计算机专业英语教案课件

ENGLISH FOR COMPUTER SCIENCE School of SoftwareUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of China任课教师任课教师陈娟陈娟博士（英国博士（英国Bradford大学）大学）电子科技大学讲师电子科技大学讲师研究方向：数字媒体处理研究方向：数字媒体处理考察方式：考察方式：（1 1）写一篇英文自我介绍（）写一篇英文自我介绍（200200个词以上）个词以上）（2 2）写一篇介绍计算机题材的论文（）写一篇介绍计算机题材的论文（500500个词以个词以上）上）注意事项：注意事项：缺缺1/31/3以上课程，不给成绩以上课程，不给成绩。抄袭将通不过抄袭将通不过。Word 2003Word 2003的电的电子档和打印后的纸质档，于最后一节课后提交。子档和打印后的纸质档，于最后一节课后提交。教学及考察方式教学及考察方式主要教学方式：主要教学方式：（1 1）通过阅读通俗计算机文献，来了解计算机专）通过阅读通俗计算机文献，来了解计算机专业词汇。业词汇。（2 2）课后的巩固练习。）课后的巩固练习。英文自我介绍英文自我介绍(Self-introduction)(Self-introduction)学习背景（学习背景（Education Background）工作经历（工作经历（Working Experiences）目前从事的工作或学习的概况（目前从事的工作或学习的概况（current work or study）兴趣和爱好（兴趣和爱好（interests and habits）工作、学习或生活方面的计划（工作、学习或生活方面的计划（Plan for future work,study or life）介绍计算机题材的论文介绍计算机题材的论文开发式题目：对开发式题目：对.的探讨的探讨Discussions on Internet/QQ charting tool/QQ games/Email box/database/network/software development/management system/介绍计算机题材的论文介绍计算机题材的论文选题的背景（选题的背景（Background）与你的工作、学习相关，是你感兴趣的方面与你的工作、学习相关，是你感兴趣的方面对该技术或软件的介绍（对该技术或软件的介绍（A brief introduction to）使用方法，功能，你的体验使用方法，功能，你的体验结论（结论（Conclusion）你对现有的技术或软件的评价，哪些地方需要你对现有的技术或软件的评价，哪些地方需要进一步改进进一步改进教学及考察方式教学及考察方式本门课的内容主要涉及：本门课的内容主要涉及：（1 1）有关计算机各大领域的通用英语词汇。如：）有关计算机各大领域的通用英语词汇。如：计算机结构、软件、数据库、网络、安全、多媒体计算机结构、软件、数据库、网络、安全、多媒体等。等。（2 2）常用科技英文数量表示法。如：数量、几何、）常用科技英文数量表示法。如：数量、几何、质量等。质量等。（3 3）常用科技英文概念描述法。如：定语、状语）常用科技英文概念描述法。如：定语、状语等从句。等从句。（4 4）网络时代常用科技英文及词汇翻译方法。如：）网络时代常用科技英文及词汇翻译方法。如：百度、百度、GoogleGoogle、维基百科、维基百科 WikipediaWikipedia。计算机英语实用教程计算机英语实用教程（第三版），刘兆毓，郑家农等编著，清华大学出版社，（第三版），刘兆毓，郑家农等编著，清华大学出版社，20062006计算机专业英语计算机专业英语，刘乃琦，电子科技大学出版社，刘乃琦，电子科技大学出版社，19981998CHAPTER 1PRINCIPLES OF COMPUTER ORGANIZATION 1.1 COMPUTER HARDWARE1.1 COMPUTER HARDWARE Main point:Function of computer Organization of computer Hardware Type of computer Main Performance of computer Expression of large or small quantities of space or time We build computer to solve problems.Early computer solved mathematical and engineering problems,and later computers emphasized information processing for business applications.Today,computers also control machines as diverse as automobile engines,robots,and microwave ovens.A computer system solves a problem from any of these domains by accepting input,processing it,and producing output.Figure 1-1 illustrates the function of a computer system.InputOutputProcessingFigure 1-1 The three activities of a computer system Computer systems consist of hardware and software.Hardware is the physical part of the system.Once designed,hardware is difficult and expensive to change.Software is the set of programs that instruct the hardware and is easier to modify than hardware.Computers are valuable because they are general-purpose machines that can solve many different kinds of problems,as opposed to special-purpose machines that can each solve only one kind of problem.原因状语从句原因状语从句定语从句定语从句状语状语定语从句定语从句?1 Explain the difference between general-purpose machines and special-purpose machines Point the purposes of computer Different problems can be solved with the same hardware by supplying the system with a different setof instructions,that is,with different software.Every computer has four basic hardware components:Input devices Output devices Main memory Central processing unit(CPU)Figure 1-2 shows these components in a block diagram.The lines between the blocks represent the flow of information flows from one component to another on the bus,which is simply a group of wires connecting the components.1 Processing occurs in the CPU and main memory.The organization in Figure 1-2,with the components connected to each other by the bus,is common.However,other configurations are possible as well.?2 How many components are used to build a computer?List them非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句 Computer hardware is often classified by its relative physical size:Small microcomputer;Medium minicomputer;Large mainframe.InputdevicesCentralprocessing unitMainmemoryOutputdevicesBusFig.1-2 Block diagram of the four components of a computer system Just the CPU of a mainframe often occupies an entire cabinet.Its input/output(I/O)devices and memory might fill an entire room.Microcomputers can be small enough to fit on a desk or in a briefcase.As technology advances,the amount of processing previously possible only on large machines becomes possible on smaller machines.Microcomputers now can do much of the work that only minicomputers or mainframes could do in the past.时间状语从句时间状语从句定语从句定语从句?3 Describe the classification of computers according to its physical size The classification just described is based on physical size as opposed to storage size.A computer system user is generally more concerned with storage size,because that is a more direct indication of the amount of useful work that the hardware can perform.原因状语从句原因状语从句定语从句定语从句Speed of computation is another characteristic that is important to the user.Generally speaking,users want a fast CPU and large amounts of storage,but a physically small machine for the I/O devices and main memory.When computer scientists study problems,therefore,they are concerned with space and time-the space necessaryinside a computer system to store a problem and the time required to solve it.They commonly use the metric prefixes of Table 1-1 to express large or small quantities of space or time.?4 What are Main performances of computer?.MultiplePrefixAbbrev.109giga-G106mega-M103kilo-K10-3milli-m 10-6micro-10-9nano-nTable 1-1 Prefixes for powers of 10.The International System of Units(SI，国际单位制，国际单位制)specifies a set of unit prefixes known as SI prefixes or metric prefixes (courtesy of wikipedia)国际单位制词头国际单位制词头 Example Suppose it takes 4.5 microseconds,also written 4.5 s,to transfer some information across the bus from one component to another.(a)How many seconds are required for the transfer?(b)How many transfers can take place during one minute?2 (a)A time of 4.5s is 4.510-6 from Table 1-1 or 0.000 004 5 s.(b)Because there are 60 seconds in one minute,the number of times the transfer can occur is(60 s)/(0.000 004 5 s/transfer)or 13 300 000 transfers.同位语同位语Note that since the original value was given with two significant figures,the result should not be given to more than two or three significant figures.宾语从句宾语从句 Table 1-1 shows that in the metric system the prefix kilo-is 1 000 and mega-is 1 000 000.But in computer science,a kilo-is 210 or 1024.The different between 1 000 and 1 024 is less than 3%,so you can think of a computer science kilo-as being about 1 000 even though it is a little more.The same applies to mega-and giga-,as in Table 1-2.This time,the approximation is a little worse,but for mega-it is still within 5%.宾语从句宾语从句结果状语从句结果状语从句让步状语从句让步状语从句Table 1-2 Computer science values of the large prefixes.Prefix Computer science value tera-240=1,099,511,627,776 DVD movies:250 giga-230=1,073,741,824 DVD:4G mega-220=1,048,576 camera picture:1-10M kilo-210=1,024 word,ppt,exel:10-500k?5 Remember prefixes for power of 10 in Table 1-1 NOTES 1 总线不仅仅是一组线缆，它还包括一些逻辑 电路。此处是一种形象说法，有关总线的概 念请见本章1.6节。2 因为没有给出总线宽度，故每次传送可以理 解为每秒钟或每分钟所传送的字节数、位数 等。NOTESKEYWORDS computer 计算机 information processing 信息处理 hardware 硬件 software 软件 program 程序 generalpurpose machine 通用（计算）机 specialpurpose machine 专用（计算）机 instruction 指令 set of instruction 指令集，指令系统 input device 输入设备 output device 输出设备 main memory 主存储器 central processing unit(CPU)中央处理器 bus 总线 microcomputer 微型计算机 Minicomputer 小型计算机 mainframe 主机，特大型机1.Multiple choices.1.Multiple choices.(1)When we store a problem into a computer (1)When we store a problem into a computer ,is necessary.is necessary.a.a.space space b.b.time time c.c.input device input device d.d.output device output device (2)Early computer solved (2)Early computer solved problems.problems.a.a.control control b.b.business applications business applications c.c.engineering engineering d.d.mathematical mathematical a,cc,dEXERCISES(3)(3)We We can can use use prefix prefix micro micro to to expressexpress .a.a.time metric time metric b.b.space metric space metric c.c.both time and space metrics both time and space metrics d.d.10 10-6-6(4)We can say a bus is simply(4)We can say a bus is simply .a.a.a group of wires a group of wires b.b.a wire a wire c.c.a a 8 8bit bit bus bus d.d.a a 16-bit 16-bit busbusa,da,c,d (5)A computer system user generally more (5)A computer system user generally more cares for cares for .a.a.physical size of the computer physical size of the computer b.b.storage size storage size c.c.speed of computation speed of computation d.d.efficiency of the computer efficiency of the computer (6)According to the physical size of computers we can classify the computers into .a.microcomputer b.minicomputer c.mainframe d.supercomputerb,c,da,b,c,d (7)Prefix“mega”used for computer science is .a.larger than 10106 6 b.smaller than 10106 6 c.equal to 22020 d.1 048 576 (8)The basic hardware components of any computer include .a.CPU b.main memory c.input devices d.output devices c,da,b,c,d