2015绍兴“语法填空”课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,语法填空,Grammar Filling,2015,命题方向,“,语法填空,”,题作为新,的,考试题型，重点考查单词拼写，语言基础知识，语篇理解能力和语言表达能力。在考查词汇的同时也考查学生读与写的能力，考生必须在理解短文内容的基础上把握短文的主旨大意，运用所学语言知识填空，使短文语篇完整。考查,以实词为主,，兼顾其他词性，,词性变化包括动词的数、时态、语态、非谓语形式等的变化,，,名词的单复数变化及代词、形容词、副词等词性正确形式的判断,。,考查形式主要有两类：,(1),自由填空类,考查的语言项目主要有行文逻辑，连词，介词，关系代词等。,(2),提示性填空类,考查的语言项目主要有动词的时态和语态，非谓语动词，形容词，副词，名词，情态动词等。,据此，我们知道，语法填空的考点或考查内容是：,(1),纯空格题：,通常考,_,等四类词。一个空格只能填,个单词,(2),用括号中所给词填空：,通常考,_,、,_,、,_,等。一个空格可以填,个单词,冠词、介词、代词和连词,一,动词,形容词和副词的比较等级,词类转换,一到多,解题方向,从语法角度去考虑，包括,功能词,（代词、数词、冠词、助动词和情态动词等）,和,词形变换,两个方面。 不限定一个词。,解题步骤,(1),浏览全文，把握语篇大意。,(2),边读边填，采用,先易后难,原则，注意,词形的变化,。,(3),验证复查，清除疑点，根据上下文及逻辑关系，检查行文是否通顺，语法是否正确。,具体而言，在做题的过程中要时时联系上下文，从语篇中去判断填哪个单词或单词的准确形式。,(1),如果空格处后是名词,(,尤其是单数可数名词,),，就考虑空格处是否需要填冠词，物主代词，指示代词，不定代词，名词所有格或形容词等进行修饰。反之，则应考虑填名词。,(2),如果空格中缺少谓语，则考虑动词，但一定要注意动词的数、时态和语态。,(3),考查非谓语动词，包括,v.,ing,形式，,v.,ed,形式和动词不定式。,如果与中心词是主动关系，一般用,v.,ing,形式；如果与中心词是被动关系，一般用,v.,ed,形式；动词不定式,to do,表示将来。,(4),空格处还有可能是系表结构，一般填写形容词形式，形容词要根据上下文意思来确定，进而确定用哪个词；有时也可以根据前后介词的搭配来确定。,注意：考查实词时，有时括号里会给出这个单词的其他形式，让填写出其,适当形式,。,(5),缺少介词。,介词可位于名词前,(,如,at night, on Sunday,等,),，形容词后,(,如,be interested in, be good at,等,),，还可位于不及物动词后,(,如,listen to, arrive at,等,),(6),从句子结构考虑，如果空格前后都有句子，则要根据上下文的逻辑关系，选择适当的副词或连词。如,because, for, since(,表示原因,); so (,表示结果,); and(,表示并列,); or; but, however, while, although, though(,表示转折,); when, if, whether, why,等。,例题解析,Henry works in a factory. He comes from a poor family and was in school,1._,only four years. He has to do the hard work, but he was paid less. He likes to watch football matches very much and spends much time 2._them.,One day there was a big football match on the playground. He 3._(borrow) some money from his friend and hurried there. There were a lot of,4._ there. And all the tickets were sold out. He was sorry for it. He saw a pole(,杆子,) outside the playground and,5._,it quickly. While he 6._(watch) the match, a policeman came and said,“,It is dangerous 7._ (stay) on it! Come down,！,”,“,Wait a minute, please,！,”,Henry said and just at that moment the policeman heard cheers on the playground and asked in a hurry,“,Which team has,kicked a goal(,进球,),？,”,“,Ours,！,”,“,Wonderful! I believe our team will kick 8._ goal soon. You can stay there, 9._ take care,！,”,The police said happily and left. When the match would be soon over, he came back again and asked,“,Who has won,？,”,“,Theirs, 3,2.,”,“,Come down,，,”,the policeman said angrily.,“,Such a match is not worth watching,！,”,Henry had to come down. But soon he heard cheers again. The policeman said in a hurry,“,Climb up quickly and see 10._ has kicked a goal.,”,【主旨大意】 这是一篇记叙文，文中讲述了一个家境贫穷的男子,亨利，为了看一场重要球赛而爬到场外的一根杆子上。而在看球过程中一位同为球迷的警察碰巧路过，两人之间发生了一段有趣的故事。,1,for,本题考查,介词,。根据上下文语境可知，亨利,家庭贫穷，在校只读了,4,年。,2,on,本题考查固定搭配。,spend some time on,sth,.,意为,“,在某事上花费多长时间,”,。,3,borrowed,本题考查动词的时态。由并列动词,hurried,可知此处讲述过去发生的事情，因此用一般过去时，答案填,borrowed,。,4,people,根据下文描述,“,所有的门票都卖光了,”,可知有很多人，因此要填,people,。,5,climbed,本题考查,上下文连贯和,动词的时态。 句意：,他看见操场外面有根杆子，就快速地爬了上去。,6,was watching,本题考查动词的时态。此处是由,while,引导的时间状语从句，需要用过去进行时。,7,to stay,本题考查固定句型。,“,It,be,adj.,to do,sth,.,”,表示,“,做某事,”,，其中,it,作形式主语，而后面的动词不定式是真正的主语。,8,another,本题考查上下文连贯。上文中提及进了一个球。,句意：我相信我们的球队很快就会再进一个球。,9,but,本题考查语境理解。前后是转折关系，故用,but,。,10,who,本题考查宾语从句连接词。由于句子缺少主语，且指代人，故用,who,。,总结提升,一,根据句子结构，确定,词性,动词,名词,形容词,副词,冠词,介词,连词,代词,词性,一般有,提,示,词,无,提,示,词,总结提升,二根据上下文意义及语法，确定,词形,冠词,定冠词,不定冠词,并列句及复合句,非谓语,非谓语动词,to do, doing, done,及变形,谓语动词的时态及语态,及主谓一致,连词,介词,介词的常用用法及词组搭配,词性变化,词汇,构词法,谓语动词,代词,人称代词，物主代词，不定代词，指示代词，反身代词,根据语义,确定词,形,分析句子,确定词,性,解题四步走,提示：四步走归根到底其实就是,寻找依据,每一个语法填空的空格里所需的单词或短语其实都可以在,所在的句子中或者上下文中,找到它的依据,通读全文,理解大意,总结提升,检查搭配,前后连贯,Homework,Review(,复习,) what we have learned today.,Make up,（自编）,a,Grammar Filling,passage in groups of four and hand it in tomorrow.,Thank you for attention!,Bye bye!,