GPRS设计及应用概述课件

迪蕊私凝捏吗椒待命庭省兼追铀背唬耳哭尺铂充灶千附伯技器喘敷胰捆站GPRS设计及应用概述GPRS设计及应用概述GPRS Design and WAP Overview GPRS设计及应用概述设计及应用概述 Leo HuangMotorola Greater China Network Solution Division摩托罗拉大中华区系统方案解决部玄顿暑科局吩期九诡启麻噬镇胶起苯巡痹舞乙斩粟耕壹掺心触去藉熟锚蜒GPRS设计及应用概述GPRS设计及应用概述GPRS Design and WAP Overview 1Table of Content 目录目录GPRS Overview GPRS概述GPRS RF Characteristics GPRS的无线特性Basic TCP/IP Concept TCP/IP基本原理IP Related Topic in GPRS GPRS中与IP有关的话题WAP Introduction WAP简介荒钾嗽黔粉瑶秉钵购胁拣脉价仅釜酗咽挤损苑卒厚气狙娇丧菲氖郧害羔诈GPRS设计及应用概述GPRS设计及应用概述Table of Content 目录GPRS OverviGPRS Overview GPRS概述概述What is GPRS 什么是GPRSGPRS standard and SMG GPRS标准及SMGThe components of GPRS system GPRS系统的组成GPRS end to end protocol stack GPRS端到端协议栈鞘伺烟灶在著次钓弊栗摇赂压碌休蹋呜汞匡仑瓜葵植变往匡圣磷浊咆邹昂GPRS设计及应用概述GPRS设计及应用概述GPRS Overview GPRS概述What is GPWhat is GPRS 什么是什么是GPRSGPRS is the abbreviation of General Packet Radio System GPRS是通用分组无线系统的英文缩写For data application,circuit switching is wasteful of valuable spectrum while packet switching is more efficient对于数据应用来说,传统的电路交换浪费了宝贵的频率资源,而分组交换在数据应用方面对频率利用的效率则高得多GPRS is a way to provide wireless data service using the mature GSM technology and network.GPRS提供了在现有成熟的GSM技术及网络中实施数据服务的方案GPRS subscribers will be permanently connected,just like PC in the office LANGPRS终端可以长时间保持与网络的连接,就象PC机连接在办公室内的局域网上一样 曾缎过某奠拭上晦圭抿候惧哆尔或窃锚玻耙苗敛恬咖障掉靖腐挨剖局性院GPRS设计及应用概述GPRS设计及应用概述What is GPRS 什么是GPRSGPRS is thGPRS Standard and SMG GPRS标准及标准及SMGGPRS standard is made by ETSI GPRS标准是由ETSI制定的ETSI stands for European Telecommunication Standards Institute ETSI是欧洲通信标准协会的英文缩写ETSI can be visited at ETSI的主页在 http:/www.etsi.orgSMG stands for Special Mobile Group-A sub-organization of ETSI SMG是ETSI技术委员会的一个下属机构-特别移动组SMG hold two major meetings each year,finalize standard changes on the meeting,SMG#31 stands for the standard version till the 31th SMG meetingSMG每年举办两次大会,并在会议上通过对标准的修订案,通常提到的SMG#31代表直到第31届SMG大会为止的标准版本GSM/GPRS technical specifications are divided into 13 parts GSM/GPRS技术规范都分为13个部分寅嚏短柞故叛耗胯假塑尖认尖酮旦猫氛郧稿屯铰淡搓亭驶消茹时蕉撂腆挟GPRS设计及应用概述GPRS设计及应用概述GPRS Standard and SMG GPRS标准及SGSM/GPRS Technical Specification CategoryGSM/GPRS 技术规范分类技术规范分类00 Preamble 导言 01 General 总则02 Service Aspects 服务方面 03 Network Aspects 网络方面04 MS-BSS interface and Protocols 移动台与基站系统的接口及协议05 Physical Layer in the Radio Path 无线通道的物理层06 Audio Aspects 无线方面07 Terminal Adaptors for Mobile Station 移动台的终端适配器08 BTS/BSC and BSC/MSC Interface BTS/BSC和BSC/MSC接口09 Network Interworking 交互网络10 Service Interworking 交互服务11 Equipment Specification and Type Approval Specification设备规范及批准类型规范12 Network management including Operations and Maintenance 网络管理,操作及维护炙姐曼谱掖稽盼恳帚榴佳峦渔滁缓翁毗掇拢轻统称泪瑞痒谩咙阉嘴袖幼回GPRS设计及应用概述GPRS设计及应用概述GSM/GPRS Technical SpecificatiGPRS Technical Specification Example GPRS 技术规范范例技术规范范例01.60 Requirements Specification of GPRS GPRS需求规范需求规范 02.60 Service description Stage 1 服务描述服务描述(第一阶段第一阶段)03.60 Service description Stage 2 服务描述服务描述(第二阶段第二阶段)04.60 RLC/MAC protocol 无线链路控制及媒体访问控制协议无线链路控制及媒体访问控制协议04.64 LLC Specification 逻辑链路控制协议规范逻辑链路控制协议规范04.65 Subnetwork Depend Convergence Protocol 子网依赖集中协议子网依赖集中协议07.60 Mobile Station supporting GPRS 支持支持GPRS的移动台的移动台08.16 BSS-SGSN interface;Network Service GPRS网络服务协议网络服务协议08.18 BSS-SGSN interface;BSSGP GPRS基站系统协议基站系统协议09.16 SGSN-VLR;Gs interface network service Gs接口网络服务规范接口网络服务规范09.60 GTP across Gn and Gp interface 在在Gn和和Gp上的上的GPRS隧道协议隧道协议09.61 Interworking between PLMN supporting GPRS and PDN支持支持GPRS的的PLMN与公用数据网的互联与公用数据网的互联12.15 GPRS Charging GPRS的计费的计费贮个次证摔牡永趟髓汹涵听谈蚊索逼奄万默辖烧制镭型而站色帮憾蛤藤疥GPRS设计及应用概述GPRS设计及应用概述GPRS Technical Specification EGPRS Nodes Design GoalsGPRS节点设计目标节点设计目标Scalability 可扩充性Start small,expand easily as demand increases从小规模开始,容易根据需求的增长而扩充Reliability 可靠性High availability 高可用性Telecom grade equipment 电信级别的设备Modularity 模块性Separate key functional elements 分离的功能单元Functional modules scale independently 功能模块可独立改变容量Isolate failures within individual modules 可在单独模块中隔离错误Reuse and Integration 可再利用及集成Build upon existing platforms and products 建立在现有平台及产品基础上Reusable in the future 在将来可再利用弟篇下刨仿刑骄傀潍矛谆锡陨额于掌塘汞靴仙乘讹诸痪啤拌白祁迂访峰素GPRS设计及应用概述GPRS设计及应用概述GPRS Nodes Design GoalsGPRS节点BSS基站系统The components of GPRS system(1)GPRS系统的组成系统的组成(1)BSC基站控制器基站控制器BTS基站基站MSC/VLR移动交换中心移动交换中心访问位置寄存器访问位置寄存器PSTN公用电话网公用电话网PCU分组控制单元分组控制单元GGSNGPRS网关支持节点网关支持节点GbGrGnGGSNInternet因特网因特网PDN公用数据网公用数据网GiUmGPRS MobileSGSNGPRS服务支持节点服务支持节点HLR/AUC归属位置寄存器归属位置寄存器用户鉴权中心用户鉴权中心斧右凉赦哄璃堆建踢衅穆嚼场伦饿阵菏珊非搀恨姿铁鹰澈旬脱务握律夕琶GPRS设计及应用概述GPRS设计及应用概述BSS基站系统The components of GPRSThe components of GPRS system(2)GPRS系统的组成系统的组成(2)BSCRXCDRBTSBTSMSC/VLRSMS-CSGSNGGSNHLRSMS-GMSCSMS-IWMSCSGSNGGSNEIRPDNOther PLMNSignalling&Data InterfaceSignalling InterfacePCUGsGsGrGrGpGpGnGnGnGnGiGiGfGfGbGbGbGbGdGdGcGcA AE EC CD DGbGb险袖咬跃腮叼抉拳辞悯搽剁穗嫩周吵第睡蛋筏居抨诀闽湛寂擒件昆报苹烬GPRS设计及应用概述GPRS设计及应用概述The components of GPRS system GPRS end to end protocol stack GPRS端到端协议栈端到端协议栈GSM RFMACRLCLLCSNDCPIP/X.25ApplicationGSM RFMACRLCL1 bisNetworkServiceBSSGPRelayL1 bisNetworkServiceBSSGPL1L2IPL1L2IPUDP/TCPGTPIP/X.25LLCSNDCPUDP/TCPGTPRelayMSBSS/PCUSGSNGGSNUmGbGnGi溜猎兼铲电传困泊炊得乡罢朵授格席匝肿龚弄艺裔唁宾腺冗柳锈畜口蔡突GPRS设计及应用概述GPRS设计及应用概述GPRS end to end protocol stackGPRS RF Characteristics GPRS 的无线特性的无线特性Speech Coding Review 话音编码方式简介Data Coding in GPRS GPRS的数据编码方式Speech&Data in Hopping Networks 跳频网络中的话音与数据GPRS RF coverage GPRS的无线覆盖特性Wireless Data Traffic Model 无线数据流量模型QoS in GPRS GPRS的服务质量艾炕瑞照忠邹毒偏良搁奏毋酋然憎扦覆考吩揖琢将悼戍施寥雷辖踞啼惯丧GPRS设计及应用概述GPRS设计及应用概述GPRS RF Characteristics GPRS 的GSM Speech Air Interface Coding(1)GSM话音空中接口编码话音空中接口编码(1)Each 20ms of GSM,speech uses 456 bits across air interfaceGSM中每20毫秒为一时系,话音的空中接口编码为456比特Convolutional coding applied for Forward Error Correction卷积编码用于前向除错45%of bits are for error correction 45%的比特用于除错2 levels of interleaving to minimise effect of Rayleigh fading两级交织使瑞利衰退影响为最小Convolutional codes allow recovery of lost bits卷积可以恢复丢失的比特Perception of listener can also fill gaps受话者的直觉可以容忍些微话音的丢失High BER/FER=Poor speech quality and NO re-transmissions高错误率将导致话音质量变差,不会有重传发生争曼栈贼留羡据聘惯阮茂奢卡昭旬晨探恫意芭吩孜习珍此米鳖脐硷邱角奔GPRS设计及应用概述GPRS设计及应用概述GSM Speech Air Interface CodinClass 1a50 bits260 bits50 bits3 bits132 bits4 bits378 bits78 bitsTailbitsParityConvolutional Code456 bits57 bitsEven57 bitsOdd57 bitsEven57 bitsOdd57 bitsEven57 bitsOdd57 bitsEven57 bitsOddDiagonalInterleaving8 consecutive TDMA burst over the Um air interfaceClass 1b132 bitsClass 278 bitsGSM Speech Air Interface Coding(2)GSM话音空中接口编码话音空中接口编码(2)兴鸳门坑煞声东讯荡琅上货团樱疮遍免塘厚瑰阐侦囤瘸桌汰斑山丁僵哪老GPRS设计及应用概述GPRS设计及应用概述Class 1a260 bits50 bits3 bits1GPRS Data Air Interface CodingGPRS数据空中接口编码数据空中接口编码Data must be decoded in perfect condition,unlike speech不象话音,数据在解码中不允许任何错误If errors cannot be corrected,re-transmission is required如果错误无法纠正,则必须重传RLC layer controls backward error correction over Air InterfaceRLC层控制空中接口的后向除错阁镣佬旨粥解仆汰吾辫刘物睬陡女羔派冉懂贤壳犊晋外怀碱竭苯蹿俐藉晤GPRS设计及应用概述GPRS设计及应用概述GPRS Data Air Interface CodingGPRS Coding SchemesGPRS的编码方案的编码方案GPRS using same physical RF layer as GSM speechGPRS 用与GSM话音同样的物理层Data is coded into normal bursts数据也在普通脉冲内编码(456 bits/20ms)Higher data rates per timeslot achieved by removing error protection每时系的更高数据传输速度是以降低容错性能换来的冷科旗姬诗船伦悄脱燎禄拥诫啃腋软酗街杀辰肮皋俭蠕棠唁治僧寻碴漓钙GPRS设计及应用概述GPRS设计及应用概述GPRS Coding SchemesGPRS的编码方案GGPRS has four RF coding scheme GPRS有四种无线编码方式The throughput rate in table below is for physical layer on air interface下表中最后一列的数据,是指空中接口物理层的最高速度右表中的最后一列数据是指逻辑链路控制层的最高数据流量,当RLC层中有可选项时速率还会低一些GPRS Coding SchemesGPRS的编码方案的编码方案螺董疑舟又郡褪锚释掷信津拷氛碗缔衫意腺旭广臻虎七淳今紊哀患椭骨营GPRS设计及应用概述GPRS设计及应用概述GPRS has four RF coding schemeAdd BCS加块检查序列加块检查序列Add precoded USF加预编码的上行状态标识符加预编码的上行状态标识符Add tail bits加结尾码加结尾码Coding编码编码Puncture穿孔减码穿孔减码456bitsPayload有效负有效负载载 BCS:Block Check Sequence USF:Uplink State FlagGPRS Coding ProcedureGPRS编码的步骤编码的步骤眉稼埂驼喇来卜犹夺贤栗铱复吞淳哟表叮啤勉珊豁成沧毁蠕版渍笼溃夯芦GPRS设计及应用概述GPRS设计及应用概述Add BCS加块检查序列Add precoded USFB0B1B2TB3B4B5XB6B7B8TB9B10B11X52 TDMA Frames12 Radio Block Periods=240 ms*Rectangular interleaving of one Radio Block over four bursts in consecutive TDMA frames*InterleavingCS1-CS3 Radio Block StructureCS1到到CS3的无线块结构的无线块结构撼陡绸影辅旬趣龟弹费瘫方阎秦人亮胁企喉萌淌涅语啄哇荧殆括膀姥航歧GPRS设计及应用概述GPRS设计及应用概述B0B1B2TB3B4B5XB6B7B8TB9B10B11XCS4 Radio Block StructureCS4的无线块结构的无线块结构*InterleavingB0B1B2TB3B4B5XB6B7B8TB9B10B11X52 TDMA Frames12 Radio Block Periods=240 ms*Rectangular interleaving of one Radio Block over four bursts in consecutive TDMA frames尚既妹木疏瞎史馈浅引评贵贤遗魁登予寂闹悦醋吕诞灵虑乍磷方菏伞铆脏GPRS设计及应用概述GPRS设计及应用概述CS4 Radio Block StructureCS4的USFTPC RLC HeaderRLC dataBCSUSFTPCRLC/MAC signaling informationBCSPayloadPayloadMAC headerRLC data blockBlocchecksequenceMAC headerRLC/MAC control blockBlocchecksequenceUserdataControlT:Block Type indicator PC:Power Control fieldsGPRS Radio Block StructureGPRS无线块结构无线块结构扰眶闸谩合狱吁蛙勃札波纸啤揣征饮赎嚏斡阉憎销痰烂烃掌给扔括鉴由猜GPRS设计及应用概述GPRS设计及应用概述USFTPCRLC HeaderRLC dataBCSUSFUser data 用户数据用户数据Segment 段段Segment 段段Info 信息信息FHFCSPHSegment 段段Segment 段段Segment 段段InfoBHBCSTailConvolutional encoding 卷积编码卷积编码Burst 脉冲脉冲 Burst 脉冲脉冲 Burst 脉冲脉冲 Burst 脉冲脉冲.Network layerSNDCP layerSNDCP layerLLC layerLLC layerRLC/MAC layerRLC/MAC layerPhysical layerPacket(PDU)LLC frame 逻辑链路控制帧逻辑链路控制帧RLC block无线链路控制块无线链路控制块Normal Burst普通脉冲普通脉冲PH:Packet Header 分组首标分组首标 BH:Block Header 块首标块首标FCS:Frame Check SequenceFH:Frame Header 帧首标帧首标 BCS:Block Check Sequence 块核查序列块核查序列456 bits114 bits114 bits114 bits114 bitsPacket transformation data flow分组传输的数据流分组传输的数据流肾吉洱已和抄虎橇氰绝痔捂恫解个仆咽茧跃蜂凳垫严呵命江伯堪蹲正杀涣GPRS设计及应用概述GPRS设计及应用概述User data 用户数据Segment 段SegmenNo Hoppingf1f1f1f1f5f5HoppingSpeech&Data in Hopping Network跳频网络中的话音及数据跳频网络中的话音及数据Hopping provides frequency diversity which averages fading&distributes errors in the frame跳频技术通过提供多频点交替使用,使衰减平均化并将错误离散的各帧中Works in favour of convolutional coding with interleaving跳频最好要与卷积和交织技术共用Hopping is good for speech but donot benefit data跳频对提高话音质量很有好处,但一般情况下对数据传输无益再伙遂梁戚幸肌舆狰父粕楞帛衫看阐惦迅溉锑脓粕今爷撕蹭芝瓮分嫌藩勇GPRS设计及应用概述GPRS设计及应用概述No Hoppingf1f1f5HoppingSpeech BLER Rate-TU3 No Hopping块错误率块错误率-TU3 无跳频无跳频Typical Urban 3 km/h-No Hopping典型城区,移动速度每小时3公里,无跳频0.010.111010004812162024C/I载干比载干比(dB)CS1CS2CS3CS4丘垦盾滦冈绦尹砍纪瑟盗砖奥草杀蒙洞蚁吕抓姓娜胶鹊纷光码付鸭庙琼窑GPRS设计及应用概述GPRS设计及应用概述BLER Rate-TU3 No Hopping块错误BLER Rate-TU3 No Hopping块错误率块错误率-TU3 无跳频无跳频010203040506070809010004812162024C/I载干比载干比(dB)CS1CS2CS3CS4 CS4 has rapid rate of change between 6&14 dB(near 75%BLER improvement)CS4对载干比在对载干比在6-14分贝间的变化分贝间的变化反应明显反应明显(块错误率降低块错误率降低75%)Typical Urban 3 km/h-No Hopping典型城区,移动速度每小时3公里,无跳频奔睫呆忘馁蛔炎午惋娄朱峙棕杀寻隆烫茎怔辰腋否密抗喷茬倦掣践氏乖盗GPRS设计及应用概述GPRS设计及应用概述BLER Rate-TU3 No Hopping块错误Throughput-TU3 No Hopping信道数据流速信道数据流速-TU3 无跳频无跳频051015202504812162024C/I载干比载干比(dB)CS1CS2CS3CS4 CS1&CS2 show the least change vs.C/I CS1和和CS2受载干比的影响最受载干比的影响最小小 CS3&CS4 inefficient at low C/I CS3和和CS4在低载干比时效率很低在低载干比时效率很低 All Schemes converge to Max rate at high C/I随载干比的增高各编码方案均收敛于其最高速随载干比的增高各编码方案均收敛于其最高速率率 CS3&CS4 best at C/I 10dBCS3和和CS4最好在载干比大于最好在载干比大于10dB时应用时应用Typical Urban 3 km/h-No Hopping典型城区,移动速度每小时3公里,无跳频祷优镐须彤糕泉勇号嫂充肾楷威毁步瘩偷牺表栈按桥傻步柜驭谷牲癌钻沫GPRS设计及应用概述GPRS设计及应用概述Throughput-TU3 No Hopping信道GSM traffic model vs.GPRS traffic modelGSM流量模型与流量模型与GPRS流量模型的对比流量模型的对比GSM traffic model base on user air timeGSM的流量模型的基础是用户平均占用空中信道的时间GPRS traffic model base on user data volumeGPRS的流量模型的基础是用户平均传输数据的总量In GSM,mobile user can not make a phone call if there is no free channel at a certain time in a cell在G SM中,如果某一时刻在某扇区内已无空闲信道,则手机用户将无法打电话In GPRS,data service user can always attached to the system,share channels with other user,if the channel is too busy,user will notice that the service response become slower在GPRS系统中,数据业务的用户可以始终保持与系统的连接,与其他用户共享有限的信道,如果信道很忙,用户会感觉到服务的响应速度减慢,但服务并不停止初晴苦裙斤俄淌件眯正镜骏染请做歇误滇硝雅听魔陨坛散任右务脑郸稠耗GPRS设计及应用概述GPRS设计及应用概述GSM traffic model vs.GPRS traQoS Concept in GPRSGPRS中的服务质量概念中的服务质量概念Quality of Service in GPRS is not a guarantee concept but a priority concept质量服务在GPRS中不是一个保证的概念,而是一个优先权的概念High QoS level in BSS and MS means the ability to occupy more timeslots when available在基站及手机方面,高的服务质量意味着当系统信道资源允许时,可以同时占用多个时系High QoS level in GSN will try to set high priority flag when transmit packets between nodes,whether it work depends on the network technology GSN use在G SN部分中,高服务质量的标识将设置在节点之间传输的数据分组中,是否有效则根据不同的网络技术有所不同瓶篡苇盅存秦距慌骸协窄贪缴滔耽稀敦诅切惯踩脚笼嘉乍冉渴倘鳃痪劳咯GPRS设计及应用概述GPRS设计及应用概述QoS Concept in GPRSGPRS中的服务质量GPRS Channel Usage SampleGPRS信道利用方式举例信道利用方式举例GPRSGPRS GPRGPRS SGPRSGPRSGPRSGPRSS SS SS SS STCHTCHTCHTCHTCHTCHTCHTCHTCHTCHTCHTCHTCHTCHTCHTCHNon-BCCH 1Non-BCCH 1 例子：例子：三载波小区三载波小区BCCHBCCHTCHTCHTCHTCHTCHTCHTCHTCHTCHTCHTCHTCHBCCHBCCHTCHTCHNon-BCCH 2Non-BCCH 2肇灵氏乡苇逞锌搪炊痞牢射幼份锅鹤狈琉旁兴或欧境燃棍繁跃怂咒营籍念GPRS设计及应用概述GPRS设计及应用概述GPRS Channel Usage SampleGPRSGPRS TerminalGPRS中的终端中的终端Class A A类同时支持GPRS和电路交换(包括短消息SMS)用户能够同时作语音和数据服务的呼叫计被叫语音和数据服务均需要最少一个独立无线信道Class B B类支持GPRS和电路交换在同一时间，只能够提供语音或数据服务同时连接(Attach)语音和数据服务Class C C类只能够连接一种服务(语音或数据服务)需要利用手机菜单(Menu/Default)更改服务类型(语音、数据)理论上一台手机可支持1至8个时系鹏膛旗任证辗偿过驻羔鞭逢掐袱处憋刊部刮谈嚎括茨旨绵兴赢敏锁凶亲亏GPRS设计及应用概述GPRS设计及应用概述GPRS TerminalGPRS中的终端Class A PDU transmissionGPRS AttachorSTANDBYtimerExpireGPRS DetachGPRS AttachPDU receptionGPRS DetachofCancel LocationMM State Model of MSMM State Model of SGSNIDLEREADYSTANDBYIDLEREADYSTANDBYororLocationUnknownRouting AreaCellGPRS ActionsNoneGPRS PagesCS PagesData TransferREADY timer expiry orforce to STANDBYorAbnormal RLC conditionREADY timer expiryorForce to STANDBYSTANDBY timer expiryorCancel LocationMobility Management State ModelGPRS终端及终端及SGSN的移动管理状态模型的移动管理状态模型廊牺撤点鸡币调癌恶刽潜楷先桓沂孤椭酪不估医蔓疲塌偏咐庙锥避高瞩殷GPRS设计及应用概述GPRS设计及应用概述PDU transmissionGPRS AttachorSConclusions无线部分小结无线部分小结Sending data across GSM Air Interface with reduced error protection requires low interference RF environment用降低容错的方法在GSM的空中接口传数据需要高载干比的环境Maximum bit rate on CS3&CS4 will probably be restricted to indoorµcell CS3和CS4所带来的最大速度只能限制在室内及微蜂窝覆盖区Hopping networks will not benefit GPRS data transfer due to the spreading of errors跳频网络将错误离散的方法不会给GPRS的数据传输带来好处 Data traffic model is different from speech,the most valuable character of GPRS is the ability to share same channel by multiple users数据与话音的传输模型不同,GPRS最大的优势在于多用户共享有限的信道QoS in GPRS is different from traditional meaning in CSGPRS中的服务质量概念与传统电路交换中的概念有所不同鼓手航襄矛毒篷走础央甲溉磁字恶骑各打唾元峰冈典叠息帐丹七斗麦疾栖GPRS设计及应用概述GPRS设计及应用概述Conclusions无线部分小结Sending dataBasic TCP/IP ConceptTCP/IP基本概念基本概念TCP/IP systemTCP/IP协议系统Network Access Layer网络访问层Internet Layer因特网层Transport Layer传输层Routing Protocol路由协议有抡芋凶阔斡张踞拄谰通输讫语抒诞戒攫挺缆蹿戊女闹酱瞪痰踌宴磅坐凿GPRS设计及应用概述GPRS设计及应用概述Basic TCP/IP ConceptTCP/IP基本概Network and TCP/IP Protocol网络与网络与TCP/IP协议协议Network is a system which connects devices such as computers,these devices can communicate through public transmission media网络是计算机和类似计算机的设备连接起来的一个系统,这些设备能够通过公共传输媒体进行通信 TCP/IP Protocol defines the process of network communication,most important,it defines what aspect of a data unit should be and what kind of information it should include,this makes the target computer can decode the messages come from source computer correctly.TCP/IP协议定义了网络通信的进程,更重要的是,定义了数据单元应该采用什么样的外观及应该包含什么信息,使得接收端的计算机能够正确地翻译对方发来的信息 棕返毖拄搂脯捡非驴盟柒连稍包惭粳衰仰占棚垢洲胞命瀑肋锰岛抚俏凝漾GPRS设计及应用概述GPRS设计及应用概述Network and TCP/IP Protocol网络TCP/IP CharactersTCP/IP的特性的特性Logical address-IP address逻辑编址-IP地址Routing selection路由选择Name service-DNS域名服务-DNSError checking and flow control错误检查与流控制Support for applications-port对应用程序的支持-端口台篮焙卤限妇完催菠浪炽煞诱腆胎胶俐狰诺战蹈茵猴湃著劳婆摇虏客谱骆GPRS设计及应用概述GPRS设计及应用概述TCP/IP CharactersTCP/IP的特性LogApplication Layer应用层Transport Layer传输层Internet Layer因特网层Network Access Layer网络访问层TCP/IP Protocol SystemTCP/IP协议系统协议系统践早殉答倡拣殃爪凹躁锐耍爹侣淹椭苇木贞氰凶刻尝哆妇梁殊刺贵若惕摆GPRS设计及应用概述GPRS设计及应用概述Application Layer应用层TransportApplication Layer应用层Transport Layer传输层Internet Layer因特网层Network Access Layer网络访问层Application Layer应用层Presentation Layer表示层Session Layer会话层Transport Layer传输层Network Layer网络层Data Link Layer数据链路层Physical Layer物理层TCP/IP and OSI ModelTCP/IP与与OSI模型模型炬测哼捣贪芝枚宅戊堆蓖渊唉拨封饱崎沉胀酪反菩抬住瘴戴认囚瑶舜迁猖GPRS设计及应用概述GPRS设计及应用概述Application Layer应用层TransportApplication LayerTransport LayerInternet LayerNetwork Access LayerData数据Header首标At each layer,a new header is added to the data packet数据包在每一层加一个新首标Message消息Segment段(TCP)Datagram(UDP)Datagram数据报Frame帧Bit Stream 二进制流Data packet数据包数据包(分组分组)戴勉地芳扣巾云菌拨瘁乾璃反您谐斋吨快腔勇碱狞堕浊慑涤帜俐们镊捕贸GPRS设计及应用概述GPRS设计及应用概述Application LayerTransport LayApplication LayerTransport LayerInternet LayerNetwork Access LayerNetwork applicationsTCPUDPIPARP/RARPFTSFDDIPPP(Modem)EthernetToken RingPhysical NetworkTCP/IP NetworkTCP/IP网络简介网络简介硕柿罢娟疯胯忍匀供绩财甸杜急晰花娇基摧括韭敬宗竣末她匀导臭奋共岸GPRS设计及应用概述GPRS设计及应用概述Application LayerTransport LayApplication LayerPresentation LayerSession LayerTransport LayerNetwork LayerPhysical Layer物理层Application LayerTransport LayerInternet LayerNetwork Access Layer网络访问层TCP/IPOSIData Link Layer 数据链路层Media Access Control SublayerLogical Link Control SublayerNetwork Access Layer and OSI model网络访问层与网络访问层与OSI模型对比模型对比媒体访问控制子层逻辑链路控制子层坑进俯货芦辕资告武撮调盛队裴综逻智急尘闸挎虑另羔济僚茁翁依梧刨禹GPRS设计及应用概述GPRS设计及应用概述Application LayerPresentation Functions of network access layer网络访问层的功能网络访问层的功能Interface to computer NIC 与计算机网卡的接口Coordinate data transport and access method对数据传输与相应访问方法的约定实施协调Format data to frame,convert frame to physical signal将数据格式化为帧这样的单元,并将帧转换成在传输媒体上传递的电脉冲或模拟脉冲Error checking for input frame 检查输入进来的数据帧中的错误Add error checking information to output frame将错误检查信息添加给输出的数据,使接收端能够检查它的错误Check acknowledgment and retransmit frame when can not receive acknowledgment 确认数据帧已收到,如果没有收到这个确认信息,则重新发送数据帧媒粱符钾硕题兵闲准枢杭饿服业麻驯浆提釜言为尖淌巩瘁渗睦植狄床椽钓GPRS设计及应用概述GPRS设计及应用概述Functions of network access laPhysical Address物理地址物理地址Physical Address is network card address pre-set by manufactory物理地址是厂家在网卡中预设的地址 We call physical address MAC address物理地址也叫MAC地址MAC address is a 48 bits binary numberMAC地址由48位二进制数组成TCP/IP user ARP and RARP to translate IP address to and from MAC address 在TCP/IP中使用地址解析协议(ARP)和反向地址解析协议(RARP)来实现IP地址与本地网络上的网卡物理地址之间的转换史纷钉缮烯酒赂橇今拒甫守神昏殴蚂艳筒溶呕威弱澳佰蜕踞购琴瀑占腕右GPRS设计及应用概述GPRS设计及应用概述Physical Address物理地址Physical Internet Protocol因特网协议因特网协议(IP)IP software decide how to create a datagram and how to send the datagram through a network IP协议是执行一系列功能的软件,IP软件决定如何创建数据报及如何使数据报通过一个网络IP software has 3 important information area IP软件的三个重要信息域IP address:a unique 32bits address IP地址域-一个独一无二的32位地址Sub network mask:a 32bits information bits group,indicate which part of the IP address is network ID and which part is host Id 子网掩码域Default gateway:an optional 32bits address,indicate a router.All packets send to other network will go to this router if no specific route for that network 缺省网关域When sending data,IP get data from transport layer and send to network access layer在发送数据时,IP从传输层得到数据,处理后送往网络访问层芍齐钠题僵佣麻枪燕矮蚤谱伯龋硕篷穿菏写戳剔经韭奠班力谊锐作湍镶蔼GPRS设计及应用概述GPRS设计及应用概述Internet Protocol因特网协议(IP)IP 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31VersionIHL0Service Type1Packet length(Include header and data)2 IDFFlag3Fragmentation OffsetTime-To-LiveProtocol4Header ChecksumSource IP address Destination IP address Optional Fields(0 to many bytes)1 bit0-2:priority bit3:Delay bit4:Throughput bit5:Reliability bit6-7:Reserved 2 Maximum size is 65535,default is 576(512bytes data+64bytes header)3 bit0:Reserved,must be 0 bit1(DF):0=allow 1-disallow bit2(MF):0=last 1=more 4 1:ICMP 2:IGMP 3:GGP 4:IP 5:ST 6:TCP 8:EGP 17:UDP 80:CLNP 88:IGRP 89:OSPFIP Data payload(Many bytes)Padding0 scope 5-15,number of DWORD(32bits)notes:Byte(8bits)WORD(16bits)DWORD(32bits)IP HeaderIP的首标的首标扭疵茂凛青扛朗镐组阿衔拙氯琉缅脾晒抢龟捡鬼貌柯琳微葵塔姬标缨特娥GPRS设计及应用概述GPRS设计及应用概述00 01 02 0304 05 06 0708 09 10IP AddressIP地址地址IP address consists of four dot separated numbersIP地址由四个被圆点隔开的数字组成IP address just like house address IP地址好比住宅的地址Network ID like street name 网络名好比街道名Host ID like house number 主机名好比门牌号Each computer(node)should have a unique IP address每台计算机(节点)都应有独一无二的IP地址磁劝殷麓陌宵阻肢尊惩劫捷昭凰佣递受楚秃条虐烈咐卜殃愁尼眯阐咐洽交GPRS设计及应用概述GPRS设计及应用概述IP AddressIP地址IP address consBinaryDecimal27261282524232221206432168421Hexadecimal804020108421BinaryHexadecimalDecimal000111001022001133010044010155011066011177BinaryHexadecimalDecimal100199101010A101111B110012C110113D111014E111115F000000100088BinaryHexadecimalDecimal8bits0-25500-FF16bits0-65,53500-FFFF24bits0-16,777,21500-FFFFFF32bits0-4,294,967,29500-FFFFFFFF10bits0-1023(1K)20bits0-1,048,575(1M)0-3FF0-FFFFFUse Octet Address(1)使用使用8位组地址位组地址(1)爱悸旺句凡毡鹅临沥泉悼蝶底贞裁家寻抹般捏滥煽慰礁炮釉慷碘奥腐白暑GPRS设计及应用概述GPRS设计及应用概述BinaryDecimal2726128252423222110000000128BinDec11000000192111000002241111000024011111000248111111002521111111025401111111127Bi