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,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,complementaries,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,complementaries,*,反义词,Antonymy ,ntnm,11,级师范二班,1,反义词Antonymy ntnm 11级师,Antonymy,deals with semantic opposition,语义对立,Definition,Words that are opposite in meaning,（,P131,，,para 2,，,line1,）,2,Antonymy2,Six Classes,1,）,contradictory terms,矛盾,=,complementaries,互补反义词,2,）,contrary terms,对立,3,）,relative terms,关系,4,）,reverse terms,逆反,=,converses,逆反反义词,5,）,contrasted terms,对比,6,）,incompatibles,互斥,3,Six Classes3,Antonymy,反义词,Complementaries,互补反义,Contraries,相对反义,Converses,逆反反义,4,AntonymyComplementariesContrar,I. Complementaries,互补反义词,Definition,truly represent oppositeness,of meaning.,意义的对立,Two Characteristics,（,1,）,The assertion of one is the denial of the other,非此即彼,（,2,）,Nongradable,无等级性,5,I. Complementaries互补反义词Definit,1,）,The assertion of one is the denial of the other,非此即彼,.,there is,no middle ground between,them,.,e.g. Alive,dead,He is,alive,= He is not,dead,He is,dead,=He is not,alive,male,female boy,girl,present,absent true,false,same,different imperfect,perfect,A B,半死不活？,6,1）The assertion of one is the,2,）,Nongradable,无等级,cannot be,used in comparative,比较级,or superlative,最高级,degrees,e.g. He is more dead. (,),He is the most single. (,),cannot be,modified by adverbs of intensity,程度副词,like,very,e.g. He is very/extremely single (),7,2）Nongradable无等级7,II. Contraries,相对反义词,（,gradable antonymys,等级性反义词,）,a scale running between,two poles or extremes,在两极中间游动的标尺,Three characteristics, Gradable,等级性,Relative,相对,& Subjective,主观,Middle ground,中间状态,8,II. Contraries 相对反义词（gradable,1,、,Gradable,等级性,the members of a pair,differ in terms of degree,. The denial of one is not necessarily the assertion of the other.,excellent good bad terrible,So, these words,can be,1.used in,comparative and superlative,degrees,2.modified by,adverbs of intensity,like,very,e.g. A man is,very rich,.,A man is,richer,than the other.,9,1、Gradable等级性the members of,2.Relative,&,Subjective,e.g.,Sue,s house is,big,and Mary,s house is,small,.,Sue,s house is bigger than Mary,s.,Anne,s house is,big,and Sue,s house is,small .,Anne,s house is bigger than Sue,s.,Sue,Mary,Anne,Relative,相对,10,2.Relative & Subjectivee.g. S,Subjective,主观,However, we can also say that,“,Mary,s house is,relatively big,now than before, considering the fact that that there are fewer people living with her.,”,主观上,Mary,觉得房子更大了，因为住的人少了。,2.Relative & Subjective,11,Subjective主观However, we can al,3.Middle ground,中间状态,Adj.,old middle-aged young,open ajar,半掩,close,rich well-to-do,小康,poor,hot warm cool cold,beautiful good-looking plain,平常,ugly,Verb,Love hate,attachment liking indifference antipathy,依恋 喜欢 漠不关心 反感,12,3.Middle ground中间状态Adj. Verb,Converse,是什么？,13,Converse是什么？13,匡威？鞋子？,14,匡威？鞋子？14,Converse,不仅仅是匡威更是,逆反反义词,15,Converse不仅仅是匡威更是逆反反义词15,III. Converses,逆反反义词,Two kinds,（,1,）,R,elational opposites,关系反义词,（,2,）,Reverse terms,逆反词,16,III. Converses 逆反反义词16,1.Relational opposites,关系反义词,The pairs of words indicate such a,reciprocal,social relationship,社会关系,that one of them cannot be used without suggesting the other.,相互依存,e.g.,parentchild,husbandwife,predecessor,前任,successor,继任,employeremployee,guesthost,17,1.Relational opposites关系反义词The,2. Reverse terms,逆反词,This type also includes, which comprise,adj.,and,adv.,signifying a quality or verbs and nouns signifying,an act or state,that reverse the quality, action or state of the other,.,e.g.,sellbuy,A,sells,sth. to B = B,buys,it from A,B,buys,sth. from A = A,sells,it to B,givereceive,A,gives,a gift to B = B,receives,it from A,B,receives,a gift from A= A,gives,it to B,Two words of each pair are,interdependent,相互依存,and,presupposing the other,互为前提,18,2. Reverse terms逆反词 This type,Distinguish:,Converses,逆反,&,Complementaries,互补,Converses,relational,相互关系,e.g.,X is husband,X is wife,Complementaries,the assertion of one is the denial of the other,非此即彼,e.g.,X is a man.= X is not a woman.,19,Distinguish: Converses逆反 &,Thank you,！,亲，现在你们了解,antonymy,了吗,？,20,Thank you！20,
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