飞机液压系统活门介绍-课件

BasicAircraftsystemValvesofAircraftHydraulicSystem1 1pptppt课件课件BasicAircraftSystemshydraulicsystemHYDRAULICSYSTEMVALVESThevalvesusedinhydraulicsystemsmaybedividedintoThevalvesusedinhydraulicsystemsmaybedividedinto:F Flowcontrolvalves.lowcontrolvalves.AflowcontrolvalveselectstherouteofflowoftheAflowcontrolvalveselectstherouteofflowofthefluidthroughthesystem,andisnotnormallyconcernedfluidthroughthesystem,andisnotnormallyconcernedwiththepressure.withthepressure.PressurecontrolvalvesPressurecontrolvalves O Ontheotherhand,ntheotherhand,p pressurecontrolvalvesadjust,ressurecontrolvalvesadjust,regulate,orlimitregulate,orlimit theamountofpressureinthesystem,ortheamountofpressureinthesystem,orinanyportionofthesystem.inanyportionofthesystem.2 2pptppt课件课件BasicAircraftSystemshydraulicsystemHYDRAULICSYSTEMVALVESFLOWCONTROLVALVESFLOWCONTROLVALVESForhydrauliccomponentsandsystemstooperateasForhydrauliccomponentsandsystemstooperateasintended,theflowoffluidmustberigidlycontrolled.Fluidintended,theflowoffluidmustberigidlycontrolled.Fluidmustbemadetoflowaccordingtodefiniteplans.Manymustbemadetoflowaccordingtodefiniteplans.Manykindsofvalveunitsareusedforexercisingsuchcontrol.kindsofvalveunitsareusedforexercisingsuchcontrol.1.1.selectorvalvesselectorvalves(选择活门选择活门)2.2.checkvalvescheckvalves(单向活门单向活门)3.3.sequencevalvessequencevalves(顺序活门顺序活门)4.4.priorityvalvespriorityvalves(优先活门优先活门)5.5.quickdisconnectquickdisconnect valvevalve(快断活门快断活门)6.6.hydraulicfuseshydraulicfuses(液压保险液压保险)3 3pptppt课件课件4 4pptppt课件课件BasicAircraftSystemshydraulicsystemVALVESSELECTORVALVESSelectorValvesOneofthemostfamiliarflowcontrolvalvesistheselectorvalve,whichdeterminesthedirectionofflowoffluidtoretractorextendthelandinggear,ortoselectthepositionofthewingflaps.Twocommonlyusedtypesofselectorvalves:5 5pptppt课件课件BasicAircraftSystemshydraulicsystemVALVESSELECTORVALVESSelectorValvesSelectorValvesO OpencentervalvepencentervalveTheopencentervalvedirectsfluidthroughthecenterofTheopencentervalvedirectsfluidthroughthecenterofthevalvebacktothereservoirwhenaunitisnotbeingthevalvebacktothereservoirwhenaunitisnotbeingactuated.actuated.C Closedcentervalvelosedcentervalve TheclosedcentervalvestopstheflowoffluidwhenitisinTheclosedcentervalvestopstheflowoffluidwhenitisinitsneutralposition.Bothvalvesdirectfluidfromthepumpitsneutralposition.Bothvalvesdirectfluidfromthepumptoonesideoftheactuatorandventtheoppositesidetothetoonesideoftheactuatorandventtheoppositesidetothereservoir.reservoir.6 6pptppt课件课件BasicAircraftSystemshydraulicsystemVALVESSELECTORVALVESVALVESSELECTORVALVESO OpencentervalvepencentervalveTheopencentervalveisanopencenterpoppettypeTheopencentervalveisanopencenterpoppettypeselectorvalveutilizedinanopencenterhydraulicsystemselectorvalveutilizedinanopencenterhydraulicsystem(referbacktoFigure817).(referbacktoFigure817).Whentheselectorhandleisintheneutralposition,theWhentheselectorhandleisintheneutralposition,theappropriatepoppetisoffofitsseat.appropriatepoppetisoffofitsseat.FluidflowsstraightthroughthevalvefromthepumptoFluidflowsstraightthroughthevalvefromthepumptothenextselectorvalveandontothereservoir.thenextselectorvalveandontothereservoir.Figure837,view(A)Figure837,view(A)7 7pptppt课件课件8 8pptppt课件课件BasicAircraftSystemshydraulicsystemVALVESSELECTORVALVESO OpencentervalvepencentervalveWhentheactuatorreachestheendofitstravel,thepumpWhentheactuatorreachestheendofitstravel,thepumpcontinuestoproduceaflowoffluid.Asystemreliefcontinuestoproduceaflowoffluid.Asystemreliefvalve(referbacktoFigure817)mustoffseattoallowavalve(referbacktoFigure817)mustoffseattoallowaflowbacktothereservoiruntiltheselectorvalveisflowbacktothereservoiruntiltheselectorvalveismovedtoitsneutralposition.movedtoitsneutralposition.SomeopencentervalveshaveanautomaticfeaturethatSomeopencentervalveshaveanautomaticfeaturethatcausesthemtomovetotheneutralpositionwhenthecausesthemtomovetotheneutralpositionwhenthepressurerisestoaspecifiedvalue.pressurerisestoaspecifiedvalue.9 9pptppt课件课件BasicAircraftSystemshydraulicsystemVALVESSELECTORVALVESO OpencentervalvepencentervalveWhentheactuatorreachestheendofitstravel,thepumpWhentheactuatorreachestheendofitstravel,thepumpcontinuestoproduceaflowoffluid.Asystemreliefcontinuestoproduceaflowoffluid.Asystemreliefvalve(referbacktoFigure817)mustoffseattoallowavalve(referbacktoFigure817)mustoffseattoallowaflowbacktothereservoiruntiltheselectorvalveisflowbacktothereservoiruntiltheselectorvalveismovedtoitsneutralposition.movedtoitsneutralposition.SomeopencentervalveshaveanautomaticfeaturethatSomeopencentervalveshaveanautomaticfeaturethatcausesthemtomovetotheneutralpositionwhenthecausesthemtomovetotheneutralpositionwhenthepressurerisestoaspecifiedvalue.pressurerisestoaspecifiedvalue.1010pptppt课件课件BasicAircraftSystemshydraulicsystemVALVESSELECTORVALVESVALVESSELECTORVALVESO OpencentervalvepencentervalveWhenthegearselectorismovedtotheGEARUPWhenthegearselectorismovedtotheGEARUPposition,poppets2and5open,andfluidfromthepumpposition,poppets2and5open,andfluidfromthepumpflowsaroundpoppet2,whilethereturnfluidflowsflowsaroundpoppet2,whilethereturnfluidflowsaroundpoppet5asinFigure837,view(C).aroundpoppet5asinFigure837,view(C).1111pptppt课件课件BasicAircraftSystemshydraulicsystemVALVESSELECTORVALVESClosedClosedcentervalvecentervalve1.1.PlugtypeclosedcentervalvesareoftenusedPlugtypeclosedcentervalvesareoftenused inaircrafthydraulicsystems.inaircrafthydraulicsystems.Inoneposition,thepressureportandoneactuatorportInoneposition,thepressureportandoneactuatorportareconnected,whiletheotheractuatorportisconnectedareconnected,whiletheotheractuatorportisconnectedtothereturntothereturn port.port.RotatingtheselectorhandleninetydegreesreversestheRotatingtheselectorhandleninetydegreesreversestheconnectionbetweentheactuatorportsandthepressureconnectionbetweentheactuatorportsandthepressureandreturnlines.Figure838andreturnlines.Figure8381212pptppt课件课件1313pptppt课件课件BasicAircraftSystemshydraulicsystemPoppetValveApoppetvalve(alsocalledmushroomvalve)isavalveApoppetvalve(alsocalledmushroomvalve)isavalveconsistingofahole,usuallyroundoroval,andataperedconsistingofahole,usuallyroundoroval,andataperedplug,usuallyadiskshapeontheendofashaftalsoplug,usuallyadiskshapeontheendofashaftalsocalledavalvestem.calledavalvestem.TheshaftguidestheplugportionbyslidingthroughaTheshaftguidestheplugportionbyslidingthroughavalveguide.valveguide.InmostapplicationsapressuredifferentialhelpstosealInmostapplicationsapressuredifferentialhelpstosealthevalveandinsomeapplicationsalsoopenit.thevalveandinsomeapplicationsalsoopenit.1414pptppt课件课件1515pptppt课件课件BasicAircraftSystemshydraulicsystemVALVESSELECTORVALVESVALVESSELECTORVALVESClosedClosedcentervalvecentervalve2.2.poppettypeselectorvalvepoppettypeselectorvalve(提升阀提升阀,菌形活门菌形活门)AmorepositiveshutoffoffluidmaybeprovidedbyusingAmorepositiveshutoffoffluidmaybeprovidedbyusingapoppettypeselectorvalve,suchastheoneshowninapoppettypeselectorvalve,suchastheoneshowninFigure839.Figure839.IntheGEARUPpositionIntheGEARUPposition(viewA),poppets2and3are(viewA),poppets2and3areoffoftheirseats,andpoppets1and4areseated.Fluidoffoftheirseats,andpoppets1and4areseated.Fluidflowsfromthepumparoundpoppetonetoonesideoftheflowsfromthepumparoundpoppetonetoonesideoftheactuatorpistonandraisesthelandinggear.actuatorpistonandraisesthelandinggear.ThefluidfromtheoppositesideoftheactuatorpistonisThefluidfromtheoppositesideoftheactuatorpistonispushedoutofthecylinder,aroundpoppetthree,andbackpushedoutofthecylinder,aroundpoppetthree,andbacktothereservoir.tothereservoir.1616pptppt课件课件1717pptppt课件课件BasicAircraftSystemshydraulicsystemVALVESSELECTORVALVESClosedClosedcentervalvecentervalve2.2.poppettypeselectorvalvepoppettypeselectorvalveWhenthegearselectorhandleisplacedintheGEARWhenthegearselectorhandleisplacedintheGEARDOWNposition(viewB),poppets1and4areoffDOWNposition(viewB),poppets1and4areoffseated,andpoppets2and3areseated.seated,andpoppets2and3areseated.Fluidflowsfromthepumparoundpoppet1intotheFluidflowsfromthepumparoundpoppet1intotheactuator,whilethedisplacedfluidflowsaroundpoppet4actuator,whilethedisplacedfluidflowsaroundpoppet4backintothereservoir.backintothereservoir.1818pptppt课件课件BasicAircraftSystemshydraulicsystemVALVESSELECTORVALVESClosedClosedcentervalvecentervalve：2.2.poppettypeselectorvalvepoppettypeselectorvalveInaclosedcenterhydraulicsystem,theselectorvalveInaclosedcenterhydraulicsystem,theselectorvalvemayshutofftheflowoffluidwithoutcausinganyriseinmayshutofftheflowoffluidwithoutcausinganyriseinthesystempressure.thesystempressure.Reason:Reason:ThisisbecausethesystemusesapressureregulatortoThisisbecausethesystemusesapressureregulatortomaintainthesystempressureindependentofthepositionmaintainthesystempressureindependentofthepositionofanyselectorvalve.ofanyselectorvalve.1919pptppt课件课件BasicAircraftSystemshydraulicsystemVALVESCHECKVALVESCheckValvesCheckValvesTherearemanyinstancesinanaircrafthydraulicsystemTherearemanyinstancesinanaircrafthydraulicsystemwhereitisdesirabletoallowfluidtoflowinonedirectionwhereitisdesirabletoallowfluidtoflowinonedirectionbutpreventitsflowintheoppositedirection.butpreventitsflowintheoppositedirection.Thisisdonewithcheckvalves.Thisisdonewithcheckvalves.2020pptppt课件课件BasicAircraftSystemshydraulicsystemVALVESCHECKVALVESVALVESCHECKVALVESTypesofCheckValves1.Flaptypethistypeofcheckvalveisnotusedin1.Flaptypethistypeofcheckvalveisnotusedinhydraulicshydraulics2121pptppt课件课件BasicAircraftSystemshydraulicsystemVALVESCHECKVALVESVALVESCHECKVALVESTypesofCheckValvesTypesofCheckValves2.BallTypeTooheavyandhastoomuchinertiatomove2.BallTypeTooheavyandhastoomuchinertiatomove2222pptppt课件课件BasicAircraftSystemshydraulicsystemVALVESCHECKVALVESVALVESCHECKVALVESTypesofCheckValvesTypesofCheckValves3.Poppettypevalveisthepreferredtypethatisusedin3.Poppettypevalveisthepreferredtypethatisusedinhydraulicsnow.hydraulicsnow.2323pptppt课件课件BasicAircraftSystemshydraulicsystemVALVESCHECKVALVES3.Poppettypevalveisthepreferredtypethatisusedin3.Poppettypevalveisthepreferredtypethatisusedinhydraulicsnow.hydraulicsnow.Thefrontofthepoppet(leftsideofthepictureabove)sitsThefrontofthepoppet(leftsideofthepictureabove)sitssnuglyonthehardseat(darkershadedareasontheleftsnuglyonthehardseat(darkershadedareasontheleftside).side).Thepoppetworksonthefollowingprinciple.WhenhighThepoppetworksonthefollowingprinciple.Whenhighpressurefluid(withpressureP1)comesinontheleft,itpressurefluid(withpressureP1)comesinontheleft,itforcesthepoppetopen.forcesthepoppetopen.2424pptppt课件课件BasicAircraftSystemshydraulicsystemVALVESCHECKVALVESVALVESCHECKVALVES3.Poppettypevalveisthepreferredtypethatisusedin3.Poppettypevalveisthepreferredtypethatisusedinhydraulicsnow.hydraulicsnow.SinceP1P2,theforceontheleftsideofthepoppet(F1)SinceP1P2,theforceontheleftsideofthepoppet(F1)isgreaterthantheforceduetothespring(F2)andisjustisgreaterthantheforceduetothespring(F2)andisjustenoughtoopenthepoppet.enoughtoopenthepoppet.But,whenflowstops,orthereisahighpressureflowBut,whenflowstops,orthereisahighpressureflowfromtherightsideofthepoppet,thenP2P1andthefromtherightsideofthepoppet,thenP2P1andthepressureforcesthepoppetagainstthevalveseat,closingpressureforcesthepoppetagainstthevalveseat,closingofftheopening.Thusthefluidisallowedtoflowthroughofftheopening.Thusthefluidisallowedtoflowthroughinonedirectiononly.inonedirectiononly.2525pptppt课件课件BasicAircraftSystemshydraulicsystemVALVES-CHECK VALVESVALVES-CHECK VALVESCheck valves are designed so as not to tolerate leakage.Check valves are designed so as not to tolerate leakage.The purpose of the light spring is only to keep the The purpose of the light spring is only to keep the poppet on the seat.poppet on the seat.Most manufacturers use sharp-edged,very hard seats Most manufacturers use sharp-edged,very hard seats and soft,maybe plastic,poppets.and soft,maybe plastic,poppets.Parallel seats are very good except that they are too Parallel seats are very good except that they are too prone to trapping contaminants between the seat and prone to trapping contaminants between the seat and the poppet.the poppet.2626pptppt课件课件2727pptppt课件课件2828pptppt课件课件2929pptppt课件课件BasicAircraftSystemshydraulicsystemVALVESCHECKVALVESVALVESCHECKVALVESCheckvalvesaremadeintwogeneraldesignstoserveCheckvalvesaremadeintwogeneraldesignstoservetwodifferentneeds.twodifferentneeds.Inone,thecheckvalveiscompletewithinitself.ItisInone,thecheckvalveiscompletewithinitself.Itisinterconnectedwithothercomponentsbymeansoftubinginterconnectedwithothercomponentsbymeansoftubingorhose.Checkvalvesofthisdesignarecommonlycalledorhose.Checkvalvesofthisdesignarecommonlycalledinlinecheckvalvesinlinecheckvalves.Intheotherdesign,thecheckvalveisnotcompletewithinIntheotherdesign,thecheckvalveisnotcompletewithinitselfbecauseitdoesnothaveahousingexclusivelyitsitselfbecauseitdoesnothaveahousingexclusivelyitsown.Checkvalvesofthisdesignarecommonlycalledown.Checkvalvesofthisdesignarecommonlycalledintegralcheckvalvesintegralcheckvalves.Thisvalveisactuallyanintegral.Thisvalveisactuallyanintegralpartofsomemajorcomponentand,assuch,sharesthepartofsomemajorcomponentand,assuch,sharesthehousingofthatcomponent.housingofthatcomponent.3030pptppt课件课件BasicAircraftSystemshydraulicsystemVALVESCHECKVALVESVALVESCHECKVALVESThereareseveraltypesofinlinecheckvalvesinuse.TheThereareseveraltypesofinlinecheckvalvesinuse.Theballtypevalveisperhapsthemostfamiliar.Itallowsfluidballtypevalveisperhapsthemostfamiliar.Itallowsfluidtoflowinonedirection,butitcannotflowintheoppositetoflowinonedirection,butitcannotflowintheoppositedirection.Figure840,view(A)direction.Figure840,view(A)Theconetypecheckvalve,Figure840,view(B),Theconetypecheckvalve,Figure840,view(B),behavesinmuchthesamewayexceptthatthesealisbehavesinmuchthesamewayexceptthatthesealisprovidedbyaconeratherthanbyaball.providedbyaconeratherthanbyaball.3131pptppt课件课件BasicAircraftSystemshydraulicsystemVALVESCHECKVALVESVALVESCHECKVALVESNeitherofthesecheckvalvesallowsanentirelyfreeflowNeitherofthesecheckvalvesallowsanentirelyfreeflowinthedirectionofthearrowsincetheflowisopposedbyinthedirectionofthearrowsincetheflowisopposedbythespringthatholdsthevalveseated.thespringthatholdsthevalveseated.AvalveofthistypeisusedtomaintaincasepressureinaAvalveofthistypeisusedtomaintaincasepressureinageartypehydraulicpump.Thespringforcedeterminesthegeartypehydraulicpump.Thespringforcedeterminesthepressureneededtoopenthecheckvalve.pressureneededtoopenthecheckvalve.3232pptppt课件课件BasicAircraftSystemshydraulicsystemVALVESCHECKVALVESVALVESCHECKVALVESS Swingtypevalvewingtypevalve（回转阀）（回转阀）SomeapplicationsforacheckvalvecannottoleratetheSomeapplicationsforacheckvalvecannottoleratetheoppositiontotheflowoffluid,andifthisisthecase,aoppositiontotheflowoffluid,andifthisisthecase,aswingtypevalveswingtypevalvemaybeused,asinFigure840,view(C).maybeused,asinFigure840,view(C).CONFIGURATIONCONFIGURATIONAdiskisheldwithaveryweakspringovertheopeningtoAdiskisheldwithaveryweakspringovertheopeningtothepassageinsidethecheckvalve.thepassageinsidethecheckvalve.FluidflowinginthedirectionofthearrowcaneasilyforceFluidflowinginthedirectionofthearrowcaneasilyforcethevalveopenandflowthroughwithalmostnothevalveopenandflowthroughwithalmostnoopposition.opposition.But,fluidattemptingtoflowintheoppositedirectionwillBut,fluidattemptingtoflowintheoppositedirectionwillforcethediscovertheopeningandpreventanyflow.forcethediscovertheopeningandpreventanyflow.3333pptppt课件课件BasicAircraftSystemshydraulicsystemORIFICECHECKVALVESORIFICECHECKVALVESCertainapplicationsrequirefullflowoffluidinoneCertainapplicationsrequirefullflowoffluidinonedirectionandrestrictedflowintheoppositedirection.directionandrestrictedflowintheoppositedirection.AnexampleofthisisinalandinggearsystemwhereairAnexampleofthisisinalandinggearsystemwhereairloadsandtheweightofthegearcausetheextensiontobeloadsandtheweightofthegearcausetheextensiontobeexcessivelyfast.excessivelyfast.TheweightofthegearagainsttheairloadrequireseveryTheweightofthegearagainsttheairloadrequireseverybitofpressurepossibletogetthegearup.bitofpressurepossibletogetthegearup.Figure841Figure8413434pptppt课件课件BasicAircraftSystemshydraulicsystemORIFICECHECKVALVESORIFICECHECKVALVESAnorificecheckvalveisanexampleofanintegralAnorificecheckvalveisanexampleofanintegralcheckvalveandisinstalledinsuchawaythatfluidcheckvalveandisinstalledinsuchawaythatfluidflowingthroughthegearuplinesisnotrestricted,flowingthroughthegearuplinesisnotrestricted,WhilefluidleavingthegearupsideoftheactuatorisWhilefluidleavingthegearupsideoftheactuatorisrestrictedbytheorificeinthecheckvalve.restrictedbytheorificeinthecheckvalve.Figure841Figure8413535pptppt课件课件3636pptppt课件课件BasicAircraftSystemshydraulicsystemVALVESSEQUENCEVALVESVALVESSEQUENCEVALVESModernaircraftwithretractablelandinggearoftenhaveModernaircraftwithretractablelandinggearoftenhavedoorsthatcloseinflighttocoverthewheelwellanddoorsthatcloseinflighttocoverthewheelwellandmaketheairplanemorestreamlined.maketheairplanemorestreamlined.TobesurethelandinggeardoesnotextendbeforetheTobesurethelandinggeardoesnotextendbeforethedoorsareopened,sequencevalvesmaybeused.doorsareopened,sequencevalvesmaybeused.TheseareactuallycheckvalveswhichallowaflowinTheseareactuallycheckvalveswhichallowaflowinonlyonedirection,butmaybeopenedmanuallytoallowonlyonedirection,butmaybeopenedmanuallytoallowfluidtoflowineitherdirection.Figure842fluidtoflowineitherdirection.Figure8423737pptppt课件课件3838pptppt课件课件BasicAircraftSystemshydraulicsystemVALVESSEQUENCEVALVESVALVESSEQUENCEVALVESInalandinggearsystem,thewheelwelldoorsmustbeInalandinggearsystem,thewheelwelldoorsmustbefullyopenbeforethelandinggearisextended.fullyopenbeforethelandinggearisextended.Inthissystem,thegeardooractuatingpistonopenstheInthissystem,thegeardooractuatingpistonopensthesequencevalvewhenthedoorsarefullyopen,allowingsequencevalvewhenthedoorsarefullyopen,allowingfluidtoflowintothemainlandinggearcylinder.fluidtoflowintothemainlandinggearcylinder.ThereturnfluidflowsunrestrictedthroughthesequenceThereturnfluidflowsunrestrictedthroughthesequencevalveonitswaybackintothereservoir.Figure843valveonitswaybackintothereservoir.Figure8433939pptppt课件课件4040pptppt课件课件BasicAircraftSystemshydraulicsystemVALVESPRIORITYVALVESVALVESPRIORITYVALVESPriority ValvesPriority ValvesPriorityvalvesaresimilartosequencevalves,exceptthatPriorityvalvesaresimilartosequencevalves,exceptthattheyareopenedbyhydraulicpressureratherthanbytheyareopenedbyhydraulicpressureratherthanbymechanicalcontact.mechanicalcontact.TheyarecalledpriorityvalvesbecausesuchdevicesasTheyarecalledpriorityvalvesbecausesuchdevicesaswheelwelldoors,whichmustoperatefirst,requirealowerwheelwelldoors,whichmustoperatefirst,requirealowerpressurethanthemainlandinggear,andthevalvewillpressurethanthemainlandinggear,andthevalvewillshutoffalltheflowtothemaingearuntilthedoorshaveshutoffalltheflowtothemaingearuntilthedoorshaveactuatedandthepressurebuildsupattheendoftheactuatedandthepressurebuildsupattheendoftheactuatorstroke.Whenthisbuildupoccurs,thepriorityactuatorstroke.Whenthisbuildupoccurs,thepriorityvalveopenssofluidcanflowtothemaingear.Figure8valveopenssofluidcanflowtothemaingear.Figure844444141pptppt课件课件4242pptppt课件课件BasicAircraftSystemshydraulicsystemQUICKDISCONNECTVALVESQUICKDISCONNECTVALVESQuick-Disconnect ValvesQuick-Disconnect ValvesQuickdisconnect,orlinedisconnectvalves,areinstalledQuickdisconnect,orlinedisconnectvalves,areinstalledinhydrauliclinestopreventthelossoffluidwhenunitsinhydrauliclinestopreventthelossoffluidwhenunitsareremoved.areremoved.SuchvalvesmaybeinstalledinthepressureandsuctionSuchvalvesmaybeinstalledinthepressureandsuctionlinesofthesystemjustinfront,andimmediatelybehindlinesofthesystemjustinfront,andimmediatelybehindthepowerpump.thepowerpump.4343pptppt课件课件BasicAircraftSystemshydraulicsystemQUICKDISCONNECTVALVESQUICKDISCONNECTVALVESThesevalvescanalsobeusedinwaysotherthanjustforThesevalvescanalsobeusedinwaysotherthanjustforunitreplacement.Apowerpumpcanbedisconnectedunitreplacement.Apowerpumpcanbedisconnectedfromthesystemandahydraulicteststandconnectedinitsfromthesystemandahydraulicteststandconnectedinitsplace.place.CONFIGURATIONCONFIGURA