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Hydraulic Turbine水轮机水轮机Lesson Twovocabularyprime moverhydraulic turbinewater wheelvane,bladebucketrunnerimpulse turbinereaction turbineFrancispropellerPelton wheel原动机水轮机水轮机叶片、桨叶斗叶转轮冲击式水轮机反击式水轮机法兰西式水轮机桨叶佩尔顿水轮机vocabularypitch diameterneedlenozzledeflectorload rejectionboltsolid castdouble-overhungrimdischarge sidemixed-flow turbinerunner chamberband节圆直径针杆喷嘴偏流器甩负荷用螺栓连接整体浇铸双悬臂式的轮缘出水侧混流式水轮机转轮室下环vocabularyhubdiagonal turbinefeatherreversible pump turbinegateKaplan turbinetubular-type turbineTUBE turbinewater passagegear drivebulb轮毂斜流式水轮机顺桨平放可逆式水轮机桨叶卡普兰式水轮机贯流式水轮机贯流式水轮机过流通道齿轮转动灯泡As Water passes through a Hydro-power plant,its energy is converted into electrical energy by a prime mover known as hydraulic turbine or water wheel.The turbine has vanes,blades,or buckets that rotate about an axis by the action of the water.当水流过水电厂的时候，它的能量被称为水轮机的原动机转换为电能。水轮机有叶片、桨叶或斗叶，它们被水推动绕轴旋转。Sentence ExplanationsOne type is an impulse turbine,which utilizes the kinetic energy of a high-velocity jet of water to transformer the water energy into mechanical energy.一类是冲击式水轮机，它利用高速喷射的水流的动能把水的能量转换为机械能。second type is a reaction turbine,which develops power from the combined action of pressure energy and kinetic energy of the water.Reaction turbines can be further divided into several types,of which the principle two are the Francis and the Propeller.第二类是反击式水轮机，它综合利用水的势能和动能产生功率。反击式水轮机可进一步被分为几种类型，主要有混流式和转桨式。The potential energy of water flowing from a fore bay through a penstock is transformed into kinetic energy in a jet or jets of water striking the single or double bowl-shaped buckets of the impulse runner.从前部流过引水管的水的势能转换为射流冲击冲击转轮的一个或两个碗状斗叶的动能。The jet of water strikes the runner tangentially to a circular line of the pitch diameter of the buckets and acts as atmosphere pressure.射流以与转轮节圆直径相切的方向冲击到斗叶上，其工作压力为大气压强。The water striking the buckets of the runner is regulated through the use of a bulb-shaped needle in a nozzle.The position of the needle determines the quantity of water striking the runner.A deflector arrangement in more sophisticated designs is used to direct the water away from the turbine buckets when there is a load rejection to reduce hydraulic torque on the generator.冲击转轮斗叶的水利用一个球状的喷针来控制。喷针的位置决定冲击转轮的水量。在更复杂的设计中有一个偏流器用来在甩负荷时把水引出水轮机转轮以减小发电机上的机械转矩。The impulse or Pelton turbines have advantage for high-head installations,for installations with abrasive matter in the water,and for long-penstock installations where water hammer is critical.冲击式或佩尔顿水轮机的优点是适于高水头，有磨损和有严重水锤效应的长引水管安装条件。Some impulse runners are made with individually bolted buckets are solid cast.Doubled-overhung installations are made with a generator in the center and the runners positioned in the two overhanging ends of a single shaft.有些用单独螺栓联接的斗叶制造的冲击转轮是整体铸造的。双悬臂式的水轮机使得发电机在中间而转轮位于同一大轴两个悬臂的末端。The turbine is designed so that the jet of water strikes the buckets at an angle to the face of the runner and the water passes over the buckets in an axial direction before being discharged at the opposite side.The buckets are constrained by a rim on the discharge side of the runner.这种水轮机的设计使得冲击斗叶的射流以一个角度冲击转轮的表面，水流从对侧流出前沿轴向流过斗叶。一个轮缘在转轮的出水边箍住斗叶。Francis turbines have a crown and band enclosing the upper and lower portions of the buckets,while a propeller-type runner has blades projecting from the hub.Francis 水轮机有一个上冠和下环包裹住斗叶的上下部分，有一个桨形的转轮，其中有轮毂和伸出的桨叶。The blades are adjustable and can be feathered about an axis inclined at 45to the axis of the shaft.桨叶是可调整的，能够以一个与大轴45度夹角的轴向放置。The automatic coordination of the movement of runner blade and adjustment of the gate position provides optimum hydraulic performance and has made such units more efficient for variable flow and low-head applications.转轮桨叶移动和导叶位置调整的自动协调提供优化的水力性能并使得这种水轮机在各种水流和低水头下保持高效。Basically,the units are arranged to minimize the change in direction of flow,to simplify the mounting of the generator,and to provide the best hydraulic characteristics for the water moving through the hydropower plant.基本上，这种机组的布置尽量减小水流方向的改变，简化发电机的安装，使水流过电厂时具有最好的水力特性。TUBE turbine is a registered trademark of the Allis-Chalmers Corporation for a type of unit in which the generator is mounted outside the water passage with direct or gear drive connection to the generator.TUBE turbine是Allis-Chalmers 公司的一种水轮机单元的注册商标，这种单元中发电机安装过流通道外侧，而水轮机与发电机直接或通过齿轮转动相联接。Bulb hydropower units include propeller turbines that drive a generator encapsulated and sealed to operator within the water passage.灯泡式水轮机组包括驱动被封装发电机的转桨式水轮机，它在过流通道中对运行人员来说是密封的。Translation Skill 词义的选择文章由单词组成。正确的单词词义是保证英文正确的基础。英汉单词词义的差别：一词多义（同一词性意义不同）operate：外科手术、运行、操作一词多类（不同词性意义不同）current：adj.当前的 n.电流一词多用（不同形式意义不同）time：时间 times：倍数Translation Skill 词义的选择根据词类选择词义It is round.它是圆的。(adj.)In the presence of such supervisory equipment,no rounds is needed from tome to time.有了这些监视设备，就不需要不停地巡视了Translation Skill 词义的选择根据学科领域选择词义third power 三次幂high power telescope 高倍望远镜nuclear powered submarine 核动力潜艇power system 电力系统Translation Skill 词义的选择根据词语搭配选择词义super-critical generator unit 超临界发电机组critical parts 关键部件the condition is not critical 条件并不苛刻surge arrester 避雷器surge voltage 冲击电压surge impedance 波阻抗surge protect 浪涌保护Translation Skill 词义的选择根据上下文选择词义in order to develop our power industry为了发展我国电力工业we must develop new sources of energy我们必须开发新能源Einstein developed the theory of relativity爱因斯坦创立了相对论Hydraulic turbines are machines that develop torque from the dynamic and pressure action of water.产生Translation Skill 词义的选择large hydro-electric schemes 工程、项目工程、项目scheme 方案、流程图、计划、模式方案、流程图、计划、模式a host of other applications 一大群、许多host 主人、主机、宿主Translation Skill词义的选择Large dams and reservoirs can have other impacts on a watershed.流域、分水岭，这里取流域。In the operation of reaction turbines,the runner chamber is completely filled with water and a draft tube is used to recover as much of the hydraulic head as possible.operation：操作、运行 这里取运行recover：恢复、回收 这里取回收Translation Skill词义的选择Francis turbines have a crown and band enclosing the upper and lower portions of the buckets,while a propeller-type runner has blades projecting from the hub.project：n.计划、方案、投影 v.伸出 这里是动名词，显然取伸出 hub：n.轮毂 网络集线器按专业选择，这里取轮毂The End
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