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语法填空语法填空解题技巧解题技巧 语法填空考查方式考查方式分为:分为:自主填空自主填空;提示性填空提示性填空自主填空:自主填空:连词、介词、代词、冠词连词、介词、代词、冠词 原则:一空一词原则:一空一词提示性填空提示性填空:1.1.动词:动词:时态、语态、非谓语、主谓一致、时态、语态、非谓语、主谓一致、词性变换词性变换2.2.形容词形容词&副词副词:比较级、最高级、:比较级、最高级、词性变换词性变换3.3.名词:名词:单复数、单复数、词性变换词性变换考查方式分为:自主填空;提示性填空应试技巧:应试技巧:A、纯空格试题的解题技巧纯空格试题的解题技巧应试技巧:例:例:I can send a mesage to Kenya whenever I want to,and gets there almost in a second.(茂名一模)(茂名一模)it技巧技巧1:简单句或并列句中,缺主语或宾语,简单句或并列句中,缺主语或宾语,大多是考代词。大多是考代词。例:I can send a mesage to Kenya例:例:It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty(960-1279)was very anxious to help rice grow up quickly.his 例:例:.the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to small town about 20 kilometres away where there was a garage.(广东高考)(广东高考)a技巧技巧2:名词前面若没有限定词(冠词:名词前面若没有限定词(冠词 a/an/the、形容词性物主代词、形容词性物主代词his/her/my/our等、等、不定代词等),那么答案首先考虑限定词。不定代词等),那么答案首先考虑限定词。例:It is said that a short-temp例:例:.who should have the honor of receiving me a guest in their house.(广东高考)(广东高考)技巧技巧3:句子不缺主语、表语、动词:句子不缺主语、表语、动词(vt)后不缺后不缺宾语的情况下,名词或代词前考虑填介词。宾语的情况下,名词或代词前考虑填介词。例:例:.two world-famous artists,Pablo Picasso Candido Portinari,which are worth millions of dollars.and技巧技巧4:若并列的两个或几个单词或短语间没:若并列的两个或几个单词或短语间没有连词,考虑填连词。有连词,考虑填连词。例:.who should have the hon例例:Hewasverytiredafterdoingthisfor a whole day,he felt veryhappy.(广东高考)(广东高考)but技巧5:若若两两句句(一一个个主主谓谓关关系系算算一一个个句句子子)之之间间没没有有连连词词,也也没没有有句句号号或或分分号号,一一定定是是填并列连词或从属连词。填并列连词或从属连词。例:He was very tired after doin技巧技巧6:由特殊的句式来判断空格出应填的词。由特殊的句式来判断空格出应填的词。例例:.andwasonlyafterIheardshe became sick that I learned shecouldnteatMSG!(广州一模)(广州一模)(1)Itis/was.that/who.强强调调句句结结构构,通常考察通常考察it或或that例例:Sherememberedhwodifficultwas to choose a suitable Chrismaspresentforherfather.(2)it做形式主语或形式宾语的句式做形式主语或形式宾语的句式技巧6:由特殊的句式来判断空格出应填的词。B.给出了动词的填空的填空题的解的解题技巧技巧首首先先,判判断断要要填填的的动词是是在在句句中中做做谓语还是是非非谓语例例:Besides,shoppingatthistimeoftheyear ws not a pleasant experience:people stepped on your feet or (push)youwiththeirelbows(肘肘部部),hurryingaheadtogettoabargain.(广东高考)(广东高考)例:Her mother was excited,“yourfather has at last decided to stopsmoking,”Jane(inform).B.给出了动词的填空题的解题技巧技技巧巧1:若若句句中中(一一个个主主谓谓关关系系算算一一个个句句子子)没没有有谓谓语语动动词词,或或虽虽然然已已有有谓谓语语动动词词,但但需需填填的的动动词词与与之之是是并并列列关关系系时时,所所给给动动词词就就是是谓谓语语动动词词。若若是是谓谓语语动动词词,就就要要考考虑虑时时态态,语态。语态。技巧2:若若句句中中已已经经有有谓谓语语动动词词,又又不不是是并并列列谓谓语语时时,所所给给动动词词就就是是非非谓谓语语动动词词。解解题题时时最最重重要要是是确确定定用用哪哪一一种种非非谓谓语语形形式式(V-ing,V-ed,todo)技巧1:若句中(一个主谓关系算一个句子)没有谓语动词,或虽然例例:.but it is not enough only (memorize)rules from a grammarbook.(佛山一模佛山一模)例:(speak)outourinnerfeelingwont make you feel ashamed,onthecontrary,.(佛山二模)(佛山二模)(1)非非谓谓语语做做主主语语或或宾宾语语,通通常常用用V-ing形形式式表表示示习惯或一般情况习惯或一般情况,用用to do表示具体的情况。表示具体的情况。例:.but it is not enough onl(2)做目的状语,一般用不定式做目的状语,一般用不定式例例:Hespititout,(say)itwasawful.例例:The headmaster went into the lab,bytheforeignguests.(3)做做伴伴随随状状语语常常用用分分词词,与与句句子子主主语语是是主主动动关系用关系用V-ing,是被动关系则用是被动关系则用V-ed.(2)做目的状语,一般用不定式(4)根根据据非非谓语出出现的的位位置置,判判断断其其所所作作的的句句子子成分成分,找出其找出其逻辑主主语,判断主被,判断主被动关系。关系。1、非非谓语若若跟跟在在名名词后后做做定定语或或宾补,其其逻辑主主语均均为前面的名前面的名词或代或代词。2、非非谓语若若放放在在句句首首或或句句末末,且且用用逗逗号号跟跟主主句句隔开隔开,常常做状做状语,其其逻辑主主语为句子的主句子的主语。(see)that the little boy wasdrowingintheriver,shejumpedintothewatertosavehimwithouthesitation.(4)根据非谓语出现的位置,判断其所作的句子成分,找出其注注意意:非非谓谓语语位位于于逗逗号号后后面面,有有时时也也做做后后置置定定语语(可可改改写写为为非非限限定定性性定定语语从从句句),此此时时其其逻辑主语仍是前面的名词。逻辑主语仍是前面的名词。Hardvard,(found)in 1632,is afamouse university which attractsthousands of students all over theworld.注意:非谓语位于逗号后面,有时也做后置定语(可改写为非限定性4、前面句子已经出现谓语,逗号后空格提示给出动词,要区分两种情况:A.若若所所考考空空格格后后面面还还有有and/or等等连连接接的的另另一一个个谓谓语语动动词词,说说明明是是考考察察3个个并并列列谓谓语语的的情情况况,此此时时要要根根据据语语境境填填写写正正确确语语态态和和时时态态的的谓语动词;谓语动词;Theoldmanlayinbed,(think)about his financial proble and feltanxious.thoughtB.若若所所考考空空格格后后面面没没有有另另一一个个谓谓语语动动词词,则则说说明这里要填明这里要填非谓语非谓语。The old man lay in bed,(think)about his financial proble and feltanxious.thinking4、前面句子已经出现谓语,逗号后空格提示给出动词,要区分两种词类转换题的解题技巧词类转换题的解题技巧技技巧巧1:做做表表语语(系系动动词词后后),定定语语(名名词词前前)或或补补语(宾语后),通常用形容词形式。语(宾语后),通常用形容词形式。例例:Thisproverbissayingwehavetoletthingsgointheir(nature)course.(广东高考)(广东高考)词类转换题的解题技巧技技巧巧2:作作主主语语、在在及及物物动动词词或或介介词词后后做做宾宾语语,在在形形容容词词性性物物主主代代词词后后或或“冠冠词词+(形形容容词词)”后,用名词形式。后,用名词形式。例例子子:“Worth double the price.”ButJaneknewfrompastexperiencethather (choose)of ties hardly everpleasedherfather.(广东高考)(广东高考)例例:.theremainsdatefromthisperiodbecauseoftheir(similar)tothosefoundelsewhere.(广州二模)技巧2:作主语、在及物动词或介词后做宾语,在形容词性物主代词技技巧巧3:作作状状语语修修饰饰动动词词、形形容容词词或或整整个个句句子子时,用副词形式。时,用副词形式。例例:Somevillagersbroughtmegoatscheeseandhoney.Wedranktogetherandtalked(merry)tillfarintothenight.(广东高考)(广东高考)例:例:Hemustbe(mental)disabled.(广东高考)(广东高考)技巧3:作状语修饰动词、形容词或整个句子时,用副词形式。技技巧巧4:括括号号中中所所给给词词有有可可能能是是要要求求词词义义转转换换,词词类类不不一一定定要要变变,主主要要是是考考察察具具有有与与词词根根意意义义相相反反的的派派生生词词,需需根根据据句句子子意意思思及及前前后后逻逻辑辑关关系系,在在词词根根前前加加un-,im-等等,在在词词根根后后加加-less等等。例例:People certainly have a variety ofreasonsforgoingbacktoschoolbutone important thing to know is,noknowledgeis(use).(惠州三模)(惠州三模)例例:Your mistake caused a lot of (necessary)workintheoffice.(广广州州二二模模)技巧4:括号中所给词有可能是要求词义转换,词类不一定要变,主技技巧巧5:括括号号中中所所给给动动词词也也不不一一定定是是考考动动词词的的时时态态语语态态或或非非谓谓语语动动词词,而而是是考考词词类类转转换换;若若是是形形容容词词或或副副词词,有有可可能能是是考考察察比比较较等等级级(as.as.,the more.the more.,a little,even,than,否定词+adj比较等级,the+序数词序数词)。例例:.there was a lot of informationabout the citys well-known tourist (attract).(广州一模)(广州一模)例例:Nothingcouldbe(sweet).(广广东东高考高考)技巧技巧6:介词后要加名词或动名词:介词后要加名词或动名词。例:He suddenly kissed her on theforehead and she looked at him in (amaze).技巧5:括号中所给动词也不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词注意:注意:1、语法填空里语法填空里it的用法:的用法:A.做指示代词,指代上文提到过的人或事物做指示代词,指代上文提到过的人或事物B.做形式主语做形式主语/宾语宾语C.强调句句型强调句句型2、by后后面面考考察察动动词词,用用V-ing形形式式;by前前面面考察动词,用考察动词,用V-ed形式形式3、定定冠冠词词the和和形形容容词词性性物物主主代代词词(my,his,her,their,our,its等等)的区分;的区分;注意:
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