高考英语--主动表被动-每一种情况分析(含习题及课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,高考,英语,主动,表,被动,（含情况分析，习题及答案）,高考英语主动表被动（含情况分析，习题及答案）,1,一,.,主动形式表被动的含义,:,1,、,Need, want, require,（要求，需要）,deserve,(,应得，值得,),be worth,(,值得），,not bear,(,经不住,),后面接,doing,主动表被动。,The book is worth,reading,.,这本书值得一读。,The old building requires,repairing,.,这座古建筑需要修了。,These young seedlings will require/need,looking after,(=need to be looked after) carefully.,这些幼苗将需要小心的照管。,Your hair wants/needs,cutting,(needs to be cut).,你的头发该剪了。,一. 主动形式表被动的,2,2,、,不定式作定语,，放在被修饰词后面，与前面被修饰的名词或代词有动宾关系，又在句子中与另一名词或代词有主谓关系，不定式要用主动表被动含义。,I have much work,to do,.,我有许多要做的事情。,（与,work,有动宾关系，与,I,有主谓关系）,Tom,is looking for a room,to live in,.,Tom,在找一间住的房间。,（与,room,有动宾关系，与,Tom,有主谓关系）,He,has a family,to support,.,他要维持一个家庭。,（与,family,有动宾关系，与,he,有主谓关系）,2、不定式作定语，放在被修饰词后面，与前面被修饰的名词或代词,3,3.,在,too to,结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。,例,This book is too expensive (for me),to buy,.,3.在too to结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应,4,4,、不定式修饰作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时，结构：,主语,+,系动词,+,形容词,+,不定式,；,动词,+,宾语,+,形容词,+,不定式,。如果形容词是表示,难易、利弊,等含义，如,difficult, easy, comfortable,convenient,hard, cheap, expensive,等，不定式用主动表被动。,The question is difficult to answer.,这个问题很难回答。,The work is easy to do.,这项工作很好做。,I found the car comfortable to ride in.,我觉得这种车很好坐。,That makes poetry difficult to write.,那就使得诗很难写。,4、不定式修饰作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时，结构：主语+系动,5,5,、在,be to do sth,结构中,这种结构中的不定式通常应用主动表被动。下列动词用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义,:,Who,is to blame,for starting the fire?,这场火灾应由谁负责,?,You,are to blame,for the accident.,你应为这事受动责备。,The house,is to let,.,此房出租。,A lot,remains to do,.,还剩下许多事情要做。,5、在be to do sth结构中, 这种结构中的不定式通,6,6,、系动词没有被动形式,但有些系动词常表示被动意义。常见的有,taste,(,吃起来,),sound,(,听起来,),prove,(,证明是,),feel,(,摸上去感到,),look,(,看起来,),，,smell,(,闻起来,),等,例如,:,Your reason sounds reasonable,.,你的理由听起来很合理,。,Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth,.,良药苦口,。,6、系动词没有被动形式,但有些系动词常表示被动意义。常见的有,7,7.,表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：,happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out,等以主动形式表示被动意义。,例,How do the newspapers come out?,这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？,7. 表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen,8,8,、一些与,cant,(,不能,),或,wont,(,不会,),连用的动词。常用的有,:,lock,(,锁住,),shut,(,关上,) ,open,(,打开,),act,(,上演,),write,(,写,),，,cut,(,砍，切,),，,wear,(,穿，戴,),等,用作不及物动词时，用主动表被动。,例如,: The door wont open.,这门打不开。,It cant move.,它不能动。,8、一些与cant (不能) 或wont (不会) 连用,9,9,、,英语中有很多动词,如,sell,(,销售,) ,wash,(,洗,),clean,(,打扫,),burn,(,燃烧,),cook,(,煮,),break,，,catch,，,drive,，,lock,，,open,，,read,，,write,，,等与副词如,well,(,好,),easily,(,容易地,),perfectly,(,十分地,),等连用,描会事物的特性，用主动表被动，结构是主语,+,动词,+,加副词。,主语通常是物。,This kind of cloth,washes well,The book,sells well,.,这种书很畅销。,These clothes,wash easily,.,这些衣服很易洗。,The pen,writes well,.,这笔很好写。,9、英语中有很多动词如sell (销售) , wash (洗,10,10,、在“,there be,”,句型中作主语的定语如果,现在分词,时，所用的现在分词要用主动表被动意义。,There is nothing,doing,these day.,这些天没事干。,I see theres a good idea,planning,.,我知道又在打好主意。,10、在“there be”句型中作主语的定语如果现在分词时,11,介词,in, on, under,等,+,名词构成介词短语表被动意义,表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，含被动之义，其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式，名词前一般不用冠词。,1. “under +,名词”结构，表示“某事在进行中”。常见的有：,under control,（受控制）, under treatment,（在治疗中）, under repair,（在修理中）, under discussion,（在讨论中）, under construction,（在施工中）。,例,The building is under construction( is being constructed).,2,“,beyond+,名词”结构，“出乎,胜过,、范围、限度”。常见的有：,beyond belief (,令人难以置信,),，,beyond ones reach,（鞭长莫及），,beyond ones control,（无法控制），,beyond our hope, 我们的成功始料不及。例,The rumor is beyond belief,（,=cant be believed,）,介词in, on, under等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义,12,3.“above+,名词”结构,表示“,(,品质、行为、能力等,),超过,、高于,”,。,例,His honest character is above all praise,=His honest character cannot be praised enough,4,“,for+,名词”结构，表示 “适于,、 为着,”,。如：,for sale(,出售,), for rent,（出租）等。,例,That house is for sale. (= That house is to be sold).,5,“,in+,名词”结构 ，表示“在,过程中或范围内”常见的有：,in print,（在印刷中），,in sight(,在视野范围内,),，等。,例,The book is not yet in print,(=is not yet printed),3.“above+名词”结构, 表示“(品质、行为、能力等,13,6,“,on+,名词”结构,表示“在从事,中”。常见的有：,on sale(,出售,),，,on show,（展出）, on trial,（受审）。,例,Today some treasures are on show in the museum (= are being showed).,7,“,out of+,名词”结构 ； 表示 “ 超出,之外“，常见的有：,out of control (,控制不了,),，,out of sight,（超出视线之外），,out of ones reach(,够不着,), out of fashion(,不流行,),等。,例,The plane was out of control (cant be controlled),8,“,within+,名词”结构，“在,内、不超过,”,。,例,He took two days off within the teachers permission,6“on+名词”结构, 表示“在从事 中”。常见的有,14,注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。,试比较：,The door wont lock, （指门本身有毛病）,The door wont be locked, （指不会有人来锁门,指“门没有锁”是人的原因）,高考英语-主动表被动-每一种情况分析(含习题及课件,15,被动语态与系表结构的区别,当“,be+,过去分词”作被动语态时表示主语承受的动作；作系表结构时表示主语的特点或所处的状态时，,be,后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词。其区分办法如下：,1,如果强调动作或句中有介词,by,引导出动作的执行者，该句一般为被动语态，否则为系表结构。,例,The glass is broken, （系表结构）,The glass was broken by the boy, （被动语态）,2,如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态。,例,The door is locked, （系表结构）,The door has already/just been locked,（被动语态）,被动语态与系表结构的区别,16,Exercises: choose the best choice.,1. There are many good films played by ChengLong that are worth _. A. to be seen B. being seen C. seeing D. to see,2. The food _ easily and sells _. A. cooks ; well B. is cooking; good,C. is cooked; well D. cooked; good,3. The windows of the building cant _., A. be closed B. close C. be closing D. closed,C,A,B,Exercises: choose the best cho,17,二、主动形式表被动含义：,一,),、不及物动词的过去分词只表完成不表被动，因此在,be + p.p.,的句型中看似被动实际是主动。,例如：,be gone,The days,are gone,when China was both poor and backward.,二）、很多时候过去分词都变成了形容词,因此也是看似被动实际表主动,尤其是后边加介词更为多见。,例如：,be interested,(in),类似的动词有：,be surprised, be excited, be pleased, be satisfied, be disappointed, be shocked, be moved, be amazed, be frightened, be delighted, be ashamed,等。,二、主动形式表被动含义：,18,三）、某些特殊动词：,be seated,= sit down, take ones seat,就座,Please,be seated, ladies and gentlemen.,女士们、 先生们,请就座,.,The woman,seated by the window,is his mother.,= The woman,sitting by the window,is his mother.,这样的动词本来就是及物动词，而且后面可跟反身代词做宾语,She,seated herself,on the sofa.,三）、某些特殊动词：,19,2.,be prepared,(for) = prepare (for); be ready (for),）（为,),准备好,She,was prepared for,anything to happen.,她已准备好应付一切,.,Well-prepared,for the exam, all the students took it confidently.,3.,be worried,(about ) = worry (about),对,担心,She,was worried,about her missing son.,= She,worried herself,about her missing son.,2. be prepared (for) = prepa,20,4. be dressed (in),= wear,穿着,She,is dressed,in red today.,Hurry up and,get dressed,!,快点穿上衣服,!,5.,be concerned,(about/ with,),= care about/ be relevant to/ be about,关心,;,与,有关联,We,are,all,concerned about,his health.,We,re,all,concerned for,her safety.,This book,is concerned with,the adolescent crime.,4. be dressed (in) = wear 穿,21,5. be supposed,(to) = should,应该,Am,I,supposed,to clean all the rooms or just this one?,=,Should,I clean all the rooms or just this one?,6.,be devoted,to =be loving or loyal,热爱的,;,忠实的,She,is devoted to,her children.,她深爱她的孩子,.,Her life,was devoted to,caring for the sick and needy.,她一生都致力于关心照顾贫病交迫的人。,5. be supposed (to) = should,22,7.,be addicted,(to) = be strongly interested (in),对,上瘾,He,was addicted to,smoking.,8.,be used,(to),习惯于,After three weeks she,had got used to,the extreme heat.,9.,be accustomed,(to) =be used (to),习惯（于,.),I soon,got accustomed to,his strange ways.,我不久就习惯了他那些奇怪的做法,.,7. be addicted (to) = be str,23,Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the given verbs:,1._( dress) in white, he looks like a doctor.,2. After _ (stay) here for 1 year, he _ (accustom) to the hot weather.,3. You _ (suppose) to arrive here before 8 oclock.,4. You can pass the exam as long as you _ (prepare, well) for it.,5. After all the people _ (seat), the chairman announced the start of the meeting.,Dressed,staying,is accustomed,are supposed,are well-prepared,were seated,Fill in the blanks with the pr,24,