（,莫德纳公国）,5. Tuscany,（,托斯坎尼公国）,6. Papal States,（,教皇领地）,7. Kingdom of the Two,Sicilies,Mazzini,（,1805-72,）,马志尼,(12-2-2),Italian patriot and revolutionist. He founded (1831) Young Italy, a secret society with the aim of making Italy a united,Independent republic.From exile, he organized a series of unsuccessful revolts,in Italy, and helped to establish a short-lived republic in Roma(1849).His reliance on secret revolutionary methods proved less effective in uniting Italy than the more practical policies of,Cavour,.,Cavour,(1810-61),加富尔,(12-2-3),Piedmontese,皮埃蒙特,statesman. As premier of Sardinia,(1852-59, 1860-61),he gain prestige for his country by intervening the Crimean War. After his pact with Napoleon at,Plombieres,普隆比埃尔,(1858),he provoked war with Austria(1859) and obtained annexation of Southern Italian states in the new kingdom of Italy,(1861),.,Garibaldi,(1807-82),加里波第,(12-2-3),Italian patriot and soldier. He fought against the Austrians in Lombardy (1848-49) and defended,保卫,the republic established (1849) in Roma by,Mazzini,. With 1000 volunteers, his “,Redshirts,”, he captured,夺取,(1860) Sicily and Naples from the Bourbons,波旁, adding them to the territory acquired in the North by,Cavour,to form (1861) the kingdom of Italy.,Garibaldi and,Mazzini,加,里波第与,马志尼,(12-2-4),Victor Emmanuel,（,1820-78,）,维克多,艾曼努尔二世,(12-3-1),Last king of Sardinia (1849-61) and first king of Italy (1861-78).With the aid of,Cavour, he carried out many liberal reforms and obtained French support in driving the Austrians from North Italy(1859).,The Unification of Italy,(1850s to the 1870s),意大利的统一过程,1,、,1815,年的撒丁王国,2,、,1859-60,年所获领土,3,、,1860-70,年所获领土,Italian States 1858 Italy 1875,统一前后的意大利,