新编大学英语3Unit6课件

Unit SixMan and AnimalsTry to name as many animals as possible.bird butterfly peacock bee dove pigeon eagle cuckoo bat chicken duck cock goose parrot hen swan cat seagull crow deer sparrow dog mule swallow rat owl dragonfly pig ass horse ox goat dolphin bull cow calf lion zebra tiger camel panda fox bear leopard elephant wolf snake whale hare rabbit seal snail mosquito sheep donkey mouse monkeyGuessing Work Do you know them?Who leads a shortest life among all the animals in the world?The strongest mammal in the world?Who runs fastest in the world?The most clever animal in the world?The heaviest one in the world?The tallest one in the world?Click the picture to get the answerTask 1proverbs Hair by hair you will pull out the horses tail.一根一根拔，拔光马尾巴。（水滴石穿）A running horse needs no spur.奔马无需鞭策。The tortoise wins the race while the hare is sleeping 兔子睡懒觉，乌龟跑赢了。Birds of a feather flock together.物以类聚，人以群分If water is noisy,there are no fish in it.咆哮的水中无鱼。（夸夸其谈者无真才实学。）In-Class ReadingAggression in Humans and AnimalsAggression in Humans and Animals The Jungle BookClick to enjoy the video clipWork in groups to Work in groups to answer the following questions.answer the following questions.Animals are aggressive when they are frightened,when they want to protect their young,when they are attacked or hurt,and when they are put in a corner or a small space.When are animals aggressive?When are animals aggressive?SampleSampleReference words:frightened,attack,hurt,protect,competition,non-violent Men are aggressive when they are attacked or insulted or hurt,when they are pressed,when their lives or properties are threathened.When do people become aggressive?SampleSample The encouragement of competition in all possible fields would diminish the likelihood of peoples aggressive behavior.When people take parts in international competitions in sports or for the best designed house,or the safest car,they can channel their aggression into non-violent competition and constructive activity.What is the possible solution for mans What is the possible solution for mans hostility and aggression?hostility and aggression?SampleSampleaccumulation【记记忆忆】词词根根 accumulate v.积积聚聚，积积累累；accumulative adj.贪贪婪婪的的，喜喜欢欢积积聚的；聚的；accumulator n.累积者累积者 联联 想想 记记 忆忆 ac(to)+cumulate(heap up),堆堆，堆堆 积积 堆堆 积积，聚聚 集集+ionaccumulation n.n.hoard up 积聚，积累积聚，积累 同同 collection【考考 点点】accumulation of experiences(money,funds)积积累累经经验验(钱钱，资资金金););an accumulation of books(evidence,rubbish)收集一批书籍收集一批书籍(一堆证据，一堆垃圾一堆证据，一堆垃圾)accumulate v.例如：例如：Dont you think we should learn and earn more so as to accumulate knowledge and fortune when young?你你不不觉觉得得年年轻轻的的时时候候，我我们们该该多多学学点点，多多赚赚点来积累知识和财富吗？点来积累知识和财富吗？aggression(n.)(Tittle)侵略；敌对的情绪或行为；攻击侵略；敌对的情绪或行为；攻击 行动行动构词法：构词法：adj.aggressive(Line 1,Para.1)好争吵的；有进取心的；有冲劲的好争吵的；有进取心的；有冲劲的adv.aggressively 好斗地；挑衅性地；好争吵地好斗地；挑衅性地；好争吵地n.aggressiveness 敌对情绪敌对情绪n.aggressor(正式；贬义正式；贬义)侵略者侵略者男孩子总是通过打架来表现他们的男孩子总是通过打架来表现他们的敌对情绪敌对情绪。他现在好像不那么他现在好像不那么咄咄逼人咄咄逼人了。了。He appeared to be now in a less aggressive mood.Boys usually express their aggression by hitting each other.TranslationTranslation一个一个积极进取的积极进取的年轻人在这所大学里是会年轻人在这所大学里是会大有作为的。大有作为的。An aggressive young man can go far in this university.请了解以下常见表达。请了解以下常见表达。an aggression upon ones right 侵害某人的权利侵害某人的权利 commit aggression against 对对进行侵略进行侵略air aggression 侵犯领空侵犯领空;空中侵袭空中侵袭 commercial/cultural/economic aggression 商商业业/文文化化/经经济济侵略侵略 an aggression on sb.s personal liberty 对对某某人人人人身身自自由由的侵犯的侵犯assert(v.)(Line 38,Para.4)1)(assert oneself)say clearly what you think 坚持自己的想法、坚持自己的想法、权利、意见权利、意见 2)state or declare forcefully 断断 言，宣称，声明言，宣称，声明assertion(n.)(+that)a forceful statement or claim 断言；强硬声明断言；强硬声明assertive(adj.)forceful;expressing strong opinions or claims 断言的；武断的断言的；武断的请完成下面的句子。请完成下面的句子。ExerciseExerciseDont be so shy you need to learn to _.(坚持自己的主张坚持自己的主张)The Consumer Association tried its best to _.(维护维护消费者的权利消费者的权利)assert the consumers rightsassert yourselfHe _ that he was not guilty.(一再声明他的无辜一再声明他的无辜)repeated his assertions You couldnt fail to notice that _.(那个说话武断那个说话武断的青年人的青年人)assertive young man He_his authority by making them be quiet.A)asserted B)assented C)assaulted D)assembled答案为答案为【A】译文：译文：他迫使他们安静下来，以维他迫使他们安静下来，以维护他的权威。护他的权威。assent同意，批准同意，批准 assault攻击，袭击攻击，袭击 assemble集合，组装集合，组装在在旧旧式式政政治治制制度度下下，权权力力集集中中在在一一个个人手里。人手里。这一工程这一工程集中了集中了全国的技术精英。全国的技术精英。The project centralizes the technical elites of the country.Under the old political system power was centralized in the hands of one person.TranslationTranslationcentralized(adj.)(Line 42,Para.4)集中的集中的centralize(v.)gather under central control 集中集中centralization(n.)集中集中constructive(adj.)(Line 36,Para.4)having a good effect or likely to produce good results 建设性的，有益的建设性的，有益的建设性意见建设性意见/会议会议 大火大火/森林森林/破坏性的影响破坏性的影响The fire caused destructive effects to the forest.John made a number of very constructive suggestions at the meeting.反义词反义词destructive(adj.)(Line 37,Para.4)causing destruction 破坏的，毁坏的破坏的，毁坏的请用以下提示词造句。请用以下提示词造句。ExerciseExerciseinstinct【记忆】instinctive adj.本能的；instinctively adv.本能地【考点】例如：have an instinct for 生性爱好，生来就 by instinct 出于本能Cat preys on mouse by instinct.猫捉老鼠是出于本能。n.natural ability or tendency to act in a certain way 本能本能 同 faculty,impulse,talentHuman behavior is mostly a product of learning,whereas the behavior of an animal depends mainly on_.A)consciousness B)impulseC)Instinct D)response答案为答案为【C】译文：译文：人的行为主要是学习的结果，而动物人的行为主要是学习的结果，而动物的行为则主要取决于本能。的行为则主要取决于本能。consciousness 意意为为“意意识识”，impulse 意意为为“冲冲 动动”,instinct 意意 为为“本本 能能”，response 意为意为“反应反应”。intrude(v.)(Line 3,Para.1)(+into,on,upon)bring or come in when not wanted 闯入；侵入；打扰闯入；侵入；打扰ExerciseExercise如果他们很忙，我就不如果他们很忙，我就不打扰打扰他们了。他们了。I dont want to _ them if they are busy.intrude on 请完成下面的句子。请完成下面的句子。这一儿时回忆这一儿时回忆不时地闯入不时地闯入她的脑海。她的脑海。The memory of her childhood _ her mind.intruding itself intokept他总是把自己的意见他总是把自己的意见强加于人强加于人。He is always _ his opinion _ others.intruding uponintrusion(n.)闯入；侵入；打扰闯入；侵入；打扰intruder (n.)侵入者；闯入者侵入者；闯入者词汇扩充词汇扩充词汇扩充词汇扩充intrusive (adj.)闯入的；侵入的；打扰的闯入的；侵入的；打扰的 词汇辨析词汇辨析词汇辨析词汇辨析interfere 指指干干扰扰、妨妨碍碍别别人人的的行行动动或或某事的进行。常用作贬义。某事的进行。常用作贬义。intrude 多指未经允许而闯入或对他多指未经允许而闯入或对他人事务进行干涉。人事务进行干涉。interrupt 多用于指突然介入而使正多用于指突然介入而使正在进行的事情中断，也可表示阻断、在进行的事情中断，也可表示阻断、妨碍。妨碍。请分别用请分别用 intrude,interfere 或或 interrupt 的适当形式完成的适当形式完成句子。句子。ExerciseExercise敲门声敲门声打断打断了他的思考。了他的思考。A knock at the door _ his concentration.青青年年人人不不希希望望父父母母过过多多地地干干涉涉自自己己的的事情。事情。Yong people dont want their parents to _too much with their personal business.interfere interrupted一架不明国籍的军用飞机侵入一架不明国籍的军用飞机侵入我国领空。我国领空。An unidentified military plane _ the airspace of our country.intruded into likelihood 【记忆】词根为likely adj.可能的，加名词后缀-hood表示“性质”，“状态”，另外还可表示“身分”，“资格”。falsehood n.错误 childhood n.童年 priesthood n.牧师n.probability 可能性可能性【考点】in all likelihood 很可能 例如：例如：In all likelihood,it will snow.很有可能要下雪。Theres little likelihood he will come here in such a big rain.下着这么大的雨，他到这儿的可能性很小。mechanical【记忆】可参考下列单词记忆：mechanic n.技工，机械工 mechanics n.机械学，技巧 mechanize vt.使机械化，用机械装备adj.of,connected with,moved,worked,or produced by machinery 机械的，呆板的机械的，呆板的 同 dull,emotionless 反 conscious【考点】His acting is not at all mechanical.他的表演一点儿也不呆板。Now it is thought not a good method to ask the students to recite mechanically.现在人们认为让学生们机械背诵并不是一种好方法。After he had been asked the same question many times,his answer became_.A)machineB)mechanics C)mechanic D)mechanical答案为答案为【D】译文译文：被问了许多次相同的问题后，他的被问了许多次相同的问题后，他的回答变得机械了。回答变得机械了。A项项“机器机器”B项项“机械学机械学”C项项“技工技工”D项项“(形容词形容词)机械的机械的”prehistoric【记忆】前缀pre-表示“在以前”，词根为historic adj.历史的由前缀pre-构成的词还有：premeditate vt.预先思考preoccupy vt.先占，先取prejudge vt.预先判断preexist vt.先于而存在adj.of the time before recorded history 史前的史前的scale【考点】in a scale一定尺度，在一定范围内 on an extensive scale 广泛地 sink in the scale 降级 to a scale 按一定比例 This map is drawn to scale.这张地图是按比例绘制的。n.size of extent 大小，规模，范围大小，规模，范围;the relationship between the size of something in the map and its size in the real world 比例比例on big(vast large,massive)scale 大规模地(的)，广泛地(的)China is carrying out the reform on a large scale.中国在大范围地进行改革。The map was drawn to the standard_of 1：150,000,so there was not much detail.A)grade B)routeC)line D)scale答案为答案为【D】译文：译文：地图是按标准的地图是按标准的1:150，000的比例绘制的，的比例绘制的，所以上面没有太多的细节。所以上面没有太多的细节。grade级别，等级，例如：级别，等级，例如：Grade One一年级；一年级；route路线，例如：路线，例如：Long March Route长征路线；长征路线；line一般意义的一般意义的“线、线条线、线条”；而；而scale有多种意有多种意思，其中之一是思，其中之一是“比例，比例尺比例，比例尺”，尤指地图、，尤指地图、航海图、平面图上的距离与相应的实际距离之间航海图、平面图上的距离与相应的实际距离之间的比例关系的比例关系.submission(Line 6,Para.1)submit(v.)1)(+to)yield oneself;agree to obey 服从；顺从服从；顺从2)(+to)offer for consideration 呈呈送；提交；送；提交；submission(n.)1)服从；顺从服从；顺从 2)呈送；提交；提出呈送；提交；提出submissive(adj.)恭顺的；归顺的恭顺的；归顺的submissively(adv.)恭顺地；归顺地恭顺地；归顺地T:Hi,boys and girls,how are you going to celebrate the New Years Day?S:Oh,Mr.Smith,were thinking about a masquerade(化妆舞会化妆舞会)party.T:That sounds great.But I am afraid you have to _ (提交计划提交计划)to your administrator.请根据以下模拟语境填空。请根据以下模拟语境填空。ExerciseExercise学生学生/教师教师/教师要求提交新年晚会计划教师要求提交新年晚会计划submit the plan 请根据以下模拟语境填空。请根据以下模拟语境填空。ExerciseExerciseSon:Mum,I will not _(服从)because of the following points.First,.Mum:OK.You dont have to _(服从)to me.But can we discuss？儿子儿子/母亲母亲/服从父母管教服从父母管教submit myself to you show submission territorial(adj.)(Line 3,Para.1)1)守卫自身活动地域的；领域性的守卫自身活动地域的；领域性的2)领土的；属地的领土的；属地的请了解以下常见表达。请了解以下常见表达。领土主权领土主权 territorial right领土争端领土争端 territorial disputes 领土扩张领土扩张 territorial expansion 领土完整领土完整 territorial integrity 地盘性动物地盘性动物territorial animals territory(n.)(Line 3,Para.1)1)C;U land ruled by one government 领土；版图领土；版图 2)area regarded by a person,animal as belonging to it alone 地盘；领地地盘；领地 3)area of knowledge or activity (知识或活动的知识或活动的)范围，范围，领域领域请完成下面的句子。请完成下面的句子。ExerciseExercise他的研究兴趣他的研究兴趣甚广甚广。His scientific interests _.他们解放了囚犯及他们解放了囚犯及被占领土被占领土。They liberated the prisoners,_.the occupied territoriescover a wide territoryviolent【记忆】可参考下列单词记忆：violence n.暴力，残暴 non-violent adj.非暴力的【考点】例如：a violent storm 猛烈的风暴 lay violent hands on 对行凶，向下毒手 Don t be so violent to me.不要对我这么凶。adj.fierce;furious 暴力的，暴力引起的，激烈的暴力的，暴力引起的，激烈的zoologist【记忆】词根为 zoology n.动物学，-ist 表示“家”一些表示学科及学家的词还有：geology n.地质学 geologist n.地质学家 archaeology n.考古学 archaeologist n.考古学家botany n.植物学 botanist n.植物学家n.experts of animal 动物学家动物学家Phrases and expressionsas it isin fact 实际上例如：I thought he must have finished his work,but as it is he hadnt nearly started it.我原以为他一定已经做完工作了，但实际上他几乎还没有开始。His mother expected him to get good mark in the exam,but as it is he flunked.他母亲希望他在考试中取得好成绩，但实际上他却没有及格。care fortake care of 关心，照顾例如：Who cares for your baby when you are away on business?你出差的时候谁照顾你的孩子?care for the younger generation 关怀青年一代find expression in(Line 49,Para.4)在在中找到表达方式中找到表达方式/以以方式表达方式表达请完成下面的句子。请完成下面的句子。ExerciseExercise他的情感最终由眼泪表现了出来。他的情感最终由眼泪表现了出来。His feelings at last _.他们的个人主义在他的作品他们的个人主义在他的作品/举止中表现举止中表现了出来。了出来。Their individualism _.found expression in theirfound expression in tearsworks/behaviorin itself without considering the rest 本身例如：The fair is in itself a symbol of the development of Chinas foreign trade.这次交易会本身就是中国对外贸易事业发展的象征。The story in itself teaches a moral lesson.这个故事本身就有教育意义。turn to ask for help or support 求助于，借助于例如：Whenever I have difficulties,I turn to my teacher for help.我有困难时，总是向老师求助。She has nobody to turn to.她无人可求助。warn off tell sb.go away 告诫离开例如：They warned him off,but he kept walking on the ice.他们告诫他离开，但他还坚持在冰上走。The children were warned off the river.人们告诫孩子们不要离河太近。Introduction(Para.1)Man must be the most aggressive and cruel of all living creatures.The comparison of aggression in animals and human beings(Para.2-4)A.An animal may show abnormal aggressiveness in abnormal conditions.(Para.2)B.Human aggression.(Para.3)C.The reasons for human aggression.(Para.4)Solutions to the problem(Para.5)Only if hostility and aggression can be expressed in constructive activity and non-violent competition,will the human race be able to survive.1.Nevertheless,should a fight follow,neither creature will be badly hurt,for the loser will save himself by making a gesture of submission.(L.46)【解解析析】这这是是一一个个倒倒装装句句式式，因因为为省省略略连连词词if放放在在句句首首，所所以以倒倒装装，相相当当于于If a fight should follow,neither creature will be badly hurt。For 引引导导原原因因状状语语从句。从句。【译译文文】但但是是，如如果果真真有有争争斗斗，任任何何一一方方都都不不会会受受重重伤伤，因因为为败败方方会会做做出出表表示示投投降的动作来保全性命。降的动作来保全性命。【例句例句】1.Neither of them has replied.他们两人都没有答复。他们两人都没有答复。2.These two books are neither of them very good.这两本书都不是很好。这两本书都不是很好。3.You are a sore loser.你是一个输不起的人。你是一个输不起的人。2.A tiger that once came out of the jungle into a village and attacked a man was later found to have an injured paw that had evidently prevented it from hunting its usual prey.(L.911)【解解析析】本本句句的的主主句句是是 a tiger was later found to have an injured paw。第第一一个个 that 引引导导的的是是定定语语从从句句修修饰饰 tiger，在在这这个个从从句句中中，that(tiger)是是主主语语，谓谓语语是是 came 和和 attacked。第第二二个个that引引导导的的也也是定语从句，修饰是定语从句，修饰 paw。【译译文文】有有一一只只老老虎虎从从丛丛林林跑跑到到村村庄庄来来，袭袭击击了了人人。人人们们后后来来发发现现原原来来它它的的爪爪子子受受了了伤伤，明明显显使使它它不不能像平时那样去猎食。能像平时那样去猎食。3.If it had not had this disability it would have undoubtedly stayed in the jungle and hunted for food in the customary way.(L.1112)【解解析析】这这是是虚虚拟拟语语气气，表表示示与与过过去去相相反反的的虚虚拟拟语语气气。（可可参参看看第第一一单单元）元）【译译文文】假假如如不不是是因因为为受受伤伤，这这只只虎虎毫毫无无疑疑问问还还会会呆呆在在丛丛林林里里，像像往往常常那样去猎取食物。那样去猎取食物。5.Some zoologists and psychologists compare modern man to a caged lion.(L.19)【解解析析】compare 后后可可接接 to或或 with，在在表表示示两两物物相相似似时时常常用用compare to，在在比比较较两物的异同时常使用两物的异同时常使用compare with。【译译文文】一一些些动动物物学学家家和和心心理理学学家家把把现现代代人人比喻成笼子里的狮子。比喻成笼子里的狮子。【例句例句】Still only twentyfive,she has been compared to the greatest dancer of all time.她她才才只只有有2525岁岁，就就已已经经被被比比作作有有史史以以来最伟大的舞蹈家。来最伟大的舞蹈家。6.If conditions had remained thus,man might have been no more aggressive than his fellow creatures.(L.2829)【解析解析】no more than 不过，仅仅不过，仅仅【译译文文】假假如如现现在在还还有有这这样样的的条条件件，人人类就不会比其他动物更加好斗。类就不会比其他动物更加好斗。【例例句句】It cost me no more than one dollar a week.我每周在这上面至多花一美元。我每周在这上面至多花一美元。7.In fact,it is almost impossible for them to behave otherwise.(L.32)【解解析析】otherwise这这里里是是副副词词，意意为为：in a different way,differently(用用别别的的方方法法，另另外外)别样，以另外方式。别样，以另外方式。【译文译文】实际上，要他们不这样做几乎是不可能的。实际上，要他们不这样做几乎是不可能的。【例例句句】I think it will rain this afternoon,but my brother thinks otherwise.我我认认为为今今天天下下午午会会下下雨雨，但但我我的的兄兄弟弟却却不不这样认为。这样认为。8.Man must have become more aggressive over the years as the world population has increased.(L.33L.34)【解解析析】推推测测语语气气，表表示示肯肯定定用用must,can,could,may,might（语语气气依依次次减减弱弱）表表示示疑疑问问和和否否定定用用cant,couldnt所所有有上上述述情情态态动动词词后后面面接接完完成成时时表表示示对对过过去去的的猜猜测测，接接不不定定式式表表示示对现在的推测。对现在的推测。【译译文文】这这些些年年来来，由由于于世世界界人人口口的的增增长长，人人类类必必定是更为寻衅好斗了。定是更为寻衅好斗了。【例句例句】1.You must be wrong.你肯定错了。你肯定错了。2.Can the news be true?这消息会是真的吗？这消息会是真的吗？9.The impulse to assert himself has enabled him to survive in a dangerous world,but ironically,he is now likely to destroy his own species unless alternative,non-violent ways of expressing aggression can be found.(L.3840)【解解析析】这这是是由由 but 连连接接的的两两个个句句子子。在在第第一一个个句句子子里里，主主句句是是：The impulse has enabled him to survive in a world。to assert himself 修修饰饰 the impulse，第第二二个个句句子子是是个个复复合合句句，主主句句是是：He is now likely to destroy his own species，unless引引导导条条件件状状语语从从句句，从句中，主要结构是：从句中，主要结构是：ways can be found。【译译文文】正正是是一一种种想想要要显显示示自自己己的的权权威威的的冲冲动动使使人人能够在能够在这这个个充充满满危危险险的的世世界界上上生生存存下下来来。然然而而，具有讽具有讽刺刺意意义义的的是是，除除非非人人类类能能找找到到其其他他发发泄泄好斗本性好斗本性的非暴力方法，否则就可能毁灭自己。的非暴力方法，否则就可能毁灭自己。【例句例句】1.You will be late,unless you hurry.如果不赶紧，你就会迟到。如果不赶紧，你就会迟到。2.Unless it rains,the game will be played.除非下雨，否则比赛都会进行。除非下雨，否则比赛都会进行。10.A man who may once have been a self-employed craftsman,master of his own trade,might now have a boring job in a factory.(L.3435)【解解析析】句句中中master of his own trade 作a self-employed craftsman的的同同位位语语，进进一一步步说说明明是是一一个个怎怎样样的的个个体体手手工工业业者。者。【译译 文文】有有的的人人也也许许曾曾经经是是一一名名个个体体手手工工业业者者，一一位位能能工工巧巧匠匠，而而现现在在却却可可能能在在工厂里干着单调乏味的工作。工厂里干着单调乏味的工作。【例句例句】1.He is a tailor by trade.他的职业是裁缝。他的职业是裁缝。2.Shoemaking is a useful trade.制鞋是一门有用的手艺。制鞋是一门有用的手艺。11.A small firm that once worked as a team to produce high-quality goods is likely to be absorbed into a vast organization where their work is mechanical and there is no possibility for personal expression.(L.4447)【解解析析】本本句句的的主主要要结结构构是是 A small farm is likely to be absorbed into a vast organization。第第一一个个that引引导导定定语语从从句句修修饰饰 firm，第第二二个个定定语语从从句句由由where引引导导修修饰饰organization，where在在从从句句中中作作地地点点状状语语。第第二二个个定定语语从从句句中中有有两两套套并并列列的的结结构构，分分别别是是：their work is mechanical和和there is no possibility for personal expression。【译译文文】一一家家曾曾经经精精诚诚合合作作生生产产出出了了高高质质量量产产品品的的小小公公司司现现在在可可能能被被并并入入了了一一家家大大机机构构，员员工工的工作很机械，没有机会自我表现了。的工作很机械，没有机会自我表现了。12.A man who would hesitate to hit another person in front of his eyes may kill thousands of people by dropping a bomb from a plane;to him they are too remote to be human beings,but are merely figures on a chart of his routine job.(L.5153)【解解析析】本本句句的的主主要要结结构构是是：A man may kill thousands of people by dropping a bomb。who 引引导导的的定定语语从从句句修修饰饰 a man，分分号号后后的的部部分分是是由由but连连接接的的两两个个句句子子，前前者者是是 they are too remote to be human beings，后后者者是是(they)are merely figures on a chart。【译译文文】一一个个不不大大愿愿意意对对他他面面前前的的人人拔拔拳拳相相向向的的人人也也许许会会从从飞飞机机上上投投下下一一枚枚炸炸弹弹从从而而导导致致成成千千上上万万的的人人的的死死亡亡；对对于于他他来来说说，那那些些人人太太遥遥远远已已不不算算是是人人了了，只只不不过过是是他日常工作报表上的数字而已。他日常工作报表上的数字而已。13.The encouragement of competition in all possible fields should tend to diminish the likelihood of war rather than increase it.(L.5456)【解解 析析】本本 句句 的的 主主 要要 结结 构构 是是 The encouragement should tend to diminish the likelihood of war.【译译文文】对对于于所所有有可可能能的的领领域域中中竞竞争争的的鼓鼓励励应应该该逐逐渐渐减减少少而而不不是是增增加加战战争争的的可可能能性。性。【例句例句】1.possible 是一个普通的定语，举例如下：是一个普通的定语，举例如下：a possible solution to this problem 解决这个问题的较合适的办法。解决这个问题的较合适的办法。the only possible action 唯一可采取的行动唯一可采取的行动likelihood 是是 likely 的名词形式。的名词形式。Is there any likelihood of his coming?它可能来吗？它可能来吗？in all likelihood 十之八九，极有可能十之八九，极有可能14.Anthony Storr suggested that the United Nations should organize international compe-titions in sports and also for the best designed house or hospital,or the safest car.(L.4648)【解解析析】for the best designed house or hospital,or the safest car同同in sports一一样样，是是修修饰饰competitions的的。注注意意：suggest带带从从句句，从句中动词要用从句中动词要用should+do的形式。的形式。【译译文文】安安东东尼尼斯斯托托尔尔建建议议联联合合国国要要组组织织国国际际性性的的体体育育比比赛赛，而而且且还还要要开开展展其其他他诸诸如如房房屋屋或或医医院院最最佳佳设设计计奖奖的的竞竞赛赛，或或者者汽汽车车安安全全性性能能最佳奖的竞赛。最佳奖的竞赛。(1)Nevertheless,(1)Nevertheless,should a fight follow,neither,neither creature creature will bewill be badly badly hurthurt,for the loser will,for the loser will save himself by making a gesture of save himself by making a gesture of submission.submission.(Line 5)(Line 5)(2)If it had not had this disability it it would have would have undoubtedly undoubtedly stayedstayed in the jungle and hunted in the jungle and hunted for food in the customary way.for food in the customary way.(Line12)(Line12)If the human population had not increased so rapidly,people,people would have had would have had moremore space and space and freedom freedom.(Line 23)(Line 23)(3)(3)If the caged lion,for example,for example,were free to to wander on the grassy plains of Africa,it wander on the grassy plains of Africa,it would would be be continually continually activeactive,ranging over long,ranging over long distances,hunting in family groups.distances,hunting in family groups.(Line 15)(Line 15)语法训练语法训练语法训练语法训练此三类句子体现了虚拟语气的三种时态变化。此三类句子体现了虚拟语气的三种时态变化。(1)第第1句中句中“should a fight follow”是表示将来情是表示将来情况的虚拟语气，意思为况的虚拟语气，意思为“if a fight should follow”，句中省略了，句中省略了“if”，将，将“should”提前，构成倒装，表示提前，构成倒装，表示“万一，一旦万一，一旦”的意思。的意思。值得注意的是本句中的主句部分未使用虚拟语值得注意的是本句中的主句部分未使用虚拟语气。气。(2)第二部分这第二部分这两句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。两句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。这类句子，这类句子，从句用从句用“had+动词过去分词动词过去分词”，主句用主句用“would/should/could/might+have +动词过去分词动词过去分词”。第3句是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。从句用“did/were”，主句用“would/should/could/might+动词原型”。Everything _(be destroyed)if Albert hadnt called the fire brigade.Fill in the blanks with the verbs in Fill in the blanks with the verbs in the subjective mood.the subjective mood.ExerciseExercise“If I hadnt practiced when I was younger,”the musician says,“I _(not be)able to play so well now.”would have been destroyed wouldnt be If we had been more careful,we _(get)much better results now.would have got _(he leave)today,he would get there by Friday.Were he to leave If man were not aggressive by nature,he _(be)happier but less creative.would be Normally Normally one one animal animal will will only only kill kill another ano