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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,The Green Banana,Donald Batchelder,Book 1,Lesson 10,This PPT is for self-study,Part One:Warm-up,Part Two:,Background Information,Part Three:,Text Appreciation,Part Four:,Language Study,Part Five:,Extension,Book 1,Lesson 10,Contents,B,T,L,E,W,Lesson 10 The Green Banana,Part Two,Background Information,ENTER,Lesson 10 The Green Banana,Author and the Text,Ethnocentrism and Other,Related Terms,III.,Inter-cultural Understanding,Culture Shock,Tower of Babel,Background Information,Contents,The text is taken from,Beyond Experience: An Experiential Approach to Cross-cultural Education,edited by,Donald Batchelder,and Elizabeth G. Warner in 1974. When the second edition of the book was published in 1993, Batchelder explained his view on cross-cultural education:,Lesson 10 The Green Banana,Author and the Text,To be continued on the next page.,“If some of the goals of education in modern times are to open up possibilities for discovery and expand learning and the chance for mutual acceptance and recognition in a wider world, it may be important to offer students a perspective on their own immediate center of the world by enabling them to participate sensitively as cross-cultural sojourners to the center of someone elses world.,Lesson 10 The Green Banana,Author and the Text,The end of Author and the Text.,Ethnocentrism Cultural Chauvinism Relativism Racism,Lesson 10 The Green Banana,II. Ethnocentrism and other related terms,To be continued on the next page.,Ethnic, refers to cultural heritage, and ,centrism, refers to the central starting point or the tendency of people to put their own group at the center. Thus, ,ethnocentrism, basically refers to judging other groups from ones own cultural point of view, or misinterpreting other cultures because one uses the concepts of his own culture.,Lesson 10 The Green Banana,To be continued on the next page.,Ethnocentrism,(,种族优越论,),II. Ethnocentrism and other related terms,Ethnocentrism,can lead to making false assumptions about others ways based on ones own limited experience. The key word is assumptions, because we are not even aware that we are being ethnocentric. That is people dont understand that they dont understand. For example, American people often talk about British drivers driving on the wrong side of the road. They dont just say, opposite side or even left hand side. Everybody can be ethnocentric, as all of us around the world assume things about other peoples ways.,Lesson 10 The Green Banana,To be continued on the next page.,Ethnocentrism,(,种族优越论,),II. Ethnocentrism and other related terms,Ethnocentrism may manifest itself in attitudes of superiority or sometimes hostility. Violence, discrimination, proselytizing, and verbal aggressiveness are other means whereby ethnocentrism may be expressed.,Why are people ethnocentric?,It is normal to assume things on the basis of ones own experience, although it is sometimes wrong. Peoples perceptions of colors, time frames, values on industriousness, social roles, and beliefs about Life and the Universe provide important meanings in daily life. Therefore, peoples limited experiences they have already had are the basis for interpreting new experiences, and in the case of others behaviors.,Lesson 10 The Green Banana,To be continued on the next page.,Ethnocentrism,(,种族优越论,),II. Ethnocentrism and other related terms,What is the problem with ethnocentrism?,Ethnocentrism leads people to make false assumptions about other peoples. People are ethnocentric when they use their cultural norms as a universal yardstick to make generalizations about other peoples cultures and customs. People of one culture may falsely distort what is meaningful and functional to other peoples through his own tinted glasses. At the best, people simply continue in his unawareness. You may be well meaning in interethnic relations, but can unintentionally offend others, generate ill feelings, and even set up situations that harm others. Ethnocentrism is evident in international relations, creating conflicts and inhibiting resolution of conflicts.,There are extreme forms of ethnocentrism that pose serious social problems, such as racism, chauvinism, and ethnic cleansing. These views are generally condemned by the world community, but regular cases can be seen in the news.,Lesson 10 The Green Banana,To be continued on the next page.,Ethnocentrism,(,种族优越论,),II. Ethnocentrism and other related terms,What can we do about ethnocentrism?,Addressing ethnocentrism is not a matter of just trying not to be ethnocentric. Since people will never experience every life situation of everyone around the world, assumptions about life are based on existing limited experience. A more effective way is to catch yourself when you are being ethnocentric and seek to develop better understandings. Once we realize that we are not understanding, we are now in a better position to seek more valid and balanced understandings.,Lesson 10 The Green Banana,To be continued on the next page.,Ethnocentrism,(,种族优越论,),II. Ethnocentrism and other related terms,Chauvinism is a word derived from the name of Nicolas Chauvin, a soldier of the First French Empire. Used first for a passionate admiration of Napoleon, it now expresses exaggerated and aggressive nationalism. As a social phenomenon, chauvinism is essentially modern, becoming marked in the era of acute national rivalries and imperialism beginning in the 19th century. Chauvinism exalts consciousness of nationality, spreads hatred of minorities and other nations, and is associated with militarism, imperialism, and racism. In the 1960s, the term “male chauvinist appeared in the womens liberation movement; it is applied to males who refuse to regard females as equals.,Lesson 10 The Green Banana,To be continued on the next page.,Chauvinism,(,沙文主义,),II. Ethnocentrism and other related terms,Racism,is the belief that race accounts for differences in human character or ability and that a particular race is superior to others. Sometimes, this term is also used to refer to discrimination or prejudice based on race.,Lesson 10 The Green Banana,To be continued on the next page.,Racism,(,种族主义,),II. Ethnocentrism and other related terms,Ethnocentrism is often linked to a sociological theory called ,cultural relativism,. Cultural relativists assert that concepts are socially constructed and vary cross-culturally. These concepts may include such fundamental notions as what is considered true, morally correct, and what constitutes knowledge or even reality itself.,Lesson 10 The Green Banana,To be continued on the next page.,Cultural Relativism,(,文化相对主义,),II. Ethnocentrism and other related terms,Cultural Relativism,is an attempt to understand the cultural development of societies and social groups on their own terms, that is, without trying to impose absolute ideas of moral value or trying to measure different cultural variations in terms of some form of absolute cultural standard. This may be a positive value in terms of interethnic relations. By cultural relativism, all cultures are equally worthy of respect and in studying another culture people need to suspend judgment, empathize and try and understand the way that particular culture sees the world.,Lesson 10 The Green Banana,To be continued on the next page.,Cultural Relativism,II. Ethnocentrism and other related terms,(文化相对主义),In this sense, under specific circumstances, any form of human behavior can appear to be good or bad. People should suspend judgment, investigate, and try to be culturally relative in order to reach a thoughtful personal judgment.,Cultural Relativism is a good approach to dismantle ethnocentrism, chauvinism and racism.,Lesson 10 The Green Banana,The end of Ethnocentrism.,Cultural Relativism,II. Ethnocentrism and other related terms,(文化相对主义),Lesson 10 The Green Banana,Inter-cultural Understanding,The world of today is drastically different from that of twenty, or even five years ago. The influence of economic globalization, the technological development and the cultural exchanges sets the scene. This development demands a completely new approach to any type of international relations.,No matter who you are or where you live, no matter what nation or culture you come from, you will need to recognize one very important truth when you communicate with people in other countries. Other people may dress like you, speak the same language, but are not just like you.,To be continued on the next page.,You may communicate with people that have very different histories, languages, and ways of doing and thinking. They may have a different sense of time, and a different sense of humor. They may have different ways of expressing feelings, and different perceptions of many things in the world. In a word, they have different cultures.,Lesson 10 The Green Banana,Inter-cultural Understanding,Please think about your own relevant experience.,To be continued on the next page.,Social issues form the backbone of any culture. People in different countries conduct their lives in different ways. It is far better to know the rules than to risk offending anyone. For example, people should know something about the country they are visitingits history, its people, its heritage. The preparation helps people make conversation and learn more from the experience. In addition, it is a sign of respect for those you are meeting.,Inter-cultural understanding does not come overnight. It will only come with preparation, effort, and an open mind.,Lesson 10 The Green Banana,Inter-cultural Understanding,To be continued on the next page.,Please think about your own relevant experience.,Lesson 10 The Green Banana,Picture tour of World,China,To be continued on the next page.,Inter-cultural Understanding,Lesson 10 The Green Banana,Picture tour of World,To be continued on the next page.,Inter-cultural Understanding,Britain,Lesson 10 The Green Banana,Picture tour of World,To be continued on the next page.,Inter-cultural Understanding,Egypt,Lesson 10 The Green Banana,Picture tour of World,To be continued on the next page.,Inter-cultural Understanding,Greece,Lesson 10 The Green Banana,Picture tour of World,To be continued on the next page.,Inter-cultural Understanding,Italy,Lesson 10 The Green Banana,Picture tour of World,To be continued on the next page.,Inter-cultural Understanding,Morocco,Lesson 10 The Green Banana,Picture tour of World,To be continued on the next page.,Inter-cultural Understanding,Nigeria,Lesson 10 The Green Banana,Picture tour of World,To be continued on the next page.,Inter-cultural Understanding,B,T,L,E,W,Paris,Lesson 10 The Green Banana,Picture tour of World,To be continued on the next page.,Inter-cultural Understanding,Russia,Lesson 10 The Green Banana,Picture tour of World,To be continued on the next page.,Inter-cultural Understanding,South Africa,Lesson 10 The Green Banana,Picture tour of World,To be continued on the next page.,Inter-cultural Understanding,Switzerland,Lesson 10 The Green Banana,Picture tour of World,To be continued on the next page.,Inter-cultural Understanding,Australia,Lesson 10 The Green Banana,Picture tour of World,The end of Inter-cultural Understanding.,Inter-cultural Understanding,Greenland,Lesson 10 The Green Banana,Culture Shock,Click the picture for more information.,Lesson 10 The Green Banana,Culture Shock,_,To be continued on the next page.,The term,culture shock, was introduced for the first time in 1958 to describe the anxiety produced when a person moves to a completely new environment. This term expresses the lack of direction, the feeling of not knowing what to do or how to do things in a new environment, and not knowing what is appropriate or inappropriate. The feeling of culture shock generally sets in after the first few weeks of coming to a new place.,Lesson 10 The Green Banana,Culture Shock,_,_,To be continued on the next page.,We can describe culture shock as the physical and emotional discomfort one suffers when coming to live in another country or a place different from the place of origin. Often, the way that we lived before is not accepted as or considered as normal in the new place. Everything is different, for example, not speaking the language, not knowing how to use banking machines, not knowing how to use the telephone and so forth.,Lesson 10 The Green Banana,Culture Shock,_,_,The end of Culture Shock.,The symptoms of cultural shock can appear at different times. Although one can experience real pain from culture shock, it is also an opportunity for redefining ones life objectives. It is a great opportunity for learning and acquiring new perspectives. Culture shock can make one develop a better understanding of oneself and stimulate personal creativity.,Lesson 10 The Green Banana,V. Tower of Babel,Click the picture for more information.,To be continued on the next page.,Lesson 10 The Green Banana,V. Tower of Babel,_,_,To be continued on the next page.,This allusion is from Old TestamentGenesis 11, indicating a sheer illusion.,The whole world had one language and a common speech at the beginning. When people moved eastward, they found a plain in Shinar and settled there.,Lesson 10 The Green Banana,V. Tower of Babel,_,To be continued on the next page.,They said to each other: “Come, lets make bricks and bake them thoroughly, and build a city with a tower that reaches the heavens, so that we can make a name for ourselves and not be scattered over the face of the whole earth. They used bricks instead of stone, tar for mortar to build the city.,Lesson 10 The Green Banana,V. Tower of Babel,_,_,To be continued on the next page.,The Lord came down to see the city and the tower that people were building. The Lord said: “If people speak the same language as they have begun to do this, then nothing they plan to do will be impossible. I have to go down and confuse their language so that they cannot understand each other.,Lesson 10 The Green Banana,V. Tower of Babel,_,The end of Tower of Babel.,So the Lord scattered them from there over the whole world, and they stopped building the city. The tower intended to reach heaven was left unfinished and is hence called Tower of Babel.,Thus, people should “understand each other, as it was the case long before.,Lesson 10 The Green Banana,Part Two,Background Information,This is the end of Part Two. Please click,HOME,to visit other parts.,Lesson 10 The Green Banana,Part Three,Text Appreciation,ENTER,B,T,L,E,W,Text Appreciation,Lesson 10 The Green Banana,Text analysis,1.,General analysis,2.,Theme,3.,Structure,4.,Further discussion,II.,Sentence paraphrase,Contents,Lesson 10 The Green Banana,Plot,of the story,Setting,of the story,Protagonists,of the story,Theme,of the story,Text Analysis,Have you got the key elements in the story?,To be continued on the next page.,Lesson 10 The Green Banana,Plot: my experience in a small,Brazilian village and what “I concluded,Setting: a small village in the central,area of Brazil,Protagonists: an American traveler,(“I), several Brazilian people,Theme of the story: go to the next page,Text Analysis,For reference.,The end of General Analysis.,Lesson 10 The Green Banana,Text Analysis,We should respect all civilizations in the world. Wisdoms are to be discovered with an open mind to other cultures.,Theme of the story,The end of Theme.,Part 1 (,paras. 1 ),about:,Part 2 (,paras. ),about:,Lesson 10 The Green Banana,Text Analysis,Structure of the text,4,The story of the “green bananas.,What the author learned: We should respect all civilizations in the world.,The end of Structure.,5,8,Lesson 10 The Green Banana,What is “learning moments? Have you ever experienced “learning moments? Have you ever heard of or encountered the experience of cultural differences? List the examples.,The occasion called for some show of recognition on my part. (para. 3) What does this sentence mean?, trying to show interest if not complete acceptance. (para. 3) Does the author agree with the villagers?,Text Analysis,Further discussion about the story,To be continued on the next page.,W,Lesson 10 The Green Banana, its time had come to meet my need. It was my own time that had come, all in relation to it. (para. 5) “It was my own time to do what? Why is it, in the authors opinion, that many useful things remain unknown to us? Who is to blame?,But once a conscious breakthrough to a second center is made, a lifelong perspective and collection can begin. (para. 7) What does he mean by the “second center? Which is the first center? How can we make a conscious breakthrough to a second center? What does he mean by “perspective and “collection?,Text Analysis,Further discussion about the story,To be continued on the next page.,Lesson 10 The Green Banana,Whats the use of “green bananas in the text?,Text Analysis,Further discussion about the story,To be continued on the next page.,Green bananas are first used as something to stop the leak of the jeep temporarily and then as a symbol of the unknown treasures of each civilization.,W,For Reference,Lesson 10 The Green Banana,When the author says we should,leave our own centers of the world,does he mean we should travel to other,countries more often?,Text Analysis,Further discussion about the story,To be continued on the next page.,The author believes that every nation has good things to offer to the rest of the world. It is therefore wrong to regard any nation as inferior. We should reject ethnocentrism and adopt cultural relativism.,For Reference,in the central area of Brazil, steep mountain road,jeep stopped,stopped for help,went on,reached destination,special potential of green bananas,importance of the rock,Cultural,relativism,Text Analysis,To be continued on the next page.,Lesson 10 The Green Banana,Beginning,Ending,Climax,Development,learning,experience,(paras.5-8),Telling the first part of the Story:,Story (Narration),The end of Text Analysis.,Text Analysis,Lesson 10 The Green Banana,Lesson 10 The Green Banana,II. Sentence Paraphrase 1,My ancient jeep was straining up through beautiful countryside when the radiator began to leak. (para. 1),When the radiator started to drip, my old jeep was trying hard to climb up the mountain in the picturesque rural area.,the infinitive,as object,go to 2,to strain:,to try very hard,radiator:,the part of a car which prevents the engine from getting too hot (,散热器,),Lesson 10 The Green Banana,II. Sentence Paraphrase 2,The over-heated engine forced me to stop at the next village, which consisted of a small store and a few houses that were scattered here and there. (para. 1),Due to the high temperature of the engine, I had to stop at the next village, which contained a small shop and several houses that were loosely distributed.,infinitive,as object complement,go to 3,over-heated:,too hot,consist of:,contain; be made of,Lesson 10 The Green Banana,II. Sentence Paraphrase 3,He patted me on the shoulder, assuring me that everything would work out. (para. 1),He patted my shoulder, confirming that all the things would be resolved.,telling me that something is sure to happen or is definitely true,go to 4,=patted my shoulder,More Examples,To be continued on the next page.,Lesson 10 The Green Banana,II. Sentence Paraphrase,Similarly:,1.,to wound sb. in the leg,= to wound ones leg,2. to hit sb. at the back,= to hit ones back,back to 3,Lesson 10 The Green Banana,II. Sentence Paraphrase 4,I did not ask them, though, as that would show my ignorance. (para. 2),
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