微观经济各种曲线图--课件

Total revenue總收入總收入 TRTRTRQ0QMRARAR,MR01ppt课件Average revenue平均收入平均收入 TRTRQ0QMRARAR,MR02ppt课件Marginal revenue邊際收入邊際收入 TRTRQ0QMRARAR,MR03ppt课件Perfect competition完全競爭完全競爭 PQd=MR=AR=PMCACAVCQ*04ppt课件Profit maximization利潤最大化利潤最大化 P PQMCD=ARMR0MR=MC(profit maximization)5ppt课件Deadweight loss無謂損失無謂損失 PQ Pm PcQm QcS=MCD=ARMR06ppt课件Monopoly rent壟斷租壟斷租 PQ PQMCD=ARMR0ACAC7ppt课件Monopoly壟斷壟斷PQ PQMCD=ARMR0AC8ppt课件Law of diminishing marginal returns邊際報酬遞減邊際報酬遞減定律定律 TPVariable factor0AP,MP0Variable factorTPSlope=MP=APTP max.MP max.AP max.APMPLaw of diminishing marginal returns9ppt课件Average product curve平均生產曲線平均生產曲線 TPVariable factor0AP,MP0Variable factorTPSlope=MP=APTP max.MP max.AP max.APMP10ppt课件Marginal product curve邊際生產曲線邊際生產曲線 TPVariable factor0AP,MP0Variable factorTPSlope=MP=APTP max.MP max.AP max.APMP11ppt课件Total product curve總生產曲線總生產曲線 TPVariable factor0AP,MP0Variable factorTPSlope=MP=APTP max.MP max.AP max.APMP12ppt课件Total fixed cost總固定成本總固定成本 TC,TFC,TVCSlope=MC=ACTCTVCSlope=MC=AVCTFCOutputAC,AFC,AVC,MC,MFC,MVCOutput00MC=MVCACAVCAFCMFC=013ppt课件Total variable cost總可變成本總可變成本 TC,TFC,TVCSlope=MC=ACTCTVCSlope=MC=AVCTFCOutputAC,AFC,AVC,MC,MFC,MVCOutput00MC=MVCACAVCAFCMFC=014ppt课件Total cost總成本總成本 TC,TFC,TVCSlope=MC=ACTCTVCSlope=MC=AVCTFCOutputAC,AFC,AVC,MC,MFC,MVCOutput00MC=MVCACAVCAFCMFC=015ppt课件Average fixed cost平均固定成本平均固定成本 TC,TFC,TVCSlope=MC=ACTCTVCSlope=MC=AVCTFCOutputAC,AFC,AVC,MC,MFC,MVCOutput00MC=MVCACAVCAFCMFC=016ppt课件Average variable cost平均可變成本平均可變成本 TC,TFC,TVCSlope=MC=ACTCTVCSlope=MC=AVCTFCOutputAC,AFC,AVC,MC,MFC,MVCOutput00MC=MVCACAVCAFCMFC=017ppt课件Average cost平均成本平均成本 TC,TFC,TVCSlope=MC=ACTCTVCSlope=MC=AVCTFCOutputAC,AFC,AVC,MC,MFC,MVCOutput00MC=MVCACAVCAFCMFC=018ppt课件Marginal cost邊際成本邊際成本 TC,TFC,TVCSlope=MC=ACTCTVCSlope=MC=AVCTFCOutputAC,AFC,AVC,MC,MFC,MVCOutput00MC=MVCACAVCAFCMFC=019ppt课件First-degree price discrimination一級價格分歧一級價格分歧 MCD=MUV=MRPQ020ppt课件Third-degree price discrimination三級價格分歧三級價格分歧 PPPQQQP1DAMRAMRBDBMRA+BDA+BPA0PBQAQBMarket AMarket BBoth MarketsMCQ21ppt课件Law of demand需求定律需求定律 ABDPQ022ppt课件Law of supply供給定律供給定律 SPQ0AB23ppt课件Equilibrium Price均衡價格均衡價格0PQSDPe24ppt课件Surplus盈餘盈餘 0PQSDPeQeExcess supply25ppt课件Shortage短缺短缺 0PQSDPeQeExcess demand26ppt课件Price ceiling價格下限價格下限 QPrice ceilingPSDMarket PriceBlack market price0Excess demand27ppt课件Price floor價格上限價格上限 SD0LabourWage rateW 1W eW 0Q1Q2Minimum wageSurplus28ppt课件Elastic demand高彈性需求高彈性需求 PQD0DabMElastic Demand29ppt课件Inelastic demand低彈性需求低彈性需求 PQD0DabMInelastic Demand30ppt课件Perfectly elastic demand完全彈性需求曲線完全彈性需求曲線 PQ0D31ppt课件Perfectly inelastic demand完全無彈性需求完全無彈性需求曲線曲線 PQ0D32ppt课件Unitary elastic demand curve單一彈性需求曲線單一彈性需求曲線 PQ0DLoss in revenueGain in revenueGain in revenueGain=Loss33ppt课件Budget constraint預算限制預算限制 013254132Good XQRSPGood Y34ppt课件Indifference curve無異曲線無異曲線 13245132045Good XBADCIC(utility=10)Good Y35ppt课件Utility maximization效用最大化效用最大化 0Good XBECDLIC1IC2IC3Good Y36ppt课件Sales tax銷售稅銷售稅 0QS2S1TaxDPSellers burdenConsumers burden37ppt课件Subsidy補貼補貼 0QS2S1 SubsidyDPSellers benefitConsumers benefit38ppt课件Consumer surplus消費者盈餘消費者盈餘 0QTotal exchange value PriceD=MUVPConsumers surplus39ppt课件Economies of scale規模經濟規模經濟 0OutputLRACeconomies of scaleQm$40ppt课件Diseconomies of scale規模不經濟規模不經濟 0OutputLRACdiseconomies of scaleQm$41ppt课件Producer surplus生產者的盈餘生產者的盈餘 QSP042ppt课件Economic rent經濟租經濟租 PriceSDQ1P1Units of a factor0Economic rent43ppt课件Transfer earning轉移收入轉移收入 PriceSDQ1P1Units of a factor0Transfer earning44ppt课件All-or-nothing Pricing全量或零售定價全量或零售定價 Q0MUVAll-or-nothing demandAUV1=P1P2PQ1Q245ppt课件Contractionary monetary policy收縮性貨幣政策收縮性貨幣政策 rM0MsMsMd46ppt课件Expansionary monetary policy擴張性貨幣政策擴張性貨幣政策 rM0MsMsMd47ppt课件Equilibrium in money market貨幣市場的均衡貨幣市場的均衡 rM0MsMd48ppt课件Paradox of thrift節儉之迷節儉之迷 EE00YYSSSSIIYfYfYeYeYeYe49ppt课件Expansionary fiscal policy擴張性財政政策擴張性財政政策 E0YYfYeY-line45EE50ppt课件Contractionary fiscal policy收縮性財政政策收縮性財政政策 E0YYfYeY-line45EE51ppt课件Deflationary gap緊縮缺口緊縮缺口E0YYfYeY-line45EGRDG52ppt课件Inflationary Gap膨脹缺口膨脹缺口 E0YYfYeY-line45EGFIG53ppt课件Liquidity trap流動之迷流動之迷 E0YYfLM1ISLM254ppt课件Crowding-out effect排擠效果排擠效果 r0YYfLMIS2IS1Y2Y1crowding-out effectr2r155ppt课件LM CurveLM 曲線曲線 r0YLMY2Y1r2r156ppt课件IS CurveIS 曲線曲線 r0YISY2Y1r2r157ppt课件Phillips curve菲利蒲士曲線菲利蒲士曲線 0Rate of change of money wage rates(%p.a.)Unemployment(%)58ppt课件Quota配額配額 Good XWorld market pricePSD0QPtPeQ1Q259ppt课件Tariff關稅關稅 Good XWorld market pricePSD0PtPeQ1Q2bdceafTQ3Q460ppt课件Average propensity to consumeYE0aCCYSlopes=APC61ppt课件Marginal propensity to consume YE0aCSlopes=MPC62ppt课件Backward bending labor supply向後彎曲勞力供應曲線向後彎曲勞力供應曲線 Income0Wage rateCBACBA0Slope=W3Slope=W2Slope=W1Work24(hours)LeisureW1W2W3Quantity supplied of labor63ppt课件J-curveJ曲線曲線 0Time(+)J-curve+-Trade balance64ppt课件Marginal utility邊際效用邊際效用 Good Y0Good XSlope=Marginal UtilityIC65ppt课件Reference參考書目參考書目Lam Pun Lee,Advanced Level Microeconomics Third Edition,MacmillanLam Pun Lee,Advanced Level Macroeconomics Third Edition,Macmillan66ppt课件