资源描述
情态动词讲解情态动词讲解11.1.表能力表能力.could.could 是是cancan的过去式的过去式,表示过去表示过去 2.表示表示“请求请求”“许可许可”(表请求时,口语中常用表请求时,口语中常用could代替代替can使语气更委婉,回使语气更委婉,回答时用答时用can)can与与could1)Someofuscanusethecomputernow,butwecouldntlastyear.2)Thenewly-builttheatrecanseat1500people.1)-Can/CouldIuseyourdictionary?-Yes,youcan.2)Youcanhavemyseat.Imgoingnow.3)Youcannottalkinclass.flash1.表能力.could是can的过去式,表示过去2.23.表示推测,意为表示推测,意为“可能可能”“或许或许”,常用于疑问句或否,常用于疑问句或否定句定句(could可以用于肯定句中可以用于肯定句中)1)Itcantbemyfather.HeisnowinEngland.2)-Canitraintomorrow?-No,itcant.3)WherecanIputmykey?4)Youcouldberight,butIdontthinkyouare.对过去的可能对过去的可能推测怎么说?推测怎么说?(不可能不可能)5)Hecant/couldnthavegonetoBeijing,forIsawhimjustnow.3.表示推测,意为“可能”“或许”,常用于疑问句或否定句13can和和beableto的用法区别的用法区别She_singthesonginEnglish.Thismachine_makeyoufeelcomfortable.1.can的主语是人或物的主语是人或物,beableto的主语是人的主语是人We_finishtheworksoon.I_seethefilmsofar.2.can只用于现在式和过去式只用于现在式和过去式(could)。beableto可以用可以用于各种时态。于各种时态。Sheranfastsothatshe_catchthebus.3.表示成功地做了某事时,只能表示成功地做了某事时,只能was/wereableto,不不能用能用could。He_fleeEuropebeforethewarbrokeout.can/isabletocanllbeabletohaventbeenabletocould/wasabletowasabletocan和beableto的用法区别She_4may与与might1.表示表示“许可许可”或或“请求请求”,有,有“可以可以”的意思,比的意思,比can正式。正式。口语中常用口语中常用might代代may,表示委婉语气。表示委婉语气。否定回答时常用否定回答时常用“mustnot”表表“禁止,阻止禁止,阻止”。1)-May/MightIwatchTVaftersupper?-Yes,youmay./Yes,please.(No,youmustnt.)2.表示可能性。表示可能性。意为意为“或许,可能或许,可能”常用于肯定句或否常用于肯定句或否定句中。定句中。might比比may可能性小。可能性小。1)Theymay/mightbeinthelibrarynow.2)Shemaynotknowthetruth.(或许不或许不,可能不,可能不)3)Shemay/mighthavegonehome.may与might表示“许可”或“请求”,有“可以”的意思53.may/mightwell+动词原形动词原形“完全可以,很有可能完全可以,很有可能”Youmay/mightaswellgoandhavealook.5.Mayyou+动词原形动词原形表表“希望、祝愿希望、祝愿”Mayyousucceed.4.may/mightaswell+动词原形动词原形“还是还是的好的好”Youmaywellbeproudofyourson.Heisexcellent.Mayyouhaveagoodjourney!Mayallyourdreamscometrue!3.may/mightwell+动词原形“完61.Acomputer_thinkforitself;itmustbetoldwhattodo.A.cantB.couldntC.maynotD.mightnot2.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone_getout.A.hadtoB.wouldC.couldD.wasabletoAD1.Acomputer_thinkfor73.Theywill_runthismachineontheirowninthreemonths.A.canB.couldC.mayD.beableto4.Thatbigcinema_seat2,000people.A.canB.shouldC.oughttoD.isabletoDA3.Theywill_runthism85.CouldIborrowyourdictionary?Yes,ofcourseyou_.A.mightB.willC.canD.should6.MightIwatchTVaftersupper?Yes,you_.A.mayB.mustC.mightD.couldCA5.CouldIborrowyourdicti97.Peter_comewithustonight,butheisntverysureyet.A.mustB.mayC.canD.will8.Somepeoplewhodontliketotalkmucharenotnecessarilyshy;theyjustbequietpeople.A.mustB.mayC.shouldD.would9.Liza_wellnotwanttogoonthetrip-shehatestraveling.(2008全国全国II)A.willB.canC.mustD.mayBBD7.Peter_comewithuston10may,might,can,could1.They(cannot/maynot)_stillbeout,forthelightisoninthehouse.2.You(cant/arentableto)_smokeonthebus.3.Withluck,tomorrow(can/could)_beacoolerday.4.You(can/might)_beright,butImgoingbacktocheckit.表示许可表示许可cantcould表示猜测表示猜测cannot表示猜测表示猜测(不可能不可能)might表示猜测表示猜测may,might,can,could1.They11will与与would2.疑问句中用于第二人称,表疑问句中用于第二人称,表“请求、建议请求、建议”等等would比用比用will委婉,客气些。委婉,客气些。1)Will/Wouldyou(please)lendmeyourbook?2)Wouldyoulikeacupoftea?3.will与与would用于表示主语的意志或意愿。用于表示主语的意志或意愿。will指现在,而指现在,而would指指过去。过去。1)Illneverdothatagain.2)Theysaidthattheywouldhelpus.1.作助动词表单纯的将来作助动词表单纯的将来,可用于各种人称。可用于各种人称。1)Iwilltellyousomethingimportanttomorrow.2)Hesaidthathewouldtellyousomethingimportantthenextday.will与would2.疑问句中用于第二人称,表“请求125.表示习惯性动作。表示习惯性动作。译作译作“总是、惯于总是、惯于”will指现在,指现在,would指过去。指过去。1)Thisoldmanisstrange.Hewillsitforhourswithoutsayinganything.2)Shewouldsitbywindow,deepinthought.4.表示表示推测推测,译作,译作“会,将会会,将会”Givehimtheapple.Hewilllikeit.6.与与not搭配,表拒绝,无可奈何之意搭配,表拒绝,无可奈何之意1)Thisdoorwontopen.2)Wepushedthecarbutitwouldntmove,notabit.5.表示习惯性动作。译作“总是、惯于”1)This131)PerhapsIshallpayavisittoEnglandthiswinter.shall1.作助动词表单纯的将来作助动词表单纯的将来,用于第一人称。用于第一人称。2.在疑问句中,用于提出建议、征求意见。在疑问句中,用于提出建议、征求意见。常用常用于一、三人称于一、三人称.1)Shallwebeginourdiscussion?2)Shallheuseyourpen?flash1)PerhapsIshallpayavisit143.用于二、三人称,表说话人的允诺,决心,警告,用于二、三人称,表说话人的允诺,决心,警告,命令命令,或威胁。或威胁。1)Youshallfailifyoudontworkharder.2)Youshallgetwhatyoudeserve.3)Heshallbepunishedifhebreakstherule.4)Nothingshallstopus.(警告)(警告)(允诺允诺)(威胁威胁)(决心决心)4.用在条约用在条约、规章规章、法令等文件中表示义务或规定。法令等文件中表示义务或规定。1)Nobodyshallgooutwithouttheteacherspermission.2)Candidatesshallremainintheirseatsuntilallthepapershavebeencollected.3.用于二、三人称,表说话人的允诺,决心,警告,命令,或威15should1.用于表义务、劝告、建议。用于表义务、劝告、建议。意为意为”应该、应当应该、应当”。(也可用(也可用oughtto,但但oughtto语气重)语气重)1)Youshould/oughttohelpyourmotherwiththehousework.2.表示可能性、推测、推论或期待表示可能性、推测、推论或期待,意为意为“可能、按理说、可能、按理说、该该”1)Its8oclocknow,heshouldbehereatany2)moment.2)Dinnershouldbereadybynow.2)Oneoughtnot(oughtnt)tocrossthestreetagainsttheredlight.3)Oughtwetodoitatonce?Yes,yououghtto.should用于表义务、劝告、建议。意为”应该、应当”。1163.表示意外或惊讶。意为表示意外或惊讶。意为“竟然会竟然会”1)Itsstrangethatheshouldbeabsent.2)Itseemedunbelievablethatheshouldhavedonesuchawickedthing.4.表示语气较强的假设。意为表示语气较强的假设。意为“万一万一”Ifthecarshouldbreakdownontheway,youwouldhavetowalkback.3.表示意外或惊讶。意为“竟然会”1)Itsstra171.Thisprinterisofgoodquality.Ifit_breakdownwithinthefirstyear,wewouldrepairitatourexpense.A.wouldB.shouldC.couldD.might2.Idontcarewhatpeoplethink.Well,you_A.couldB.wouldC.shouldD.might3.Whatdoyoumean,thereareonlytentickets?There_betwelve.A.shouldB.wouldC.willD.shallBCA1.Thisprinterisofgoodqua184.-Whatdoesthesignoverthereread?-“Noperson_smokeorcarryalightedcigarette,cigarorpipeinthisarea.”2007四川卷AwillBmayCshallD.must5.Whatsthename?Khulaifi._Ispellthatforyou?A.ShallB.WouldC.CanD.MightCA4.-Whatdoesthesignover19must1.表示义务或强烈的劝告,意为表示义务或强烈的劝告,意为“必须必须”“应该应该”,其否定式表示其否定式表示“不应该不应该”“不许可不许可”“不准不准”“禁止禁止”。(回答回答must所在的一般疑问句时,否定回答用所在的一般疑问句时,否定回答用“neednt”“donthaveto”.)1)Youmustfinishyourhomeworkfirst.2)Childrenmustntspeaklikethattotheirparents.3)-Mustwefinishtheworktomorrow?-No,youneednt/donthaveto,butyoumustfinishitinthreedays.flashmust1.表示义务或强烈的劝告,意为“必须”“应该”,1201)Bettymustbeinthenextroom.2)Hemustbejoking.3)Thereisnobodyhere.Theymusthavegonehome.2.must表推测,用于肯定句,意为表推测,用于肯定句,意为“一定一定”“准是准是”。1)WhymustitrainonSunday?3.must可表示可表示“偏要,硬要偏要,硬要”,指做令人不快的事,指做令人不快的事情或对某事的不满或责备等情绪。情或对某事的不满或责备等情绪。2)Mustyoumakesomuchnoise?1)Bettymustbeinthenextr211).IdontlikethisTVset.We_buyanewone.2).Therewasnomorebus.They_walkhome.表示表示“必须必须”这个意思时,这个意思时,must和和haveto稍稍有区别。有区别。must着重说明主观看法,着重说明主观看法,haveto强强调客观需要。另外,调客观需要。另外,haveto能用于更多时态。能用于更多时态。musthadtomust和和haveto1).IdontlikethisTVset.W221.Incrowdedplaceslikeairportsandrailwaystations,you_takecareofyourluggage.A.CanB.mustC.mayD.willB2.-Karl,look,its10oclock._youplaythepianosolate?A.CanB.MustC.MayD.WillB1.Incrowdedplaceslikeair231.We_smokehere,becausetheworkeriscarryingsomepetrol.2.Itisdangerous.You_leavetheroomimmediately.3.He_gohikingwithfriendsatweekendswhenyoung.4.-Writetomewhenyougethome.-I_.will,would,shall,should,must:mustntshould/mustwouldwill表示禁止表示禁止,不许可不许可表示建议表示建议,命令命令表示过去习惯表示过去习惯表示意愿表示意愿1.We_smokehere,beca245.-NeedIhandinmyexercisebookatonce?-Yes,you_.6.Youhavebeenworkingallday.You_beverytired.7.Itisalongtimesincewemetlasttime.You_comeandseeusmoreoften.8.Whydontyoutryonthisdress?It_lookniceonyou.mustmustshouldwill表示必须表示必须表示肯定猜测表示肯定猜测表示建议表示建议表示将会表示将会,一定会一定会5.-NeedIhandinmyexercis25NotsureVerysureHe_beintheclassroom.He_beintheclassroom.He_beintheclassroom.He_beintheclassroom.He_beintheclassroom.表推测的情态动词表推测的情态动词cancouldmaymightshouldmustmightmaycouldshouldmustNotsureVerysureHe_be26表示推测表示推测情态动词的重要用法情态动词的重要用法.肯定的推测肯定的推测可能的推测可能的推测否定的推测否定的推测疑问的推测疑问的推测must现在现在正在进行正在进行过去过去情态动词情态动词may,mightcant,couldntcan,could+V+bedoing.+havedone+V+bedoing.+havedone+V+bedoing.+havedone+V+bedoing.+havedone(可以用(可以用not表示表示“可能不可能不”)表示推测情态动词的重要用法.肯定的推测must271)-Who_themanovertherebe?-It_beourheadmaster.Hewearsglasses.2)-It_behim.HehasgonetoBeijing.-Thenit_beMrLi.Helooksliketheheadmaster.canmaycant/couldntmust1)-Who_themanoverth28注意:注意:must表示推测时,表示推测时,只能用于只能用于肯定句。肯定句。mustdomusthavedonemustbedoing对对一般时一般时的肯定推测的肯定推测对对现在的动作现在的动作进行肯定推测进行肯定推测对对过去发生的事情过去发生的事情作出的肯定判断作出的肯定判断注意:must表示推测时,只能用于肯定句。mustd29他们买了一辆新车。他们买了一辆新车。他们一定很有钱他们一定很有钱Theyhaveboughtanewcar.他现在一定在看小说他现在一定在看小说He_novelsnow路是湿的。昨天晚上一定下雨了路是湿的。昨天晚上一定下雨了。Theroadiswet.They_alotofmoneymusthavemustbereadingmusthaverained,dontthey?,isnthe?It_lastnight,didntit?他一定已经知道了。他一定已经知道了。He_itnowmusthaveknown,hasnthe?他们买了一辆新车。他们一定很有钱Theyhavebou301.Idontknowwheresheis,she_beinWuhan.2.Atthismoment,ourteacher_ourexampapers.这时,我们老师想必在批改试卷。这时,我们老师想必在批改试卷。3.Heknewit.He_thefilmlastnight.(see)4.Yourmother_foryou.你妈妈一定一直在找你。你妈妈一定一直在找你。may/mightmustbemarkingmusthaveseenmusthavebeenlooking1.Idontknowwheresheis,315.Philip_seriouslyinthecaraccident.菲利普可能在车祸中受了重伤菲利普可能在车祸中受了重伤.6.-Lindahasgonetowork,butherbicycleisstillhere.-She_(go)bybus.7.Mike_hiscar,forhecametoworkbybusthismorning.迈克一定还没有找回他的车,因为早上他是坐迈克一定还没有找回他的车,因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的。公共汽车来上班的。may(might)havebeenhurtmay(might)havegonecanthavefound5.Philip_32情态动词情态动词+havedone这是历年高考热点之一,这是历年高考热点之一,可表示可表示“推测、责备、怀疑推测、责备、怀疑”等多种意义。等多种意义。情态动词+havedone33表示对过去所发生事情的遗憾或责备表示对过去所发生事情的遗憾或责备1.should/oughttohavedone“过去本该做过去本该做”IreallyregrettedwastingthehourswhenIshouldhavestudiedhard,butitwastoolate.2.shouldnt/oughtnttohavedone“本不该做本不该做”ImverysorryforthewordsIshouldnthavesaidtoyouatthatmoment.表示对过去所发生事情的遗憾或责备1.should/ough34表示对过去所发生事情的遗憾或责备表示对过去所发生事情的遗憾或责备3.could/mighthavedone“本能够,本可以本能够,本可以”Icouldhavegothighermarksintheexam.Iwastoocareless.4.mighthavedone“本可能本可能”Tom,youshouldnthaveplayedwiththeknife.Youmighthavekilledyourself.表示对过去所发生事情的遗憾或责备3.could/might35You_heretotellmeaboutit.Ihaveknownit.-Didyoucometohelphimyesterdaymorning?-No.Iwasbusythen.AndI_.5.neednthavedone“原本不必做的事却做了原本不必做的事却做了”Yourhomeisnotfarfromyourschool,soyouneednthaveleftinsuchahurry.6.didntneedtodo/didnthavetodo“没有必要做,实际也没做没有必要做,实际也没做”Ididntneedtocleanthewindows.Mysisterdidit.neednthavecomedidntneedtoYou_hereto361.He_havecompletedhiswork;otherwise,hewouldntbeenjoyinghimselfbytheseaside.A.shouldB.must C.wouldntD.cant2.Hepaidforaseat,whenhe_haveenteredfree.A.could B.would C.must D.needBA1.He_havecompleted373.Asyouworkedlateyesterday,you_havecomethismorning.A.mayntB.cantC.mustntD.needntD4.Imsorry.I_atyoutheotherday.Forgetit.Iwasabitoutofcontrolmyself.A.shouldntshoutB.shouldnthaveshoutedC.mustntshoutD.mustnthaveshoutedB3.Asyouworkedlateyesterda385.Michael_beapoliceman,forhesmuchtooshort.A.needntB.cantC.shouldD.mayB6.-IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.-Oh,didyou?You_withBarbara.A.couldhavestayedB.couldstayC.wouldstayD.musthavestayedA5.Michael_beapoliceman,397.MysistermethimattheGrandTheateryesterdayafternoon,sohe_yourlecture.A.couldnthaveattendedB.neednthaveattendedC.mustnthaveattendedD.shouldnthaveattendedAA408.Whatapity!Consideringhisabilityandexperience,he_better.A.needhavedoneB.musthavedoneC.canhavedoneD.mighthavedone9.Althoughthis_soundlikeasimpletask,greatcareisneeded.A.mustB.mayC.shallD.shouldDB8.Whatapity!Consideringhi41dare1.dare作情态动词时,后接动词原形,主要用于否作情态动词时,后接动词原形,主要用于否定、疑问以及条件句中,有过去式定、疑问以及条件句中,有过去式(dared)。1)Shedare(d)notgooutalone.2)Howdareyousaythattoyourmother?1)Wemustdaretothink,tospeakandtoact.2)Shedoesntdare(to)speakbeforeabigaudience.3)Doesthelittlegirldare(to)dothatbyherself?flash2.dare作实义动词更常见,做实义动词后加不定式。作实义动词更常见,做实义动词后加不定式。但是在疑问句和否定句中,不定式符号但是在疑问句和否定句中,不定式符号“to”可省可省略。略。dare1.dare作情态动词时,后接动词原形,主要用于否42usedto1.表表“过去常常过去常常”,过去习惯或过去某一时期的状,过去习惯或过去某一时期的状况,但现在已不存在。况,但现在已不存在。1)Heusedtosmokealot,butnowhenolonger2)smokes.3)2)Thereusedtobeanappletreehere.1)DidyouusetogotothesameschoolasTom?2)=UsedyoutogotothesameschoolasTom?3)2)Iusednttogothere.=Ididntusetogothere.4)3)Sheusedtobeveryfat,didntshe?5)usedntshe?2.否定句、疑问句和反义疑问句中有两种形式。否定句、疑问句和反义疑问句中有两种形式。usedto1.表“过去常常”,过去习惯或过去某一时期43would与与usedto的区别的区别1.usedto可表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状可表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态,而态,而would只表示过去习惯性或重复性动作。只表示过去习惯性或重复性动作。2.usedto强调过去的行为与现在的对比,含有强调过去的行为与现在的对比,含有“过去如此而现在已经不这样了过去如此而现在已经不这样了”。would只表示只表示过去习惯性动作,没有对比的含义。过去习惯性动作,没有对比的含义。3.usedto可用于无人称句和存在句,而可用于无人称句和存在句,而would不可。不可。1)Peopleusedtobelievethesunmovesroundtheearth.2)2)Hewouldsitintheyardlisteningtotheradioevery3)evening.would与usedto的区别1.usedto可表44
展开阅读全文