新编英语语法教程ComparisonandComparativeConstructions培训课件

新新编英英语语法教程法教程ComparisonandCompComparisonandComparativeConstructiarativeConstructionsons“比较比较”出来的英语出来的英语n1.Afriendiseasierlostthanfound.n2.Enoughisasgoodasafeast.n3.Bettertodowellthantosaywell.n4.Betterthelastsmilethanthefirstlaughter.n5.Doingisbetterthansaying.n6.Twoheadsarebetterthanone.n7.Goodtobeginwell,bettertoendwell.n8.Aneyefindsmoretruththantwoears.2新编英语语法教程ComparisonandComparativeConstructionsn朋友易失不易得。朋友易失不易得。n知足常乐。知足常乐。n说得好不如干得好。说得好不如干得好。n宁可最后微笑，不可首先狂喜。宁可最后微笑，不可首先狂喜。n会说不如会做。会说不如会做。n两人智慧胜一人。两人智慧胜一人。n善始好，善终更佳。善始好，善终更佳。n百闻不如一见百闻不如一见3新编英语语法教程ComparisonandComparativeConstructionsI.Comparison of Adj.and Ad.(p283)Positive/AbsoluteDegreeComparativeDegreeSuperlativeDegreesmallsmallersmallestlargelargerlargestcomplicatedmorecomplicatedmostcomplicatedquicklymorequicklymostquicklyclevercleverer/moreclevercleverest/mostclever4新编英语语法教程ComparisonandComparativeConstructions一、形容词、副词比较级的构成：（分规则变化和不规一、形容词、副词比较级的构成：（分规则变化和不规则变化两种情况）则变化两种情况）（一）规则变化（一）规则变化构成方式原级比较级shortshorterlargelargerbigthinbiggerthinnerhappyhappierdifficultmoredifficult单音节词在词尾加单音节词在词尾加-er以以e节尾的单音节词在词尾加节尾的单音节词在词尾加r以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母的重以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，双写词尾加读闭音节，双写词尾加er以辅音加以辅音加y结尾的词，把结尾的词，把y变变i 再加再加er大多数双音节词和多音节词在前加大多数双音节词和多音节词在前加more5新编英语语法教程ComparisonandComparativeConstructions（二）不规则变化：不规则变化的形容词或副词几乎没（二）不规则变化：不规则变化的形容词或副词几乎没有规律。有规律。原级原级比较级比较级goodbad/illfarmany/muchlittleoldwellbadlybetterworsefarther,furthermorelessolder,elderbetterworse6新编英语语法教程ComparisonandComparativeConstructionsAttention1.farther:usu.usedinrelationtodistance;further:usedtoindicateaddition.RomeisfartherfromLondonthanParisis.Wecantgoanyfartherwithoutresting.Arethereanyfurtherquestions?1).Frank can throw the ball_ than Bob.2)The committee will discuss the matter_.fartherfurther7新编英语语法教程ComparisonandComparativeConstructions2.older/oldest;elder/eldesta.older/oldest:usedtomodifybothpeopleandthings;elder/eldest:usedonlytotalkaboutthemembersofafamilyThecathedralistheoldestbuildinginthecity.ThatboyisMrs.Smithseldestson.b.older/oldest:canbeusedbothasattributiveandpredicative;elder/eldest:canbeonlyusedasattributiveHeisolderthanme.theoldestbuildinguhiselderdaughter/hiseldestdaughter8新编英语语法教程ComparisonandComparativeConstructions3.Modifiers before the Comparative Degree and Superlative Degree1).rather,(very)much,still,even,alot,any,alittle,abit,agreatdeal,etc.+-erThisapartmentisverymuchcheaperthanthatone.Doyoufeelanybettertoday?Thisquestionisevenmoredifficultthanthatone.2)byfar,almost,nearly,ever,first,second,etc.+-estCathyLuisbyfarthebeststudentinourdepartment.Heisalmostthetallestboyinthecampus.Thisisthesecondlongestriverinthecountry.9新编英语语法教程ComparisonandComparativeConstructions形容词和副词比较级的修饰成份形容词和副词比较级的修饰成份 表示表示“比比得多得多”：much,a lot,a great deal,far,by far表示表示“比比一点点一点点”：a bit,a little,slightly表示表示“比比更，甚至更，甚至”：still,even,yet 疑问句中常用疑问句中常用any修饰比较级表示修饰比较级表示“一点儿一点儿”Eg:1.This method is much easier.2.I am slightly taller than he.3.When praised,a child will study still harder.4.Are you feeling any better today?10新编英语语法教程ComparisonandComparativeConstructions常用来修饰比较级的词：常用来修饰比较级的词：much,even,still,so much,a little,a bit,a lot,far等。等。只能修饰原级不能修饰比较级的只能修饰原级不能修饰比较级的：very,quite,so,ratherThis park is much more beautiful than that one.Toms father is a little fatter than Jims.11新编英语语法教程ComparisonandComparativeConstructions4.比较范畴Thesizeofthisroomisbiggerthanmyoffice.ThepriceofmyapartmentismoreexpensivethanJennys.Thegirlwasasbrilliantasshewasbeautiful.Thisswimmingpoolisnttwiceaswideasthatoneislong.12新编英语语法教程ComparisonandComparativeConstructions4.比较范畴Thesizeofthisroomisbiggerthanthatofmyoffice.ThepriceofmyapartmentishigherthanthatofJennys.Thegirlwasasbrilliantasshewasbeautiful.Thisswimmingpoolisnttwiceaswideasthatoneislong.13新编英语语法教程ComparisonandComparativeConstructionsIn-Class PracticeExercise25A(P284-285)14新编英语语法教程ComparisonandComparativeConstructions比较形式使用句型A=BA+as+原级+asB(A+not+as/so+原级+asB)ABA+more+adj/adv+thanB（A超过B）ABA+less+adj/adv+thanB（A不如B）比较级的基本用法：比较级的基本用法：Eg.1.Dick is as tall as his brother.2.I can run as fast as you.3.This dictionary is better than that one.4.I can run faster than you.5.This book is less interesting than that one.15新编英语语法教程ComparisonandComparativeConstructionsII.Comparative Constructions a)肯定句：肯定句：Aas+PositiveDegree+asBas+形容词形容词/副词副词+as+名词名词/代词代词DiaoChan(貂蝉貂蝉)wasasbeautifulasXiShi（西施）（西施）.ZhouJie-lunsingsaswellasLiuDehua.Theclassroomisasbigasthatone.Thiscarrunsasfastasthatone.16新编英语语法教程ComparisonandComparativeConstructionsub)Negativeform:uAnotso(as)+PositiveDegree+asBA+less.+thanB否定句：否定句：notso+形容词形容词/副词副词+as+名词名词/代词代词ZhangSanisnotsosmartasLiSi.Thiscardoesnotrunsofastasthatone.Theclassroomisasbigasthatone.The classroom is notsobigas that one.The classroom is smallerthan that one.17新编英语语法教程ComparisonandComparativeConstructionsC）肯定句：）肯定句：as+形容词形容词/副词副词+as+从句（从句（P286）Maryisasbeautifulassheisintelligent.Thisroomisaswideasitislong.d）否定句：）否定句：notso+形容词形容词/副词副词+as+从句从句（P286）Thisfishpondisnotsowideasthatoneislong.（这个鱼塘的宽度不如那个鱼塘的长度。）（这个鱼塘的宽度不如那个鱼塘的长度。）18新编英语语法教程ComparisonandComparativeConstructionse）肯定句：）肯定句：as+many/much+名词名词as+从句从句（P286）Thisteacherteachesasmanystudentsasthatteacherdoes.f）否定句：）否定句：notso+many/much+名词名词as+从从句（句（P286）MywifedoesnoteatsomuchmeatasIdo.19新编英语语法教程ComparisonandComparativeConstructionsuasmuch+un.+asnotso/asmuch+un.+asuasmany+pl.+asnotso/asmany+pl.+asuas+adj.+a/an+n.(sing.)+asuas+adj.+un.+asHeearnedasmuchmoneyashehadexpected.Hedidntearnsomuchmoneyashehadexpected.TomreadasmanyEnglishnovelsashisteacherhadtoldhimto.TomdidntreadsomanyEnglishnovelsashisteacherhadtoldhimto.GeYouisasgoodanactorashisfather.Icantdrinkassweetcoffeeasthis.转化形式：转化形式：20新编英语语法教程ComparisonandComparativeConstructionsIcantdrinkassweetcoffeeasthis.=Icantdrinkcoffeeassweetasthis.Ihaventseenacarasoldasthisforyears.=Ihaventseenasoldacarasthisforyears.21新编英语语法教程ComparisonandComparativeConstructions2.er+than P287-288 A+系动词+形容词比较级+than+B.I think English is more popular than Japanese.A+实义动词+副词比较级+than+B.Mike studies harder than Helen.22新编英语语法教程ComparisonandComparativeConstructionsNegativeform:Anotso(as)+PositiveDegree+asBA+less.+thanBAttention:differentinmeaning.E.g.:BillspeaksFrenchlesswellthanhewritesit.BillspeaksFrenchworsethanhewritesit.23新编英语语法教程ComparisonandComparativeConstructionsmore/less/fewer/+名词名词+than+名词名词/代词代词/从句从句IteachmorestudentsthanWangLao-wu(does).Owingtothecoldweather,therearefewercustomerstodaythanyesterday.24新编英语语法教程ComparisonandComparativeConstructionsmorethan结构的变体（结构的变体（P287）：不定冠词不定冠词/零冠词零冠词+形容词比较级形容词比较级+名词名词+than+名词名词/代词代词/从句从句Mysisterhasasmallerhousethanmine.25新编英语语法教程ComparisonandComparativeConstructions2.er+than P287-288 enoughof+a+n.(man,coward,sportsman,fool,poet,scholar,politician,etc.)toomuchof+a+n.(man,sportsman,etc.)+toasmuchof+a+n.(man,sportsman,etc.)+asmoreof+a+n.(man,sportsman,etc.)+thanlessof+a+n.(man,sportsman,etc.)+thanHeisenoughofamantotellthetruth.Heistoomuchofacowardtotellthetruth.Heisasmuchofasportsmanashisbrother.Heismoreofapoetthanhisbrother.Heislessofascholarthanhisbrother.26新编英语语法教程ComparisonandComparativeConstructions3.the+Superlative Degree+P288Adv.最高级前的定冠词可以省略，最高级前的定冠词可以省略，Adj.最高级前的定冠词通最高级前的定冠词通常不可以省略。常不可以省略。E.g.:Heworks(the)hardestofall.27新编英语语法教程ComparisonandComparativeConstructions“定冠词+形容词副词最高级+比较范围”结构（P288）a)用于对三个以上的人或物进行比较（用于对三个以上的人或物进行比较（P288）：WangXiao-wuisthetalleststudentintheclass.Mysisterstudiesthehardestofall.b)有时不必把比较范围表示出来（有时不必把比较范围表示出来（P288）：Ishallhelpyouwiththegreatestpleasure.（我非常乐意帮助你。）我非常乐意帮助你。）Adictionaryisthebestauthority（最高权威）（最高权威）.c)最高级的相反意义可用最高级的相反意义可用theleast结构（结构（P288）:ThisistheleastexpensivecellphoneIveeverbought.=ThisisthecheapestcellphoneIveeverbought.28新编英语语法教程ComparisonandComparativeConstructions(1)no,nothing,cant,never等否定词等否定词+比较级，比较级，如：如：Nothinginmylifeshookmesodeeplyasmyfirstvisittochina.(2)thananyother,thananyoneelse,thananyoftheother+.等结构，如：等结构，如：TheChangjiangRiverislongerthananyotherriverinChina.29新编英语语法教程ComparisonandComparativeConstructionsE.g.:Whatdoyouthinkofhisvoice?IdontthinkIhaveeverheardabettervoice.该对话的答语以比较级的形式表达了最高级的含义，该对话的答语以比较级的形式表达了最高级的含义，意思等于意思等于“Ithinkhisvoiceisthebest”。TheChangjiangRiverislongerthananyotherriverinChina.Nothinginmylifeshookmesodeeplyasmyfirstvisittochina.30新编英语语法教程ComparisonandComparativeConstructions4.倍数的表达方法1)A+be+倍数（分数）倍数（分数）+as+adj.+as+BThishouseis5timesasbigasthathouse.2)A+be+倍数（分数）倍数（分数）+more/-er+than+BThesquareis4timesbiggerthanthatone.3)A+be+倍数（分数）倍数（分数）+the+n.(size,length,depth,price,etc.)of+BThenewswimmingpoolisdoublethedepthofthepreviousone.4)The+n.(size,length,depth,price,etc.)+be+倍倍数（分数）数（分数）that+of+BThelengthoftheriveris3timesthatofthatriver.31新编英语语法教程ComparisonandComparativeConstructionsE.g.:这座新桥是旧桥的三倍长。Thenewbridgeisthreetimesaslongastheoldone.Thenewbridgeistwicelongerthantheoldone.Thenewbridgeisthreetimesthelengthoftheoldone.Thelengthofthebridgeisthreetimesthatoftheoldone.32新编英语语法教程ComparisonandComparativeConstructionsIII.Contrast between comparative constructions(P291-293)比较级特殊用法：比较级特殊用法：1.与其说与其说不如说不如说1)moreBthanA:与其说A不如说B;与其说倒不如说Theyaremorelikefatherandsonthanteacherandstudent.2)notsomuchAasB:与其说A不如说BItwasntsomuchhisappearanceIlikedashispersonality.与其说我喜欢他的外表，不如说我喜欢他的为人。与其说我喜欢他的外表，不如说我喜欢他的为人。33新编英语语法教程ComparisonandComparativeConstructions2.越来越越来越“more and more+adj./adv.”或或“比较级比较级+and+比较级比较级”翻译：翻译：英语变得越来越重要了。英语变得越来越重要了。天气变得越来越冷了。天气变得越来越冷了。English is becoming more and more important.It is getting colder and colder.34新编英语语法教程ComparisonandComparativeConstructions3.越越，就越，就越”the+比较级，比较级，the+比较级比较级翻译：翻译：你越努力，你就能取得越大的进步。你越努力，你就能取得越大的进步。年龄越大，记忆力就会越差。年龄越大，记忆力就会越差。The harder you work,the greater progress you will make.The older we grow,the poorer memory you will have.35新编英语语法教程ComparisonandComparativeConstructions4.(not/no)more/-er than&(not/no)less/-er than P2921)表示数量：表示数量：morethan表示超过，表示超过，notmorethan表示不超过表示不超过(atmost)，nomorethan表示只有，仅仅表示只有，仅仅(only)Heslivedhereformorethan20years.Idonthavemorethan6dictionaries.Thererenomorethan10studentsintheclassroom.Attention He is morethan kind.不只是不只是仁慈。My trip to Beijing is morethan sightseeing.不只是不只是游览观光36新编英语语法教程ComparisonandComparativeConstructions4.(not/no)less than1)表示数量：表示数量：lessthan表示少于，表示少于，notlessthan表示不少于表示不少于(atlest)，nolessthan表示不下，多达表示不下，多达Ivereadlessthan10novelsthissemester.Illstayherenotlessthan3days.Thererenolessthan150peopleattheparty.Attention The actor is lesswell-knownthan his father.The actor is notlesswell-knownthan his father.This actor is nolesswell-knownthan his father.(as popular as)37新编英语语法教程ComparisonandComparativeConstructions8.not more than 不超过，至多不超过，至多 at the most no more than 仅仅仅仅，和和 一样少一样少 less than 少于少于 not less than 不少于不少于=at least no less than 和和一样多一样多=as much as 类似地：类似地：no fewer than=as many as 和和一样多一样多 no worse than=as good as 和和一样好一样好 no better than=as bad as 和和一样坏一样坏 no richer than=as poor as 和和一样穷一样穷 no later than =as early as 和和一样早一样早38新编英语语法教程ComparisonandComparativeConstructions5.not+比较级比较级纯表示比较纯表示比较no+比较级比较级含有对两者的否定含有对两者的否定IamnotbetteratEnglishthanyou.IamnobetteratEnglishthanyou.(Imply:NeitheryounorIamgoodatEnglish.)39新编英语语法教程ComparisonandComparativeConstructionsAnotmore/-erthanB:A不比不比B更更Anomore/-erthanB/(AnotanymorethanB):A和和B都不都不The3DfilmTitanicismoreinterestingthanAvatar.The3DfilmTitanicisnotmoreinterestingthanAvatar.The3DfilmTitanicisnomoreinterestingthanAvatar.JohnisbetterthanTom.JohnisnotbetterthanTom.JohnisnobetterthanTom.(JohnisasbadasTom)PeterarrivedlaterthanJack.PeterdidntarrivelaterthanJack.PeterarrivednolaterthanJack.(PeterarrivedasearlyasJack)41新编英语语法教程ComparisonandComparativeConstructions一、比较对象不明n比较级句型中的前后比较对象要保持一致。若前一个比较对象是不可数名词，那么后一个比较对象则可用that替代，若是可数名词，则可用one，ones或those替代，这些替代词不可以没有。例如：n李明在他班里比任何学生都聪明。n误：Li Ming is cleverer than any student in his class n正：Li Ming is cleverer than any other student in his class 42新编英语语法教程ComparisonandComparativeConstructionsn他们的英语书比我们的多得多。n误：They have much more English books than we n正：They have many more English books than we 43新编英语语法教程ComparisonandComparativeConstructions二、误用修饰语n比较级前常可有much，no，any，rather，far，a little，a lot，even，still等词来修饰，但是，当比较结构为“more复数名词”时，要用many来修饰，而不能用much。若是more后跟不可数名词则用much来修饰。如：The little boy has much more bread than his sister 44新编英语语法教程ComparisonandComparativeConstructionsn他比我高一头。n误：He is taller a head than I n正：He is a head taller than I n这个房间是那个房间的两倍大。n误：This room is as twice large as that one n正：This room is twice as large as that one 45新编英语语法教程ComparisonandComparativeConstructions三、词序不得当对比较级中一些复杂句子的语序混淆不清，只考虑了中文意思，却忽略了英语习惯表达方式:汤姆似乎不如吉姆那样是个好孩子。误：Tom doesnt seem to be as a good boy as Jim 正：Tom doesnt seem to be as good a boy as Jim 当asas这种结构表示同等程度的对比与名词限定词a或an连用时，形容词总是放在a或an的前面。46新编英语语法教程ComparisonandComparativeConstructions2015TEM-455.Itisnotsomuchthelanguage_theculturalbackgroundthatmakesthefilmdifficulttounderstand.A.butB.norC.likeD.asExercise47新编英语语法教程ComparisonandComparativeConstructions2011TEM-456.WhichofthefollowingitalicizedphrasesisINCORRECT?A.Thecityisnowten times its original site.B.IwishIhadtwo times his strength.C.Theselleraskedfordouble the usual price.D.Theycomehere four times ever year.57.Itisnotsomuchthelanguage_theculturalbackgroundthatmakesthebookdifficulttounderstand.A.asB.norC.butD.likeExercise48新编英语语法教程ComparisonandComparativeConstructions2009TEM-455.Anewlaptopcostsabout_ofasecond-handone.A.thepriceofthreetimesB.threetimesthepriceC.asmuchasthethreetimespriceD.threetimesmorethantheprice2008TEM-464.Thesquareitselfisfivehundredyardswide,fivetimes_thesizeofSt.PetersinRome.A./B.thatofC.whichisD.of49新编英语语法教程ComparisonandComparativeConstructions2007TEM-457.Itisnot_muchthelanguageasthebackgroundthatmakesthebookdifficulttounderstand.A.thatB.asC.so D.very62.Overpopulationposesaterriblethreattothehumanrace.Yetitisprobably_athreattothehumanracethanenvironmentaldestruction.A.nomoreB.notmoreC.evenmoreD.muchmore50新编英语语法教程ComparisonandComparativeConstructionsNotmorethan,指两者虽都具有某种特征，但程度不同，意为指两者虽都具有某种特征，但程度不同，意为“不如不如”、“不及不及”(=notso.as)。人口多对人类发展造成了威胁，下局进行转折，与其说是威胁了人类发展，人口多对人类发展造成了威胁，下局进行转折，与其说是威胁了人类发展，不如说是威胁了环境。不如说是威胁了环境。51新编英语语法教程ComparisonandComparativeConstructions2006TEM-464.Itwas_wehadhopedA.moreasuccessthanB.asuccessmorethanC.asmuchofasuccessasD.asuccessasmuchas2005TEM-459.DoyouknowTimsbrother?Heis_thanTim.A.muchmoresportsmanB.moreofasportsmanC.moreofsportsmanD.moreasportsman52新编英语语法教程ComparisonandComparativeConstructions与与“somethingofa+名词名词”一样，一样，muchofa+名词是常用的一个特名词是常用的一个特殊结构。结构中的殊结构。结构中的“muchof”表示一种程度表示一种程度,修饰修饰“a+名词名词”所表示的所表示的意思。意思。这一结构的意思是：这一结构的意思是：A)“称得上称得上的的”、“了不起的了不起的”，取，取“a+名名词词”的原意，的原意，“muchof”仅起修饰作用。仅起修饰作用。B）“相当的相当的”，侧重，侧重much的原意，表示的原意，表示“多多”的意思。的意思。Itisreallymuchofachallengetome.说真的，这对我来说还真是一大挑战挑战。53新编英语语法教程ComparisonandComparativeConstructions如果用于比较级则将如果用于比较级则将much改成改成more,成为成为moreofa+名词名词+than.结构。结构。Shewasmoreofahindrancethanahelp.她非但没帮上忙，反而碍事。54新编英语语法教程ComparisonandComparativeConstructions2004TEM-441.Thattrumpetplayerwascertainlyloud.ButIwasntbotheredbyhisloudness_byhislackoftalent.A.somuchasB.ratherthanC.asD.than47.Thelessthesurfaceofthegroundyieldstotheweightofafully-loadedtruck,_tothetruck.A.thegreaterstressisB.greateristhestressC.thestressisgreaterD.thegreaterthestress满载的卡车于地面接触面积越小，卡车承受的压力越大。55新编英语语法教程ComparisonandComparativeConstructions2004TEM-448.Hewas_totellthetrutheventohisclosestfriend.A.toomuchofacowardB.toomuchthecowardC.acowardenoughD.enoughofacoward56新编英语语法教程ComparisonandComparativeConstructionsIn-Class PracticeExercise25F(P293-294)57新编英语语法教程ComparisonandComparativeConstructions