怎样写好英文摘要——SCI高被引论文摘要案例

Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,怎样写好英文摘要SCI,高被引论文,摘要案例,分析,万跃华,目前由于电子期刊数据库只有,摘要是免费提供，有许多读者只能阅读摘要而不能阅读全文，或根据摘要来判断是否需要阅读全文，因此摘要的清楚表达十分重要。,摘要的类型与根本内容,根据内容的不同，摘要可分为以下三大类：报道性摘要、指示性摘要和报道指示性摘要,(1)报道性摘要(informative abstract)：也常称作信息性摘要或资料性摘要，其特点是全面、简要地概括论文的目的、方法、主要数据和结论。通常,这种摘要可以局部地取代阅读全文。,(2)指示性摘要(indicative abstract)：也常称为说明性摘要、描述性摘要(descriptive abstract)或论点摘要(topic abstract)，一般只用二三句话概括论文的主题，而不涉及论据和结论，多用于综述、会议报告等。该类摘要可用于帮助潜在的读者来决定是否需要阅读全文。,(3)报道-指示性摘要(informative- indicative abstract)：以报道性摘要的形式表述一次文献中的信息价值较高的局部，以指示性摘要的形式表述其余局部。,传统的摘要多为一段式，在内容上大致包括引言(Introduction)，材料与方法(Materials and Methods)，结果(Results)和讨论(Discussion)等主要方面，即IMRAD(Introduction，Methods，Results and Discussion)结构的写作模式。,20世纪80年代中期出现了另一种摘要文体，即“结构式摘要(structured,abstract),该摘要实质上是报道性摘要的结构化表达。,摘要,摘要主要讲述本论文的要点。,结论写完以后再写摘要,.,摘要给人第一口苹果的品尝效果,.,审稿人一般用,15,分钟看摘要和引言,.,如果第一印象不好,他,/,她会去寻找理由建议主编退稿,.,摘要的读者面比论文全文的读者面大得多。,不要用第一人称。,写摘要的顺序,第一句话：讲一下你这篇文章的研究意义但是有的杂志不需要这句话第二句话： 以 To eluicdatie the mechanism., To investigate. ,或者for the purpose of .开头来讲述你这样研究的目的。第三句话：. was carried out . with .treatment. 讲述你研究的内容，研究的方法，第四句话： The resulted showed that ., 讲述你这样研究得出的主要研究结果。第五句话： The result of the present work implied that. 讲述由你的研究结果得出的结论。另外，在摘要中不要用到参考文献，如果一定要用的话，那么一定要讲全部的细节写出来。要始终记住一点，Abstract 是一个独立的局部，换句话说，别人不看你的文章，只看你的Abstract 就能了解你的研究工作,SCI报道性摘要案例,p21Cdk作用蛋白(又称Cip1)是G1细胞周期依赖性蛋白激酶的强抑制剂,该摘要首先简要介绍相关研究背景第一句话，继而以不定式形式to identif提出研究目的，并引带出研究方法we have employed，第三句话指出本研究的主要发现，最后一句话给结论cotransfection experiments indicate that。全部摘要用词为113个Cell要求其摘要的用词不超过150个，简明、清楚地表述了论文的全部主要内容。,SCI指示性摘要案例,简评:这是一份专题评述(综述性论文)的摘要。第一句为相关背景知识的介绍,第二句是综述内容的说明In this revieware summarized，并指出所评述对象的潜在应用(possible therapeutic applications,SCI报道-指示性摘要案例,该摘要介绍了相关研究背景进展并提出了作者的设想Despite the remarkable，we believe that，摘要的第二句提出了支持作者设想的论证Arguments to support this view are，最后一句This functional performs评价并说明论文所提出模型的奉献functional相当于model。本摘要在方括号 中给出了前期相关工作的文献，注意该文献在文末参考文献中的列举是按其在正文中出现的顺序，与在摘要中是否出现无关。,SCI结构式摘要案例,目的、设计、单位、对象、处置、主要结果测定、结果、结论等8个方面,目的：研究的问题、目的或设想,设计：研究的根本设计、样本选择、分组、诊断标准和随访情况,单位：说明开展研究的单位研究机构、大学、医疗机构,对象：研究对象患者等的数目、选择过程和条件等,处置：处置方法的根本特征，使用何种方法以及持续的时间等,主要结果测定：主要结果是如何测定、完成的,结果：研究的主要发现应给出确切的置信度和统计学显著检验值,结论：主要结论及潜在的临床应用,SCI结构式摘要案例,Abstract:,Context,Patients experience the highest rate of death and recurrent ischemic events during the early period after an acute coronary syndrome, but it is not known whether early initiation of treatment with a statin can reduce the occurrence of these early events.,Objective,To determine whether treatment with atorvastatin, 80 mg/d, initiated 24 to 96 hours after an acute coronary syndrome, reduces death and nonfatal ischemic events.,Design and Setting,A randomized, double-blind trial conducted from May 1997 to September 1999, with follow-up through 16 weeks at 122 clinical centers in Europe, North America, South Africa, and Australasia.,Patients,A total of 3086 adults aged 18 years or older with unstable angina or non-Q-wave acute myocardial infarction.,Interventions,Patients were stratified by center and randomly assigned to receive treatment with atorvastatin (80 mg/d) or matching placebo between 24 and 96 hours after hospital admission.,Main Outcome,Measures,Primary end point event defined as death, nonfatal acute myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest with resuscitation, or recurrent symptomatic myocardial ischemia with objective evidence and requiring emergency rehospitalization.,Results,A primary end point event occurred in 228 patients (14.8%) in the atorvastatin group and 269 patients (17.4%) in the placebo group (relative risk RR, 0.84; 95% confidence interval CI, 0.70-1.00; P = .048). There were no significant differences in risk of death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or cardiac arrest between the atorvastatin group and the placebo group, although the atorvastatin group had a lower risk of symptomatic ischemia with objective evidence and requiring emergency rehospitalization (6.2% vs 8.4%; RR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.57-0.95; P = .02). Likewise, there were no significant differences between the atorvastatin group and the placebo group in the incidence of secondary outcomes of coronary revascularization procedures, worsening heart failure, or worsening angina, although there were fewer strokes in the atorvastatin group than in the placebo group (12 vs 24 events; P = .045). In the atorvastatin group, mean low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level declined from 124 mg/dL (3.2 mmol/L) to 72 mg/dL (1.9 mmol/L). Abnormal liver transaminases (3 times upper limit of normal) were more common in the atorvastatin group than in the placebo group (2.5% vs 0.6%; P .001).,Conclusion,For patients with acute coronary syndrome, lipid-lowering therapy with atorvastatin, 80 mg/d, reduces recurrent ischemic events in the first 16 weeks, mostly recurrent symptomatic ischemia requiring rehospitalization.,SCI摘要中常用的表达方法 案例,要写好摘要，需要建立一个适合自己需要的句型库选择的词汇来源于SCI高被引用论文,引言局部,1回忆研究背景，常用词汇有review, summarize, present, outline, describe等,2说明写作目的，常用词汇有purpose, attempt, aim,方法局部,1介绍研究或试验过程，常用词汇有test study, investigate, examine,experiment, discuss, consider, analyze, analysis等,2说明研究或试验方法，常用词汇有measure, estimate, calculate等,3介绍应用、用途，常用词汇有use, apply, application等,方法局部，介绍研究或试过程,引言局部，回忆研究背景,结果局部，展示研究结果,讨论局部，说明论证,SCI摘要中常用的表达方法 案例,结果局部,1展示研究结果，常用词汇有show, result, present等,2介绍结论，常用词汇有summary, introduce,conclude等,讨论局部,1陈述论文的论点和作者的观点，常用词汇有suggest, repot, present, expect, describe等,2说明论证，常用词汇有support, provide, indicate, identify, find, demonstrate, confirm, clarify等,3推荐和建议，常用词汇有suggest,suggestion, recommend, recommendation, propose,necessity,necessary,expect等。,SCI摘要中常用的表达方法引言局部案例,引言局部,1回忆研究背景，常用词汇有review, summarize, present, outline, describe等,2说明写作或研究目的，常用词汇有purpose, attempt, aim等，另外还可以以动词不定式充当目的状语来表达。,3介绍论文的重点内容或研究范围，常用词汇有study, present, include, focus, emphasize, emphasis, attention等,SCI摘要引言局部案例 review,引言局部 回忆研究背景,常用词汇review,SCI摘要引言局部案例 summarize,引言局部 回忆研究背景,常用词汇summarize,SCI摘要引言局部案例 present,引言局部 回忆研究背景，常用词汇present,SCI摘要引言局部案例 outline,引言局部 回忆研究背景，常用词汇outline,SCI摘要引言局部案例 describe,引言局部 回忆研究背景，常用词汇describe,SCI摘要引言局部案例purpose,说明写作或研究目的，常用词汇有,purpose,SCI摘要引言局部案例attempt,说明写作或研究目的，常用词汇有,attempt,SCI摘要引言局部案例aim,说明写作或研究目的，常用词汇有,aim,SCI摘要引言局部案例 study,介绍论文的重点内容或研究范围，常用词汇有,study,SCI摘要引言局部案例present,介绍论文的重点内容或研究范围，常用词汇有,present,SCI摘要引言局部案例 include,介绍论文的重点内容或研究范围，常用词汇有,include,SCI摘要引言局部案例 focus,介绍论文的重点内容或研究范围，常用词汇有,focus,SCI摘要引言局部案例 emphasize,介绍论文的重点内容或研究范围，常用词汇有,emphasize,SCI摘要引言局部案例 emphasis,介绍论文的重点内容或研究范围，常用词汇有,emphasis,SCI摘要引言局部案例 emphasis,介绍论文的重点内容或研究范围，常用词汇有,emphasis,SCI摘要引言局部案例 attention,介绍论文的重点内容或研究范围，常用词汇有,attention,SCI摘要方法局部案例,方法局部,1介绍研究或试验过程，常用词汇有test， study, investigate, examine,experiment, discuss, consider, analyze, analysis等,2说明研究或试验方法，常用词汇有measure, estimate, calculate等,3介绍应用、用途，常用词汇有use, apply, application等,SCI摘要方法局部案例 investigate,介绍研究或试验过程，常用词汇有,investigate,SCI摘要方法局部案例 examine,介绍研究或试验过程，常用词汇有,examine,SCI摘要方法局部案例consider,介绍研究或试验过程，常用词汇有,consider,SCI摘要方法局部案例measure,说明研究或试验方法，常用词汇有,measure,摘要案例：可以修改的摘要,Continuous,mesoporous silica thin films,with,3D,accessible pore structures (,Im3m,space groups,) have been prepared,by,a dip-coating technique,using F-127 surfactants as the structure-directing agents in nonaqueous media under acidic conditions,on,I,ndium-tin oxide glass (ITO).,The films can be calcined to remove the surfactant and produce a cubic mesoporous silicate material. XRD study and calculation show that the mesoporous silica film is,SBA-16,with Im3m space group symmetry, and SBA-16 powder with unit cell parameters (a) of 193 and 186 for calcined SBA-16 film.,The N2 adsportion-desorption experiment indicates that SBA -16 has BET surface areas of 534.45m2/g, a mean pore sizes of 160 and the total pore volume of 0.376cm3/g.,Fe nanowire,paralleling,in arrays have been prepared by direct current electrodeposition in highly ordered SBA-16 films.,Homogenerous filling,of all the pores of the SBA-16 films is achieved.,And,the,diameter of Fe nanowires can be varied between 100-300, which corresponds to the diameters of the pores of the template is adjustable by varying adding organic swelling agents 1, 3, 5-trimethylbenzene (TMB).,摘要案例：可以修改的摘要,首先在第一个句子中有一些语病：,mesoporous silica thin films- thin films of mesoporous silica,3D-three dimensional,Im3m space groups-space group Im3m.,by-by using.,Indium- indium.,using F-127 surfactants as the structure-directing agents in nonaqueous media under acidic conditions是合成这种介孔分子筛通用的方法，不是本文的奉献，所以可以除去。,第二句：The films can be calcined to remove the surfactant and produce a cubic mesoporous silicate material. 也是众所周知的，应该删除。,第三句：XRD study and calculation show that the mesoporous silica film is SBA-16 with Im3m space group symmetry, and SBA-16 powder with unit cell parameters (a) of 193 and 186 for calcined SBA-16 film. 中只有SBA-16是需要交待的。这种材料的Unit cell parameter也是行内的人都知道的。可以将SBA-16加到第一句，其它全部删除。,摘要案例：可以修改的摘要,摘要一般是不分段的。,第二段的一句也是描述SBA-16的根本性质，大家都知道。可以删去。,第三句是讲用这种多孔的材料做模板，制备多孔铁的薄膜。但是有的用词是不严谨的。比方，Homogenerous filling在论文中没有提供任何证据来说明到达均匀的填充。,最后一句给人的印象是作者通过加一种有机物来调节介孔分子筛的孔道大小，从而调控铁纳米线的粗细。事实上，作者并没有做这件事，而是凭想象写下这段文字的。实验结果说明，氧化铁的纳米线粗细和孔道大小没有直接的关系。,