句子成分复习概要课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Basic Grammar,Basic Grammar,1,请观察下面的句子有什么共同点,I am a student.,I am sixteen.,I love English.,主语一样,请同学们回忆一下英语中还有哪些句子成分。,请观察下面的句子有什么共同点I am a student.主,2,句子成分(sentence constituent),组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。英语句子成分有主语，谓语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语，定语，状语等。,顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。,主语+谓语+宾语+宾补 +,句子成分(sentence constituent)组成句子,3,1、主语(subject),主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般由名词，代词，数词，不定式等充当。,例： He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。,主语：he,1、主语(subject) 主语表示句子主要说明的人或,4,2、谓语(verb),谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。,例： 1) We study for the people. 我们为人民学习。,谓语：study,2) I can speak a little English. 我可以说一点英语。,谓语：can speak,2、谓语(verb) 谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。,5,3、表语(predicative),表语是谓语的一部分，它位于系动词和be动词之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。一般由名词，代词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词短语等充当。,例： My sister is a nurse. 我姐姐是护士。,表语：a nurse,3、表语(predicative)表语是谓语的一部分，它位于,6,4、宾语(object),宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，能作宾语的有名词，代词，数词，动词不定式等。,例： We like English. 我们喜欢英语。,宾语：English,4、宾语(object)宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词,7,有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。,例： He gave me some ink. 他给了我一点墨水。,间接宾语：me,直接宾语：some ink,有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫,8,有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如：,We make him our monitor. 我们选他当班长。,宾语：him,宾语补足语：our monitor,有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和,9,5、定语(attribute),在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。,用作定语的主要是形容词，代词，数词，名词，副词，动词不定式，介词短语等。形容词，代词，数词，名词等作定语时，通常放在被修饰的词前面。,例： He is a new student. 他是个新生。,定语：new,5、定语(attribute),10,但副词，动词不定式，介词短语等作定语时，则放在被修饰的词之后。,例： The bike in the room is mine 房间里的自行车是我的。,定语：in the room,但副词，动词不定式，介词短语等作定语时，则放在被修饰的词之后,11,6、状语(adverbial),修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分，叫做状语。,用作状语的通常是副词，介词短语，不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。,例： He lives in London. 他住在伦敦。,状语：in London,6、状语(adverbial) 修饰动词，形容词，副词以,12,7.宾语补足语(object complement),用来说明宾语所处的状态或正在进行的动作。,因为英语中有些动词加宾语后意思仍然不完整，如make(使.),ask(请)等等。如果我们说：我们使我们的祖国。这不是一句完整的话。应该说：我们使我们的祖国更美丽。这是的“美丽的（beautiful)”为形容词做补语，说明祖国的状态。,例：We will make our country more beautiful.,宾补：more beautiful,作补语的词或词组为：形容词，副词，名词，不定式，V-ing形式，数词等。,7.宾语补足语(object complement)用来说明,13,练习： 分析下列句子的句子成分。,1. Do you want a friend?,2. I want this diary to be my friend.,3. I set down a series of facts in my diary.,4. You will go without your friend.,5. Sadly, I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows.,练习： 分析下列句子的句子成分。1. Do you wa,14,英语基本句型（五种）,基本句型一：SV（主谓）,基本句型二：SVP（主谓表）,基本句型三：SVO（主谓宾）,基本句型四：SVoO（主谓间宾直宾）,基本句型五：SVOC（主谓宾宾补）,英语基本句型（五种）,15,一、主谓 （S+V）,1. The sun is shining.,2. The moon rose.,3. We all breathe, eat, and drink.,4. Who cares?,5. I get up at 6:00 everyday.,此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。,这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。,一、主谓 （S+V）1. The sun is shini,16,二、主谓表 (s+v+p),1. This is a dictionary.,2. The dinner smells good.,3. Everything looks different.,4. He is growing tall and strong.,5. His face turned red.,此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。,二、主谓表 (s+v+p)1. This is a d,17,三、主谓宾 （S+V+O ）,1. Who knows the answer?,2. He enjoys reading.,3. I didnt have meals this morning.,4. They ate what was left over.,5. He admits that he was mistaken.,此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作， 但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。,三、主谓宾 （S+V+O ）1. Who knows,18,四、主谓间宾直宾 (S+V+o+O),1. She ordered herself a new dress.,2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal.,3. He brought you a dictionary.,4. He gave a book to me.,此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。,四、主谓间宾直宾 (S+V+o+O) 1. She o,19,五、主谓宾宾补 （S+V+O+C）,1. They appointed him manager.,2. They painted the door green.,3. They found the house deserted.,4. We saw him out.,5. He asked me to come back soon.,此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还 不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。,五、主谓宾宾补 （S+V+O+C） 1. They a,20,注意：,常用的英语句子并不都像基本句型这样简短，这些句子除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语（modifier）而加以扩大。,例：,We found the hall full.,我们发现礼堂坐满了。,We found the great hall full of students and teachers.,我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。,We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report.,我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个重要报告。,We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from the Peoples Daily on current affairs in East Europe.,我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听人民日报的一位同志作有关,东欧局势的重要报告。,注意：常用的英语句子并不都像基本句型这样简短，这些句子除了基,21,判断下列句子属于哪种基本类型,1. You are taking your end-of-term exam.,主语,谓语,宾语,2. The sun set.,主语,谓语,3. He looks very happy.,主语,谓语,表语,4. I,saw them,getting on the bus .,主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,5. I will take a pear to you.,主语,谓语,直接宾语,间接宾语,判断下列句子属于哪种基本类型1. You are takin,22,句型转换,句型转换,23,例3,We can fly to the Mars one day.,_ _ fly to the Mars one day?,(1),肯定句变为一般疑问句及否定句,a.,变为一般疑问句时，,情态动词、be、或助动词置于主语之前。,例1,He was so clever.,_ _ so clever?,例2,John felt happy at that time.,_ John _ happy at that time?,Was,he,Did,feel,Can,you,(1) 肯定句变为一般疑问句及否定句a.变为一,24,例3,The doctor could help that people.,The doctor _ _ that people.,b.,变为否定句时，情态动词、be、或助动词后加not。,例1,The twins were happy to see their uncle.,The twins _ _ to see their uncle.,例2,Mr. Smith works hard every day.,Mr. Smith _ _ hard every day.,werent,happy,doesnt,work,couldnt,help,b. 变为否定句时，情态动词、be、或助动词后加,25,例2,I could dance and sing when I was five years old.,I _ dance _ sing when I was five years old.,如果肯定句中含有some，and，a lot oflots of，already，tooalso, bothand, everythingeveryoneeverybody, always等词(组)，要变为any，or，muchmany，yet， either, neithernor, nothingnobody, never。,c.,注意,：,例1,They had lots of friends in China.,They _ have _ friends in China.,didnt,many,couldnt,or,如果肯定句中含有some，and，a lot of,26,例,H,e can make a model plane, I think.,(,否定句),I _ think he _ make a model plane.,例1,Mother told me to go to bed early last night.,Mother told me _ _ go to bed early last night.,d. 否定前移,e.,一些特殊结构，变否定句时，在动词（词组）后直接加,not。,dont,can,not,to,例1Mother told me to go to b,27,另外，还有,ask sb (not) to do sth,，,Will you please (not) do sth,，,had better (not) do sth,，,try (not) to do sth, decide (not) to do sth,等。,例2,Lets play basketball on the playground this afternoon.,Lets _ _ basketball on the playground.,not,play,另外，还有ask sb (not) to do st,28,例2,The man,in the car,is my fathers friend.,_ _ is _ fathers friend?,(2),对划线部分提问,对划线部分提问是根据划线的内容提出一个特殊疑问句。即特殊疑问词+一般疑问句构成。,a.,如划线部分是定语，它所修饰的词要跟随特殊疑问词移至句前。,例1,This is,Kates,hat.,_ _ is this?,Whose,hat,Which,man,your,(2) 对划线部分提问 对划线部分提问是,29,例2,Ann,flew to Beijing,last year.,What _ Ann _ last year?,b.,划线部分如是谓语动词，应该用do的形式来取代。,例1,They,are looking for the boy,in the city.,_ are they _ in the city?,What,doing,did,do,b.划线部分如是谓语动词，应该用do的形式来取代。例,30,c. 常见疑问词,(,组,),：,what,，,what+,名词,(,如,what colour,，,what grade,等,),，,when,，,why,，,where,，,who(whom),，,which,，,whose,，,how,，,how+,形容词,副词,(,如,how long,，,how far,，,how often,，,how soon,等,),。要注意以上各种疑问词,(,组,),的用法。,c. 常见疑问词(组)：what，what+名词(如wh,31,Thank you!,Thank you!,32,