高一英语句子结构分析课件

英语句子成分和英语英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习句子结构讲解及练习英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习句子成份句子成份 句子一般由两个部分组成：句子一般由两个部分组成：主语部分（主语部分（subject group）谓语部分（谓语部分（predicate group）句子成份：句子成份：主主 谓谓 宾宾 表表补补定定 状状句子成份句子一般由两个部分组成：主语部分（subjecMembersofsentence:S-subjectP-predicativeO-objectAttri.-attributeAdv.-adverbOc-objectcomplement主主宾宾表表补补定定状状Membersofsentence:主宾表补定状v简单句的五个基本句型v主语不及物动词Shecame.v主语及物动词宾语ShelikesEnglish.v主语系动词主语补语vSheishappyv主语动词间接宾语直接宾语vShegaveJohnabookvSheboughtabookforme.v主语动词宾语宾语补语vShemakeshermotherangryvTheteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.v（There+beThereliesabookonthedesk.简单句的五个基本句型1.主语（主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。Thesunrisesintheeast（名词）Helikesdancing.（代词）Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(数词)Seeingisbelieving.（动名词）Toseeistobelieve.（不定式）Whatheneedsisabook.（主语从句）Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）1.主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。(一）指出下列句中主语的中心词Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.Thereisanoldmancominghere.Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.Todotodayshomeworkwithouttheteachershelpisverydifficult.(一）指出下列句中主语的中心词谓语谓语（predicate）：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。WestudyEnglish.Heisasleep.(二).选出句中谓语的中心词Idontlikethepictureonthewall.A.dontB.likeC.pictureD.wallThedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.A.getB.longerC.daysD.summerDoyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?A.DoB.usuallyC.goD.busTherewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoon谓语（predicate）：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为3.表语（表语（predicative）：系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。Heisateacher.（名词）Youdontlookit.（代词）Fiveandfiveisten.（数词）Heisasleep.（形容词）Hisfatherisin.（副词）Thepictureisonthewall.(介词短语)Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.（形容词化的分词）Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.（表语从句）3.表语（predicative）：系动词之后的成分，表示除了除了be 系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词，系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词，1)表表感官的动词感官的动词:2)表表转变变化转变变化的动词的动词:3)表表延续延续的动词的动词feel,smell,taste,sound,look,appear,seem等。等。become,get,grow,turn,go,等等remain,keep,hold,stay,rest等等。除了be系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词，feel（常见的系动词有（常见的系动词有:be,sound（听起来）（听起来）,look（看起来）（看起来）,feel(摸起来，摸起来，smell（闻起来）（闻起来）,taste（尝、吃起来）（尝、吃起来）,remain（保持，仍是）（保持，仍是）,feel（感觉）（感觉）Itsoundsagoodidea.Thesoundsoundsstrange.Hervoicesoundssweet.Tomlooksthin.Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thefoodtastesgood.Thedoorremainsopen.NowIfeeltired.（常见的系动词有:be,sound（听起来）,look(三三)挑出下列句中的表语挑出下列句中的表语Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.WhyisheworriedaboutJim?Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.(三)挑出下列句中的表语4.宾语：宾语：1）动宾表示行为的对象，常由名词或）动宾表示行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。如：如：IlikeChina.（名词）（名词）Hehatesyou.（代词）（代词）Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.（数（数词）词）Ienjoyworkingwithyou.（动名词）（动名词）Ihopetoseeyouagain.（不定式）（不定式）Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（宾语从（宾语从句）句）4.宾语：1）动宾表示行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任。放2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-介介宾宾Areyouafraidofthesnake?Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.3）双宾语）双宾语-间宾（指人）和直宾间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）（指物）Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-介宾v(四四)挑出下列句中的宾语挑出下列句中的宾语vMybrotherhasntdonehishomework.vPeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.vYoumustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.vHowmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?vSomeofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?vhishomeworkEnglishyourpronunciationnewwordstogoswimming(四)挑出下列句中的宾语v5.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。vWeelectedhimmonitor.（名词）（名词）vWeallthinkitapitythatshedidntcomehere.（名词）（名词）vWewillmakethemhappy.（形容词）（形容词）vWefoundnobodyin.(副词副词)vPleasemakeyourselfathome.（介词短语）（介词短语）Dontlethimdothat.（省（省to不定式）不定式）vHisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（带（带to不定式）不定式）vDontkeepthelightsburning.（现在分词）（现在分词）vIllhavemybikerepaired.（过去分词）（过去分词）5.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。v(五五)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语挑出下列句中的宾语补足语vShelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.vHeaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.vShefounditdifficulttodothework.vTheycallmeLilysometimes.vIsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.vDidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?vtoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-roomtotaketheboyoutofschoolvLilygetonthebusplayingfootballontheplayground(五)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语v划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语vPleasetellusastory.vMyfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.vMr.Liisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.vHereisapen.GiveittoTom.vDidheleaveanymessageforme?划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语v6.定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。vYanlingisachemistryteacher.（名词）（名词）vHeisourfriend.（代词）（代词）vWebelongtothethirdworld.（数词）（数词）vHewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（形（形容词）容词）vThemanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副词副词)vThewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.(介介词词)vTheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.（现在分词）（现在分词）vThetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.（过去分词）（过去分词）vIhaveanideatodoitwell.（不定式）（不定式）vYoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.（定语从句）（定语从句）6.定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。说明说明1：当定语修饰不定代词如：当定语修饰不定代词如：nothing,anything,everything,something等时，定语要放在其后作后置等时，定语要放在其后作后置定语定语我告诉他一些有趣的事情。我告诉他一些有趣的事情。Itellhimsomethinginteresting.说明说明2：不定式、短语或从句不定式、短语或从句作定语时，也放在被修饰的作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后。名词之后。这间屋子里的男孩子们是这间屋子里的男孩子们是10班的。班的。TheboysintheroomareinClassTen.说明1：当定语修饰不定代词如：nothing,anythv(六六)挑出下列句中的定语挑出下列句中的定语vTheyuseMr.,Mrs.withthefamilyname.vWhatisyourgivenname?vOnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.vIamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.vThemandownstairswastryingtosleep.vfamilygiventhirdsomedownstairs(六)挑出下列句中的定语v7.状语：用来修饰状语：用来修饰v.,adj.,adv.,or句子。表示时间、地句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。（以下例句按上述顺序排列）（以下例句按上述顺序排列）vIwillgotheretomorrow.vThemeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.vThemeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.vHestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.vHedidntstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.vIlikesomeofyouverymuch.vIfyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.vHegoestoschoolbybike.vThoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.7.状语：用来修饰v.,adj.,adv.,or句v(七七)挑出下列句中的状语挑出下列句中的状语vTherewasabigsmileonherface.vEverynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.vHebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.vThemanonthemotorbikewastravellingtoofast.vWiththemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.vonthefaceEverynightwhenhewaselevenfastoff(七)挑出下列句中的状语