中考英语总复习---语法专题人教版课件

第二篇中考专题突破第一部分语法专题专题一名词和代词(一)名词考点考点1:不可数名词不可数名词不可数名词 一般只有单数形式,没有复数形式,在句中作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。不可数名词前面不能用不定冠词a,an修饰,但可用定冠词the,some,any,much,a lot of,lots of,a little,little等修饰。不可数名词需要计量时,则用“数词/冠词+量词+of+不可数名词”这样的结构来表示,量词可以是单数也可以是复数,但of后的名词只能用原形.考点考点2:可数名词的复数变化形式可数名词的复数变化形式在使用可数名词时,要熟练掌握可数名词变复数的规则第二篇中考专题突破第一部分语法专题专题一名词和代词(一1情况变化规则例词一般情况直接在词尾加-sbookbooks;facefaces以s,x,sh,ch等结尾的名词直接在词尾加-esboxboxes;watchwatches以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词变y为i,再加-esbabybabies;familyfamilies以f或fe结尾的名词变f或fe为v,再加-esleafleaves;wifewives;lifelives;knifeknives以o结尾一般o前为辅音音素加-es,o前为元音音素加-sradioradios;photophotos;(两人+es)negroes;heroes;(两菜+es)tomatoes;potatoes复合名词将后一个名词变为复数tooth-brushtooth-brushes;egg basketegg baskets两名词都变复数,作定语的名词是man,womanman doctormen doctors;woman teacherwomen teachers特殊名词改变内部元音字母footfeet;toothteeth;manmen;mousemice词尾加-renchildchildren单复数同形ChineseChinese;sheepsheep;deerdeer;JapaneseJapanese本身是复数clothes,people,police情况变化规则例词一般情况直接在词尾加-sbookbooks2考点考点3:名词所有格名词所有格类型构成方法例词有生命的名词(人或动物)在词尾加-sToms book;the girls earring;the dogs ears;the heros name以s,es结尾的复数名词只加-the students desks;the workerstools;the teachersoffice不以(e)s结尾的复数名词加-smens clothes;Childrenns Day;Womens Day;sheeps wool无生命的名词时间、世界、国家、城市等一般在词尾加-sChinas capital;Chengdus industries;the worlds population;todays news其他一般用of结构the door of the room;a map of the world;the legs of the tables;a way of life考点3:名词所有格类型构成方法例词有生命的名词(人或动物)在31.有些名词既是可数名词,又是不可数名词。glass(玻璃)a glass(玻璃杯)paper(纸)a paper(报纸;文件;试卷)room(空间)a room(房间)fish(鱼肉)fishes(鱼类)chicken(鸡肉)chickens(小鸡)life(生活)lives(生命)2.“数词-名词(单)-形容词”复合形容词。five-year-old5岁大的3.以-s结尾的名词,有的作单数使用,有的作复数使用。(1)以-s结尾的学科类名词,一般是不可数名词,如:maths,physics,politics等。(2)表示有部分构成物体的名称,形式上可数名词,若表达具体数目时,要借助数量词pair来表示,其谓语的单复数形式取决于pair的单复数形式,如:a pair of shoes。4.一些集体名词如family,class,team,public,group,crowd等作主语时,若强调整体,谓语动词用单数形式;若强调个体,即每个成员,谓语动词用复数形式。1.有些名词既是可数名词,又是不可数名词。2.“数词-名词(45.双重所有格的用法(1)冠词/数词/不定代词/指示代词+名词+of+(s)。如:a book of my fathers我父亲的一本书(2)of+名词性物主代词。如:a friend of mine我的一个朋友6.当and连接两个并列的单数名词表共有关系时,只在最后一个名词后加s,如果连接的两个分别拥有各自的人或物时,两个名词分别加s。7.“名词+s”表示场所。eg:the doctors医务室5.双重所有格的用法5(二)代词考点考点1:人称代词和物主代词人称代词和物主代词(1)人称代词人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称he,she,ithim,her,ittheythem(2)物主代词种类单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称形容词性myyourhis/her/itsouryourtheir名词性mineyourshis/hers/itsoursyourstheirs【注意注意】人称代词的主格形式作主语,宾格作动词或介词的宾语(汉语为你、我、他、她、它、我们、你们、他/她/它们);形容词性物主代词(的)+名词=名词性的物主代词。(二)代词考点1:人称代词和物主代词(1)人称代词人称单数复6考点考点2:指示代词指示代词单数this这,这个(近指)that那,那个(远指)such这样的人或物same同样的人或物复数these这些those那些【注意注意】打电话时,自称用this,称对方用that。考点考点3:反身代词反身代词数人称单数复数第一人称myselfourselves第二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称himselfthemselvesherselfitself【注意注意】反身代词不能放在名词前作定语,要想表达“某人自己的”,用own作定语,如:我自己的房间my own room;一本她自己的书a book of her own,常与反身代词连用的动词有enjoy dress,hurt,help,teach及介词有by,in,for,of。考点2:指示代词单数this这,that那,suchsame7考点考点4:疑问代词疑问代词疑问代词用法用法举例who对人称代词主格和宾格进行提问Who sits in front of you?whom对人称代词宾格进行提问Whom did he hit yesterday?whose对物主代词进行提问Whose key was lost yesterday?what对具体内容进行提问What do you like?which对指定范围内的“哪个”进行提问I have many CDs.Which one do you like?考点考点5:不定代词不定代词不定代词用法用法举例 some 一些用于肯定句中或表示请求的疑问句中He has some collections.Would you like some tea?any一些;任何一个一般用于疑问句或否定句中,在肯定句中表示“任何一个”You can see any of us.There aren t any buses.both表示“两者都”Tom s parents are both doctors.all表示“三者或三者以上都”All of the stories are very interesting.考点4:疑问代词疑问代词用法用法举例who对人称代词主格和宾8either表示“两者中的任何一个”,作主语时谓语动词用单数Either of the books is interesting.neither表示“两者都不”,作主语时谓语动词用单数Neither of the twins has come yet.no one没人指人,不能接of短语No one would like to go with her.none没有一个表示否定可以指人或物,常接of短语(三者或三者以上)None of them has been to Beijing.each“每一”两者或两者以上强调个体,可作主语、宾语和定语等,可以指人或物,可以与of短语连用,表“每一个”Each of you can trytwice.many许多修饰可数名词复数There are many books on the desk.much许多修饰不可数名词I have much homework to do.few表否定,“几乎没有”的意思,修饰可数名词He has few friendshere.either表示“两者中的任何一个”,作主语时谓语动词用单数9a few表肯定,“有一点”之意,修饰可数名词There are a few apples in the basket.little表否定,“几乎没有”的意思,修饰不可数名词There is little water in the bottle.a little表肯定,“有一点”之意,修饰不可数名词Don t worry.There is a little time left.other泛指其他的,修饰复数名词Do you have any other ideas?theother指“两者中的另一个”I have two books.One is Chinese,the other is English.another指“三者或以上不定数目中另一个”Would you like another cup of tea?others泛指其他的人或物Some went to the park,others visited the museum.theothers特指其余的所有人或物Five students in our class are English,the others are Chinese.a few表肯定,“有一点”之意,修饰可数名词There a10考点考点6:复合不定代词复合不定代词somebodyanybodynobodyeverybodysomeoneanyoneno oneeveryonesomethinganythingnothingeverything(1)复合不定代词+形容词eg:Something interesting.(2)anything/anybody用于否定句/疑问句中,也可用于肯定句中,指“任何事/人”。(3)not everything/everybody指“并非所有的事或人”(部分否定)。(4)not anything/body=nothing/nobody(全部否定)。考点6:复合不定代词somebodyanybodynobod111.在包含双宾语的句子中,如果直接宾语是人称代词it或them时,间接宾语要放在直接宾语的后面。eg:Please pass it to me.请把它递给我。(不能说Please pass me it.)2.名词性物主代词常与介词of连用,构成名词所有格。eg:a friend of mine=one of my friends我的一个朋友3.在打电话的语境中,常习惯用this和that代替I和you。eg:Hello!Is that Mrs.Wang?喂!你是王夫人吗?4.疑问代词who作主语时,即使被问者是复数,其谓语动词也通常用单数形式。eg:Who is coming to my party tonight?今晚谁要来参加我的聚会?Jim,Linda and Tom.杰姆、琳达和汤姆。5.不定代词all和not连用时表示部分否定,要译成“不全部”,不能译成“全部不”、“都不”;表示全部否定要用none。eg:Not all the balls are round.并不是所有的球都是圆形的。None of the bread is fresh.这些面包都不新鲜。1.在包含双宾语的句子中,如果直接宾语是人称代词it或the126.one与it为了避免同一名词在句中的重复使用,常用one或it来代替前面提到的某个单数名词。其区别为:one所代替的是前面提到的同类事物,但不是同一事物;it所代替的是前面提到的那个事物。【拓展】it还有以下用法a.指代婴儿或身份不明确的人。如:Who is standing over there?It must be John.b.表示时间、天气或距离。如:Its six oclock now.Its sunny today.Its 10 kilometers from my home to school.c.用作形式主语,常用于以下句型:Its time for sb.to do sth.Its+adj.+for sb.to do sth.Its ones turn to do sth.Its+adj.+that从句。It seems+that从句。如:Its time for you to get up.d.用作形式宾语。如:I think it no good going there now.The headmaster has made it clear(that the school meeting will not be put off).6.one与it137.some和any(1)some/something/somebody用于肯定句,可以用于表示请求、邀请、征求意见的疑问句中。eg:Would you like something to eat?你想吃点什么吗?(2)any可以用于条件句中的肯定形式中,也可用于肯定句中表“任何一个”(anything,anybody也一样)。eg:You can ask me if you have any questions.如果你有问题可以问我。7.some和any14专题二冠词和数词(一)冠词考点考点1:不用冠词的情况不用冠词的情况用法用法举例在专有名词或不可数名词前China is a great country.Wine is made from grapes.名词前有指示代词、物主代词或不定代词作定语Go along this road.Every student likes chatting.复数名词表示一类人或事物时My parents are drivers.在节日、年份、日期、月份、季节前Today is Womens Day.Its hot in summer.在一日三餐、球类运动、棋类运动、学科的名词前He went to school without breakfast.Lets play chess/football after school.在某些固定短语中in bed,in hospital,on foot,at school,at work专题二冠词和数词(一)冠词考点1:不用冠词的情况用法用法举15考点考点2:不定冠词不定冠词a(an)用法例句a用在辅音音素前,an用在元音音素前This is a useful book.He is an honest boy.注意:第一个例句中“u”发ju:;第二个例句中“h”不发音,“o”发元音用于第一次提到的人或物、可数的单数名词前,表示“一个”,相当于oneHere is a map of Japan.I have a good mother.用在可数的、单数形式的普通名词前,表示价格、速度、时间、频率等度量上的“每一”An apple a day keeps the doctor away.We take P.E.lessons twice a week.抽象名词在某些情况下可以与不定冠词连用,表示“一种、一场”等Its fun to have a chat with you.用在单数名词前,表示一类人或物中的任何一个The sun is a star.A knife is used for cutting.用在序数词前表示“又一、再一”的意思He copied the new words a third time.用于固定短语中have a look,a lot of,have a good time,a little,a few考点2:不定冠词a(an)用法例句a用在辅音音素前,an用在16考点考点3:定冠词定冠词the用法例句用于谈话双方都清楚的名词前,表示特指Tom,come into the classroom please.用于再次被提到的名词前There is a book on the desk.The book is mine.和一些名词连用,表示类别The light bulb was invented by Edison.用于被形容词、介词短语或定语从句修饰的名词前I know the man on the bike.用于形容词的最高级或序数词前Tom is the tallest in our class.用在世界上独一无二的事物或乐器前the sun,the moon,play the piano用于姓氏的复数前表示“一家人”或“夫妇”The Turners are at breakfast table.(谓语动词用复数形式)与某些形容词连用表示一类人或事物The young should help the old.用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前the Great Wall,the United States,the Spring Festival用于一些固定短语中by the way,in the end考点3:定冠词the用法例句用于谈话双方都清楚的名词前,表示171.当序数词和最高级前有形容词性物主代词时,不用the。eg:my first/best time 我的第一次/我最好的时光2.某些短语中有无冠词the,意义会大不相同。(1)go to school 去上学;go to the school 到(所指的)学校去(2)at table 用餐;在吃饭;at the table 在桌边中考英语总复习-语法专题人教版课件18(二)数词考点考点1:基数词基数词基数词+名词(复数);也可用于名词之后,名词及数词第一个字母大写(相当于序数词+名词);表示年代、时间等。基数词的构成:范围特点例词1319以-teen结尾thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen2090之间的整十数以-ty结尾twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,sixty,seventy,eighty,ninety2199之间的两位数(整十数除外)十位与个位之间要加连字符“-”twenty-five,thirty-six,forty-two,sixty-eight,seventy-two,eighty-one,ninety-nine(二)数词考点1:基数词基数词+名词(复数);也可用于名词之19考点考点2:序数词构成序数词构成【注意注意】序数词前一般要有the或形容词性物主代词。范围特点例词119各基数词尾以-th结尾(第一至第三除外)first,second,third,fourth,fifth,sixth,seventh,eighth,ninth,tenth,eleventh,twelfth,thirteenth,fourteenth,fifteenth2090之间的整十数把基数词后面的y变ie后再加-thtwentieth,fortieth,ninetieth21以后的多位数个位数用序数词,其余用基数词21sttwenty-first,110thone hundred and tenth考点考点3:数词常见用法数词常见用法(编号编号;年代年代;年、月、日年、月、日;分数分数;小时及分钟小时及分钟)【注意】“分数+名词”短语作主语时,谓语动词的数由名词的数来决定。其中分数中的分子用基数词表示,分母用序数词表示,当分子大于1时,序数词后加“s”。eg:two thirds三分之二考点2:序数词构成【注意】序数词前一般要有the或形容词性物201.表达年代时,年份的阿拉伯数字后加-s或-s表示。eg:1730s/1730sthe seventeen thirties 十八世纪三十年代2.hundred,thousand,million,billion 等用在具体的数字后面时不能加-s或of;hundred,thousand,million,billion等前面没有具体的数字时通常加-s,加of。3.表达年、月、日时,年用基数词,日用序数词。eg:July 5th,19891989年7月5日(读为July the fifth,nineteen,eighty-nine)4.表达“百分之几”时,用基数词+percent,注意percent始终用单数形式。eg:thirty percent百分之三十1.表达年代时,年份的阿拉伯数字后加-s或-s表示。21专题三形容词和副词考点考点1:规则形容词和副词的比较级和最高级规则形容词和副词的比较级和最高级构成方法原级比较级最高级一般单音节词末尾加-er,-estsmallfastquicksmallerfasterquickersmallestfastestquickest以不发音的e结尾的单音节词加-r,-stnicefinenicerfinernicestfinest以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节单词,先把y变为i,再加-er,-estlonelyhappylonelierhappierloneliesthappiest以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节的单词,双写末尾的字母再加-er,-esthotbigthinhotterbiggerthinnerhottestbiggestthinnest部分双音节词或多音节词在原级前加more,mostinterestingtiredmore interestingmore tiredmost interestingmost tired专题三形容词和副词考点1:规则形容词和副词的比较级和最高级22考点考点2:不规则变化的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级不规则变化的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/ill/badlyworseworstlittlelessleastmany/muchmoremostfarFartherfarthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldestlatelaterlatest考点2:不规则变化的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级原级比较级最23考点考点3:形容词、副词比较级和最高级的用法形容词、副词比较级和最高级的用法句型意义例句as+形容词/副词原级+as“和一样”Tom is as good a person as his uncle.汤姆和他叔叔一样是个好人。not as(so)+形容词/副词原级+as两者相比,一方不及另一方I didn t do my homework as quickly as you.我做作业不如你快。形容词(副词)比较级+than两者进行比较The sun is bigger than the earth.太阳比地球大。比较级+and+比较级“越来越”,多音节的用more and more+形容词或副词原级She is growing taller and taller.她越来越高了。Our school is becoming more and more beautiful.我们的学校越来越美了。the+比较级,the+比较级“越,越”The older the old man is,the happier he feels.那位老人年龄越大,他感到越幸福。形容词/副词最高级+介词(in,of,among)短语(三者或三者以上)“最的”He is the busiest boy in our class.他是我们班里最忙的男孩。He jumps the highest of the three.他是他们三个中跳得最高的。考点3:形容词、副词比较级和最高级的用法句型意义例句as+形241.有些形容词只能作表语。eg:alone(孤独的),asleep(睡着的),awake(醒着的),alive(活着的),well(健康的),ill(病的)等。2.有些形容词与定冠词the连用,表示一类人或物。eg:We should respect the old and love the young.我们应该尊老爱幼。3.“A+谓语动词+the+比较级+of the two+”,表示“两者中较的”。eg:Liu Lei is the taller one of the two brothers.刘磊是他兄弟俩中较高的一个。4.“A+谓语动词+one of the+最高级+复数名词+in/of短语”表示“是最的之一”。eg:Mr.Fang is one of the most popular teachers in our school.方老师是我们学校最受欢迎的老师之一。The Yangtze River is one of the longest rivers in the world.长江是世界上最长的河流之一。5.“A+谓语动词+the+序数词+最高级+in/of短语”表示“A是第最的”。eg:Tom is the third tallest boy in our class.汤姆是我们班第三个高个的男生。6.形容词修饰不定代词something,anything,nothing,everything等时,作后置定语。eg:Is there anything important in today s newspaper?今天的报纸上有什么重要的消息吗?7.形容词或副词比较级前可用much,a little,a lot,even修饰,使原来的比较级在语意上更明确。eg:Chickens are much smaller than cows.小鸡比奶牛小得多。1.有些形容词只能作表语。258.“A+谓语动词+分数/百分数/倍数/+as+原级+as+B”表示“A是B的几分之几/百分之几/几倍”eg:Our school is twice as big as yours.我们学校是你们学校的两倍大。9.“A+v.+比较级+than+any other+单数名词(+介词短语)”表示“A比同一范围内的任何一个人/物都”,含义是“A最”。如:Xiaoming is taller than any other boy in his class.=Xiaoming is the tallest boy in his class.小明是他班上最高的男孩。【提示提示】如果名词不在同一范围之内,则去掉other。eg:Shanghai is bigger than any city in Japan.上海比日本任何一个城市都大。10.enough+n.;adj./adv./n.+enough11.-ing形容词主要修饰物,而-ed形容词主要修饰人。eg:I have an interesting book.He is interested in science.12.形容词变副词通常是直接在形容词的词尾加后缀ly,但有时要去e加ly,有时直接将e变为y,有时要变y为i再加ly。eg:slow-slowly;easy-easily;true-truly。8.“A+谓语动词+分数/百分数/倍数/+as+原级+as+26专题四介词和介词短语介词分为简单介词和短语介词两种。简单介词即单个介词,如:in,under,on,for,after等。短语介词指多个单词构成的介词,如:in front of,instead of,far from等。有些单词,既可以作介词,也可以作连词(作连词时,其后接句子),如:after,before等。而有些单词,既可以作介词,也可以作副词,如above,below等。考点考点1:方位介词方位介词含义用法举例at在某处at the station 在车站in在里(相接)in the park 在公园里on在上(相接)on the table 在桌子上by靠近;在旁边by the window 在窗户旁边inside在里面inside the room 在房间里边专题四介词和介词短语介词分为简单介词和短语介词两种。简单介27outside在外面outside the room 在房间外边beside在旁边beside the table 在桌子旁next to紧邻;在近旁next to me 挨着我behind在的后边behind the tree 在树后below在下面(低于,不在直下方)below the clouds 在云层下in front of在前面in front of the house 在房前under在下面(直下方)under the table 在桌子下面over在上面(直上方,不相接)over the bridge 在桥上面above在(或向)上面above the clouds 在云层以上beyond在(或向)较远的一边beyond the village 在村子那边near在附近;靠近near my house 在我家附近outside在外面outside the room b28考点考点2:时间介词时间介词含义用法举例at在某时间或某时刻at 10:00 在10点;at noon 在中午in在时间段in the morning 在早上;in 2011在2011年;in summer 在夏天在某段时间之内It s hard for us to finish the work in ten minutes.对我们来说在10分钟内完成这项工作很难。在某段时间之后The train will leave in ten minutes.火车将在10分钟后离开。on在某一天/某天的上午、下午或晚上on Sunday morning 在周日早上(上午);on a winter morning 在一个冬天的早上by截止到by 10:00截止到10点;by the end of last year 截止到去年年底since从以来since 8:00 从8点以后;since ten years ago 10年来until直到为止notuntil(直到才)He lived here until last year.直到去年为止他住在这儿。He didn t have dinner until 10:00.直到10点他才吃饭。during在期间He didn t say anything during the party.在聚会期间,他什么都没有说。for表示一段时间I haven t seen her for ten years.我已经10年没有见她了。from to 从到He had ten lessons from 8:00 to 18:00 yesterday.昨天从8点到18点,他上了10节课。before在之前Nobody left before 10:00.10点前没有人离开。after在之后They went to bed after 11:00.11点后他们去睡了。考点2:时间介词含义用法举例at在某时间或某时刻at 10:29考点考点3:范围介词范围介词含义用法举例in在里边in our class 在我们班between在(两者)之间between us 在我们之间among在(三者或三者以上)中间among students在学生当中besides除之外(还有)Tom,Lily besides David 除戴维之外还有汤姆、莉莉except除之外(没有)all the students except me 除我之外的所有学生including包括all the students including me 包括我在内的所有学生考点3:范围介词含义用法举例in在里边in ou30考点考点4:动态介词动态介词含义用法举例across(从表面)横过与on有关run across the street 跑过大街through(从内部)穿过与in有关walk through the forest 走过森林past(从旁边)经过walk past me 从我旁边走过into(从外部)进入run into the room 跑进房间out of(从内部)出来walk out of the office从办公室走出来towards朝着move towards the city 向城市移动to向;朝;往;对着(某方向或某处)go to Paris 去巴黎over(从上空)跨越jump over the wall 跳过围墙考点4:动态介词含义用法举例across(从表面)横过run31【助记图片助记图片】【助记图片】32考点考点5:方式介词方式介词含义用法举例by以交通方式travel by bus/by train 乘公交车/火车出行以方式(动作)study by reading 通过读来学习on乘坐travel on a bus 乘公交车出行通过study on the radio/air 通过广播学习In以方式behave in a polite way 表现得很有礼貌;in this way 用这种方法穿着;戴着in blue 穿蓝色的衣服乘坐travel in a train/car 乘火车/开小汽车出行用语言;材料in English用英语with用工具please press the cut with your hand请用你的手按住伤口考点5:方式介词含义用法举例by以交通方式travel 33考点考点6:介词短语介词短语介词+名词by bike骑自行车;in half分成两半;at home在家里;at school在学校;at noon在中午;at night在晚上;at work在工作;at sea在海上;at the same time同时;at times有时;at breakfast早餐时;at the moment 在此刻;by bus乘公共汽车;by the way顺便说;by the time 到时候;by mistake 错误地,误把当成;in hospital 住院;in the hospital 在医院;in the end 最后;in order to 以便;in the daytime 在白天;in fact实际上;by accident意外地;in silence无声;in total总共介词+名词in time 及时;in English 用英语;in the future在将来;in fact 事实上;from now on 从现在起;on the way 在路上;on Sunday 在星期天;on the other hand 另一方面;in trouble 处于困境中;on foot 步行;on business 出差;on holiday 在休假;on the telephone 在接(打)电话;on time 准时;on the left/right 在左边/右边;in danger 在危险中;with one s help 在某人的帮助下;in public在公共场合;in order to为了;in one s opinion依看;take care of照顾;to one s surprise使某人吃惊be+形容词+介词be surprised at 对感到惊讶;be angry with 生(某人)的气;be afraid of 害怕;be busy with 忙于;be good at 擅长于;be full of 充满;be excited about 对感到兴奋;be kind to 对和善;be interested in 对感兴趣;be far from 离远;be famous for 因而著名;be late for 迟到;be different from 和不同;be proud of 对感到骄傲;be ready for 为准备好;be strict with 对某人严格要求;be worried about 为担心;be good with善于应付;be able to能够;be ready to准备做某事;be responsible for 对负责任;be thirsty for渴望考点6:介词短语介词by bike骑自行车;in half分34动词+介词agree with 同意;ask for 请求;begin with 以开始;come from 出生,来自;get on/off 上车/下车;fill with 用装;fall off 从落下;depend on 由决定;hear from 收到(某人)的信;look at 看;go to bed 去睡觉;go to school 上学;look for 寻找;look after 照顾;come up with 想出;listen to 听讲话;pay for 付钱;talk about 谈论;think about 考虑;wait for 等候;write to 给写信;worry about 担心;care for关心;think of想出;deal with处理;look at看着介词+名词+介词on the top of 在顶端;in the middle of 在中间;in the east of 在东部;at the beginning of 起初;by the end of 到为止;at the age of 在岁时;in the face of面对其他because of 因为,由于;thanks to 多亏了,由于;pay attention to 注意;look forward to 期待;get into trouble 招致不幸,陷入困境;instead of 代替;up to到达(某数量或程度);to be honest说实在的动词agree with 同意;ask for 请求;beg351.表示位置时,in表示某一小地点在另一大地点之内;on表示两个地点相互接壤;to则表示两个地点互不接壤,并有一定的距离。2.“在太阳下”用in the sun,类似:in the rain“在雨中”“在某人的帮助下”用with one s help或with the help of sb.。eg:Don t walk in the rain.别在雨中行走。3.在this,that,these,next,last,yesterday,tomorrow等组成的时间状语前不用介词。eg:We are in Grade Three this year.今年我们上三年级。1.表示位置时,in表示某一小地点在另一大地点之内;on表示36专题五连词考点考点1:并列连词并列连词1.连接并列对等的词或结构含义用法举例and和;又;及He is dancing and singing.but但是;可是表转折He is poor,but healthy.or或者,表选择(否定,疑问)Would you like some tea or coffee?so因此;所以表结果He was ill,so he couldn t go to school yesterday.bothand两者都Both he and she are wrong.not onlybut also不但而且Not only I but also everyone here likes playing games.either or或者或者Either he or I am leaving.neither nor既不也不Neither the twins nor Li Lei has been to Shanghai.not but不是而是He will come not today but tomorrow.专题五连词考点1:并列连词1.连接并列对等的词或结构含义372.连接两个并列分句连接两个并列分句含义用法举例and那么;就Study hard,and we can make progress.努力学习,我们就能进步。or否则Hurry up,or we ll be late.快点儿,否则我们要迟到了。but但是(不与though连用)He went there,but he met nobody.他去了那儿,但没见到任何人。so因此(不能与because,as等连用)He is busy,so he can t come.他很忙,因此他不能来。for因为(不与so连用)She can t come,for she is ill.她不能来,因为她病了。2.连接两个并列分句含义用法举例and那么;就Study h38考点考点2:从属连词从属连词(状语从句状语从句)表示时间when当时;在期间The students were making noise when the teacher came in.while当时;在期间(多引导进行时态从句)I was doing my homework while my mother was cooking.after在之后I ll go to bed after I finish my homework.before在之前Please turn off the light before you leave the room.till,until直到为止I ll wait till(until)my mother comes.直到才She won t get home till(until)it gets dark.as soon as一就I ll call you as soon as I get there.since自从He has worked here since 1998.表示条件if(引导状语从句)如果(主将从现)We ll go for a picnic if it doesn t rain.unless除非;如果不=ifnotThey will have a picnic unless it rains next Sunday.考点2:从属连词(状语从句)表示时间when当时;在39表示原因because因为He didn t come because he was ill.since既然Since we have got ready for it,let s set off.as因为As you can see,Lucy doesn t like studying at all.表示目的 so that以便He got up early so that he could get there in time.in order that为了He works harder in order that he can go to a good high school.表结果so+adj./adv.+that如此以致The boy is so heavy that we can t carry him.such+n.+that如此以致He is such a heavy boy that nobody can move him away.表示原因because因为He didnt come b40表让步though或although虽然(不与but连用)He would be happy though he should have to live alone.He often helps others although he is not rich.表示比较as像一样Do as you like.asas和一样He ran as fast as Mike.not asas不及It isn t as easy as you think.than比She jumped higher than Rose.考点考点3:引导宾语从句的从属连词引导宾语从句的从属连词用法举例that(陈述事实)Do you know that Jay Chou will come to my city?你知道周杰伦要来我市吗?表让步though虽然He would be happy t41专题六动词和动词短语动词是表示人或事物动作和状态的词。按照其语法功能,动词分为行为动词、连系动词、助动词及情态动词四类。考点考点1:动词的种类动词的种类1.行为动词2.连系动词:be,look,sound,smell,feel,taste,seem,get,become,stay,keep,turn,go3.助动词:be,have,do,shall,will,should,would(不同时态助动词不同)4.情态动词:may,can,must考点考点2:助动词助动词时态助动词谓语动词结构一般现在时do(单数为does)do(does)一般过去时diddid一般将来时willwill+do现在进行时beare(am,is)+doing过去进行时were(单数时用was)were(was)+doing现在完成时have(单数时用has)have(has)+done专题六动词和动词短语动词是表示人或事物动作和状态的词。按照42考点考点3:情态动词情态动词情态动词意义及用法用法举例may表示请求许可,意思是“可以;可能”,其一般疑问句的否定回答为mustn tMay I go out and play football?No,you mustn t.表推测,意思是“可能”Mr.Li may be at home.should意为“应该”表示责任或义务You should go to see a doctor.can(could)表示能力,意思是“能;会”,否定式为can t,couldn tMike can speak a little Chinese.I could ride the bike when I was 6 years old.用在疑问句中,表示征求意见,could比can的语气更委婉、客气Could you tell me something about your school?表推测,常用在否定句和疑问句中He can t be at home.He has gone to Japan.can用于一般现在时及一般过去时两种时态,be able to可以用于各种时态He can spell these words.He has been able to draw pictures already.考点3:情态动词情态意义及用法用法举例may表示请求许可,意43must表示义务、命令或要求,意思是“必须;应该”,否定形式为mustn t,意思是“不应该;不允许”,表示警告You must be careful next time.You mustn t take photos here.表示推测,意为“一定”He must be in the room.表示说话人的主观看法I must go home now.must引导的一般疑问句,肯定回答时用must,have to;否定回答时用nee