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,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Guide in Writing,Guide in Writing,1,Teaching Objectives(,教学目标）,By the end of this lesson youll be able to,find out the mistakes of the compositions given.,find out what problems cause you not to get higher marks in your writing.,know some practical ways to improve a composition.,feel less scared in writing.,Teaching Objectives(教学目标）By th,2,The woman I admire most,Mother Teresa is my favorite women. She is of middle height and she is beautiful . She comes from Macedonia. She lived from 1910.8.26 to 1997.9.5. when she was young,she learned religion. Shes warm- hearted.,Once, she teached in India for many years . In 1950, she set up the Missionaries of charity to help the poor in Calcutta. She devoted to help the poor,、,the patiences,、,the homeless persons and the dead persons. Because of those, in 1979, she got the Nobel peace prize in 1997. she died in India.,I admired her. In the future I want become as her a person . From now, I intend to good good study and day day up.,The woman I admire most Mot,3,The woman I admire most,Mother Teresa is my favorite women. She is of middle height and she is beautiful . She comes from Macedonia. She lived from 1910.8.26 to 1997.9.5. she learned religion long before. Shes warm- hearted.,Once, she teached in India for many years . In 1950, she set up the Missionaries of charity to help the poor in Calcutta. She devoted to help the poor,、,the patiences,、,the homeless persons and the dead persons. Because of those, in 1979, she got the Nobel peace prize in 1997. she died in India.,I admired her. In the future I want become as her a person . From now, I intend to good good study and day day up.,The woman I admire most Mot,4,Main problems leading to low scores,Problem1:,Chaotic sentence structure,(,句型结构混乱）,Problem2:,Chinglish(,汉式英语）,Problem3:,Simple sentence,，,lack of advanced vocabularies(,句式单一，缺乏高级词汇,),Main problems leading to low s,5,英语句子结构,句子,的灵魂,简单句,I,并列句,II,复合句,III,英语句子结构 句子的灵魂简单句I并列句II复合句III,6,you will succeed,.,you will succeed.,you will succeed.,1,2,3,Ex,：,努力学习，你会成功。,Studying hard,If,you study hard,Study hard,and,连接词,连接词,7,只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）,简单句：,He often reads English in the morning.,Tom and Mike are American boys.,She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.,只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）简单句：,8,主语,及物,动词,系,动词,宾语,表语,不及物,动词,宾语,+,宾补,间宾,+,直宾,宾语,简单句的五种基本句型,主语及物系宾语表语不及物宾语+宾补间宾+直宾宾语 简单句的,9,第一种句型：,S+V,The sun rises.,He runs in the park.,第二种句型：,S+V+O,He plays the piano every morning.,I know him very well.,They want to go.,He stopped writing.,第三种句型：,S+V+IO+DO,My father bought me a car.,第一种句型：S+VThe sun rises. He run,10,第四种句型：,S+V+O+C(,补充说明宾语的状态）,I will make you happy.,We should keep the classroom clean.,She heard him singing.,I want her to come.,第五种句型：,S+V+P,She is a student.,He has become an engineer.,It tastes sweet.,His face goes red.,注意：,系动词除了,be,动词外，还包括,become, turn, look, seem, appear, sound, taste, smell, remain, prove, keep, fall.,第四种句型：S+V+O+C(补充说明宾语的状态）I will,11,并列句：,由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起的句子叫做并列句。,He helps me and I help him.,注意：,不同的并列连词表示并列分句之间的不同关系，根据并列分句之间的关系不同，并列分句可以分为四种。,He not only gave us a lot of advice , but also helped us to study English.,并列句：由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起的句子叫做,12,表示联合关系的并列句,常用的连词有,and(,同，和,), when(=and just at this time,就在这时，然后,), not onlybut (also)(,不仅,而且, ), neithernor,（既不,也不,）等。这类分句之间是顺承关系或并列关系。如：,We bought her a birthday present,and,she liked it very much.,Neither,did the naughty boy go home,nor,did his parents come to search for him.,I was just leaving,when,the telephone rang.,Not only,my father,but also,my grandpa got red roses.,表示联合关系的并列句 常用的连词有 and( 同，和,13,表示转折关系的并列句,这类并列句常用,but,（但是；可是），,yet,（可是；然而），,while,（而）等来连接，后面分句与前面分句之间有意义上的转折关系。,She said she would be late,yet,she arrived on time.,Certainly he apologized,however, I wont forgive him.,I like tea,while,she likes coffee.,表示转折关系的并列句 这类并列句常用but （但是,14,表示选择关系的并列句,Either,you are mad,or,I am.,You must go early,otherwise,you will miss the bus.,常用的连词有,or , either,or,.,，,otherwise, or else(,否则）,等连接,.,如：,Will he still be there,or,will he have gone away?,Take this bus,or else,you wont get there in time.,表示选择关系的并列句Either you are mad o,15,表示因果关系的并列句,这类并列句常用并列连词,so, for,等连接，后面分句与前面分句之间有因果关系。如：,Mother was ill,so,father cooked for us instead.,They had often heard of elephants,but,they had never seen one , for being blind, how could they?,He worked day and night,therefore, he was able to buy the sports car.,表示因果关系的并列句 这类并列句常用并列连词so, fo,16,复合句,状语从句,定语从句,名词性从句,“竹枝”,复合句状语从句定语从句 名词性从句“竹枝”,17,复合句：,复合句,(complex sentence),是由主句从句构成，它是英语中比较复杂的句子结构。一般来说，英语中一个句子只能有一个谓语，如果出现两个谓语动词，那么其中一个谓语动词只能以从句的形式或并列句或非谓语动词的形式出现。所谓从句是指从属于主句的句子，由从属连词连接。从句的种类有很多，但根据其性质和作用可以分为状语从句、定语从句、名词性从句。,After the students were all in the chemistry lab, the teacher brought out three bottles.,Corn is a very useful plant that can be prepared in many different ways.,复合句： 复合句(complex sentence),18,状语从句（,Adverbial cause):,从句用作状语,When you cross a main road, you must be careful.,Sit down wherever you like.,As I didnt know the way, I asked a policeman.,Youll be late, unless you hurry.,We intend to go US, even if air fares are expensive.,The news worried him so much that he didnt sleep at all for the whole night.,They wrote the notice in several languages so that foreigners could understand it.,状语从句（Adverbial cause):从句用作状语Wh,19,定语从句（,Attributive Clauses):,由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词或代词，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。,Is he the man who/that wants to see you?,Please pass me the book whose cover is green.,Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?,Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.,As everyone knows ,China is a beautiful country with a long history .,定语从句（Attributive Clauses):,20,在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句,(Noun Clauses,）。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组， 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。,名词性从句,That the driver could not control his war was obvious.,Who will win the match is still unknown.,It is known to us how he became a writer.,在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 (Noun Cla,21,He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.,I feel it a pity that I havent been to the get-together.,Raw material is what we are badly in need of.,It looks as if it is going to rain.,The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.,He has told me that he will go,22,classroom activity,Going Up,句子冲冲冲,动词,短语,简单句,扩展变换,classroom activity,23,中译英,1.,现代化的交通系统是否能解决问题还不得而知,.(remain),Whether a modern traffic system can solve the problem of transportation remains a question.,2.,无论面对何种挑战，他总是全力以赴，这使大家印象深,刻。,(impress),Whatever challenges he may face, he always tries his best,which deeply impresses everyone,.,3.,学习英语几年后,许多学生仍然觉得用英语和外国人交流有点困难,.(feel),Many students still feel they have some difficulty in communicating with foreigners in English after learning the language for years.,中译英1.现代化的交通系统是否能解决问题还不得而知.(rem,24,复合句、并列句、简单句之间的相互转化,1.Lucy cant sing the English song ” Yesterday Once More”. And Lily cant sing it, either.(,改为简单句）,2.I have to study harder, or I shall not catch up with my classmates.,（改为含状语从句的复合句）,3.We will organize all kinds of activities in our English club. We can not only practise but also learn more English in the activities.(,改为含定语从句的复合句）,4.,（,1)79.3% of the surveyed netizens say that their main motivation is to help their parents to live a better life.,(2)67.7% claim that they work harder in order to change their own fate.,复合句、并列句、简单句之间的相互转化1.Lucy cant,25,5.(1)There was once a famous detective.,(2) He was named Sherlock Holmes.,(3) He lived in London.,(4) The time was at the end of the nineteenth century.,6.(1)The other day we had an English speech contest.,(2) I won the first prize in the contest.,5.(1)There was once a famous d,26,复合句、并列句、简单句之间的相互转化,1.Lucy cant sing the English song ” Yesterday Once More”. And Lily cant sing it, either.,Neither Lucy nor Lily can sing the English song ” Yesterday Once More”.,2.I have to study harder, or I shall not catch up with my classmates.,I have to study harder in order that I can catch up with my classmates.,复合句、并列句、简单句之间的相互转化1.Lucy cant,27,3.We will organize all kinds of activities in our English club. We can not only practise but also learn more English in the activities.(,改为含定语从句的复合句）,We will organize all kinds of activities in our English club in which we can not only practise but also learn more English in the activities.,4.,（,1)79.3% of the surveyed netizens say that their main motivation is to help their parents to live a better life.,(2)67.7% claim that they work harder in order to change their own fate.,79.3% of the surveyed netizens say that their main motivation is to help their parents to live a better life while 67.7% claim that they work harder in order to change their own fate.,3.We will organize all kinds o,28,5.(1)There was once a famous detective.,(2) He was named Sherlock Holmes.,(3) He lived in London.,(4) The time was at the end of the nineteenth century.,There was once a famous detective named Sherlock who lived in London at the end of the nineteenth century.,6.(1)The other day we had an English speech contest.,(2) I won the first prize in the contest.,The other day we had an English speech contest in which I won the first prize in the contest.,5.(1)There was once a famous d,29,4.,这所学校规定,:,学生不许将手机带进校园,.(make),5.,清华大学的目标是培养既拥有专业知识又具备独立思考能力的学生。,(aim),6.,这家店与众不同之处在于他提供更多的服务。,(offer),4.这所学校规定:学生不许将手机带进校园.(make),30,4.,这所学校规定,:,学生不许将手机带进校园,.(make),The school makes it a rule that students are not allowed to take mobile phones/cell phones to the school/campus.,5.,清华大学的目标是培养既拥有专业知识又具备独立思考能力的学生。,(aim),The aim ofQinghuaUniversityis to equip students not only with professional knowledge but also the ability of independent thinking.,6.,这家店与众不同之处在于他提供更多的服务。,(offer),What makes the shop different is that it offers more service(s),4.这所学校规定:学生不许将手机带进校园.(make),31,句子的充实：,一篇好文章必然是内容充实，形式多样的。学生尽可能避免写出内容简单，形式单调的句子。我们可以朝以下几个方面努力,1.,加强细节描写的意识,Jacks present was refused.,-what made Jack sad was that his present bought for Andy was refused.,Mr. Li Ping gave us a lecture in the hall on Friday,.,-Mr. Li Ping gave us a lecture in the hall on Friday,in order to help students learn English better,句子的充实：1.加强细节描写的意识Jacks prese,32,2.,对所表达的句子加以补充说明,It is dangerous to walk home alone.,-It is dangerous to walk home alone,especially in the dark.,I prefer to go to Shanghai by plane than by train.,-I prefer to go to Shanghai by plane than by train,because it is much faster and more comfortable.,2.对所表达的句子加以补充说明It is dangerou,33,3.,对所表达的内容适当地加以评论，充实句子。,Mr. Li will give us a report.,-Mr. Li will give us a report,which will influence us a lot.,-Mr. Li will give us a report, which,will have an,influence on our study.,3.对所表达的内容适当地加以评论，充实句子。Mr. Li,34,其它,倒装句,变化,省略句,强调句,（强、倒、省）,其它倒装句变化省略句强调句 （强、倒、省）,35,3,2,1,要点扩展,（,09,全国卷单选改编）,Revision,The computer was used in teaching.,Teachers energy was saved.,Students became more interested in the lessons.,The computer was used in teaching.,As a result , not only was teachers energy saved, but students became more interested in the lessons.,As a result,not only,but,Ex. 1,3 2 1要点扩展（,36,大,“,展,”,身手,（,2012,四川书面表达）,Ex. 2,一句话表达：,The two main problems in my study are that I feel it difficult to learn words by heart, and that I often feel nervous when speaking English.,大“展” 身手（2012四川书面表达）Ex. 2一句话表达：,37,（,2012,湖南卷单选改编）,句式变换,1,、,I came here.,2,、,I realized this place was famous.,3,、,It was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.,1,、正常句子：,I did not realize this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather until I came here.,2,、倒装,Not until I came here did I realize this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.,3,、强调句,It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.,Ex. 3,further,（2012湖南卷单选改编）句式变换1、I came here,38,Ex. 4,一句话表达：,Lihua, our new English teacher, speaks a dialect which we find hard to understand.,Homework,Ex. 4一句话表达：Lihua, our new Engl,39,假设你班本学期英语强报的主题是“,The woman I admire most,”，请你根据表格信息，写一篇介绍特蕾莎修女（,Mother Teresa),的英语短文,假设你班本学期英语强报的主题是“The woman I ad,40,读写任务型写作模板,标题,第一段,:,第二段,:,第三段,:,概括所给短文内容要点,约,30,字,过渡词引出主题句,-,自己的观点,-,理由,约,90,字,总结句,约,30,字,读写任务型写作模板,41,第一段：概括所给短文内容要点（,记叙类,）,注意：利用原文中所给的语言材料，用自己的话来写；概括后的文章意思要通顺，行文要连贯。,写作具体方法和要求,:,第一段概括要做到,开门见山,:,例如,:,According to the passage,This article is mainly about,The writer states that,2.,第一段概括要,抓住要点,语言精练,列出原文作者观点或内容。,第一段：概括所给短文内容要点（记叙类）,42,In this passage, the writer mainly tells us his experience of,fishing and was taught an unforgettable lesson by an old man.,He knew the importance of patience and finally got some fish.(33 words,）,My version for the summary,In this passage, the writ,43,1. It occurs to me that a,similar,story of mine happened 3 years ago and taught me a lesson.,2. I had a,similar,experience at one time, too.,3. As far as I am concerned, I have a,similar,experience .,4. I have,such a similar,experience, too.,5. I have a similar experience,to,the writers.,6. I also have a,similar,experience.,We may write like these:,第二段：怎样写过渡句,1. It occurs to me that a simi,44,My version for the transitional sentence:,I also have an experience about being patient. I would like you, the reader, to share it with me.,My version for the transitiona,45,How to write an ending paragraph,All in all, patience is very important. Everyone should have patience to do everything.,(Point out the main idea),My version for the ending paragragh,第三段：怎样写结尾段,How to write an ending paragr,46,I have a similar experience.,Once I waited for the bus at the stop for 30 minutes, no bus came. I couldnt wait any longer and decided to walk to school. But no sooner had I left than the bus arrived. I thought if I had waited for one more minute, I would have caught it. If I wanted to take the next bus, I would have to wait for another 30 minutes. Only then did I realize the importance of patience. Being impatient will waste all the efforts that we have made. Patience also plays an important part in our study and work. With it we can achieve greater success. (110 words ),I have a similar experien,47,Now, whenever I am to lose my patience, Ill think of the experience of waiting for a bus.,(18 words),(161 words),Now, whenever I am to,48,第二段,:,过渡词引出主题句,-,自己的观点,-,理由,开头用语（,议论文,）,I,do agree,with the author,In some way, I agree with ,but,This opinion sounds right,but,is hardly practical.,It is,definitely not,like that. As a matter of fact, ,To a great extent, Im for the writer idea.,In my opinion,From my,personal point of view,As far as Im concerned,第二段:过渡词引出主题句-自己的观点-理由,49,第三段,最后一段,:,总结句开头用语：,In conclusion,In short,To make a long story short,In general,In a word,In brief,简单扼要地,On the whole,All in all,第三段最后一段 : 总结句开头用语：,50,模板,1,：观点对比,The topic about is becoming more and more popular in our school recently.There are two sides of opinion about it.,Some students prefer to consider doing sth. (Some students say is their favorite.) They think that (,理由一,).Whats more, (,理由二,).,Moreover, (,理由三,),However, others believe is a better choice for three reasons. (,然而，其余的人认为做某事是一种较好的选择，有三个方面的理由,) to begin with, (,理由一,). Next, . In addition, ,From my point of view, the former is surely a wise choice. The reason is that(,或者用：,As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that(,依我来看，我坚决支持这种观点, that,引导同位语从句,),模板1：观点对比,51,模板：好处与坏处的对比,1.In recent years, has been popular.There are many advantages in. First, Second, . Third, ,However, therere some disadvantages. . (,之一,).,Besides, .(,之二,). Also, . (,之三,),In my opinion, it is true that advantages are more than disadvantages.(,依我看，的确是好处多于坏处,) I think,One big advantage of is that. / One obvious advantage of is . / Finally, ,While it is true that . has many advantages, it is also important to realize that.(,虽然某事确实有许多好处，但是意识到,也很重要。,模板：好处与坏处的对比,52,模板,:,问题与建议,1.In recent days, we have to face a problem that (,近来，我们面临这样一个问题, that,引导同位语从句,).,解决办法：,With the help of modern technology, we now have many means to solve it. By doing ., we can Whats the most important is that,结论：,in a word, it is clear / obvious that Only when can we .,模板: 问题与建议,53,模板,:,要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。,1.,有一些人认为, 2.,另一些人认为, 3.,我的看法, The topic of _,（主题）,is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions about it. Some people say A is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of _,（支持,A,的理由一）,What is more, (,理由二,). Moreover, _(,理由三,). While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,_(,支持,B,的理由一,). Secondly (besides),_,（理由二）,. Thirdly (finally),_(,理由三,). From my point of view, I think _(,我的观点）,.The reason is that _(,原因,). As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice .,模板: 要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。1.有一,54,模板,:,给出一个观点，要求考生反对这一观点,Some people believe that _,（观点一）,. For example, they think _,（举例说明）,And it will bring them _(,为他们带来的好处,). In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point. For one thing,_(,我不同意该看法的理由一,). For another thing, _(,反对的理由之二,),Form all what I have said/In a word/In conclusion, I agree to the thought that _(,我对文章所讨论主题的看法,),模板:给出一个观点，要求考生反对这一观点 Some,55,模板：解决方法题型要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径,.,问题现状,.,怎样解决,(,解决方案的优缺点,),In recent days, we have to face a problem A, which is becoming more and more serious. First, _(,说明的现状,),Second, _(,举例进一步说明现状,),Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, _(,解决方法一,). For another thing _(,解决方法二,). Finally, _(,解决方法三,). Personally, I believe that _(,我的解决方法,). Consequently, Im confident that a bright future is awaiting us because _(,带来的好处,).,模板：解决方法题型要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径.,56,模板：说明利弊题型,这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度（利或弊）出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度（或对事物前景提出预测）,.,说明事物现状,.,事物本身的优缺点（或一方面）,.,你对现状（或前景）的看法,Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life. Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. First _(,的优点之一,). Besides _,（的优点之二）,.But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that _(,的第一个缺点,),To make matters worse,_(,的第二个缺点,),Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. Therefore, I would like to _(,我的看法,),模板：说明利弊题型 这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再,57,Summary,写作具体方法和要求,:,第一段概括要做到开门见山,:,例如,:,According to the passage, we know,This article is mainly about,The writer states that,Summary,58,2.,做到整体语篇和概括段层次感要强,如,:,整体语篇用连接词等引出每一段,第一段,:,According to ,约,30,词,第二段,:,In my opinion, ,约,90,词,第三段,:,All in all, ,约,30,词,2. 做到整体语
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