资源描述
译文：浅谈激发员工积极性的几点建议以可口可乐公司为例关键词：人力资源管理 薪酬 绩效摘要：人力资源管理部门作为公司协调运转部门，通过企业文化平台搭建、薪酬设计、绩效管理等一系列因素，充分调动员工的工作积极性，增强公司员工的凝聚力，谋得公司利益最大化。人力资源管理需以制度为支撑，以科学理念为主线，让员工拥有归属感。人力资源管理是一项融合管理技巧的综合学科。公司人力资源部门通过激发员工的工作积极性，达到员工自身成长，实现公司自身利益最大化。员工工作情绪直接决定员工工作效率，培养员工积极向上的情绪是人力资源管理核心环节。薪酬制度、绩效管理、企业文化情况，对员工积极性起到直接的作用。以可口可乐人力资源管理方案为例，阐述一下激发员工工作积极性的几点建议。一、可口可乐公司人力资源管理方案（一）建立完善的绩效考核体系1、从制度层面建立绩效考核体系可口可乐公司重视团队考核，制定周期性质的考核，包括季度、半年、年度考核这些常规性的考核机制。针对一些公司新项目，采取以项目为载体的年度考核。对考核标准执行量化标准，从工作成绩、工作能力多方面对员工开展绩效考核，同时将考核细则予以公示，确保考核流程公平、公正。2、 树立科学绩效管理观念观念决定行动力。科学的绩效管理，能够让公司员工对绩效管理，有一个清晰、明确的认识，能够激发其工作热情。可口可乐公司绩效管理理念，随时随地向员工传达，使之能够形成公司潜在的企业文化范畴。以马斯洛五个层次理论为基调，为员工量身打造成长计划，让员工看到自己的发展路径。第一层次基本生活需要，可口可乐公司为员工提供公平薪金、足够的休息时间，保证其正常需要。第二层次为安全需要，公司以优厚的福利待遇让其免去后顾之忧。第三，归属需要，公司开展一系列社交活动，满足其需求。第四，自尊和地位需要，公司公布个人工作成就、赞扬表现，使其社会价值得到广泛认可。第五，自我实现需求，公司为员工谋划事业成长之路，鼓励其成就。人才的知识和技能储备是相对的，唯有不断学习，才能与时俱进。人在公司之中工作，很大不仅仅是为了工资，而且也是为了学习。一个好的企业，要侧重于发展人才的能力，力求实现人才与公司的同步成长。唯有让人才真正发挥出才能，才能让人处于一种亢奋状态。企业应该为员工成长提供必备条件，通过竞争的方式，让员工获得持续不断的学习动力。可口可乐公司为员工制定了详细的个人发展机会，对员工近几年的工作路径进行规划，分析人才所需，给予每一个人才发挥才能的机会，给予每一个仁慈晋升的机会，是员工在公司工作中获得物质利益和精神世界的双重满足感。（二）合理薪酬设计留住人才二十一世纪是一个人才等于财富的时代，对于一个公司来说，留住人才才是最核心的人力资源管理内容。薪酬设计与员工积极性息息相关，是公司调控员工工作情绪的有利手段。可口可乐公司根据美国心理学家亚当斯的社会比较理论，合理确定公司员工薪酬。从内部整体公司薪酬来看，谋求内部公平；从行业趋势来看，谋求行业竞争。薪酬政策内部要确保实现一致性特征，这种分配机制完全建立在工作本身，而不是从事工作的某一个人的个人素质，在制定薪金的时候，要考虑工作内，或者此项工作所需要的技能复杂程度。在公司薪酬设计要与外部整体竞争环境相挂钩，不仅要与同类行业相比具有竞争性，而且在不同组织之间同样具有竞争力。在公司薪酬设计上，公司总部与员工进行有效沟通，使员工对薪酬决策程序有清晰认识，尊重每一个员工的要求。在现实生活中，之所以出现人才流失问题，薪酬因素过低或者不合理现象，加剧了人才流失进程。从经济学的角度上来说，人都是趋利性的，人工作的目的在很大程度上是为了经济效益，如果经济效益过低，很多人势必会选择跳槽，去谋求更多的经济利益。均衡性的薪酬制度是非常有危害性的。当干好和干坏是同等工资，当干多和干少是同等工资，工作效率必然会大幅度下滑，薪酬所启动的激励效用几乎为零，这样在公司内部极易形成恶性循环，长此以往，对于公司整体发展来说，都是非常不利的。企业的人才为企业做出了巨大贡献，但是却无法得到应有的奖励，无形中释放出一个错误的信号，那就是在企业工作薪酬高低与工作效率、工作能力无关，这种贡献与薪酬脱钩的现象，对于企业的发展是致命的。薪酬制度在某种程度上，体现为一种为员工提供晋升机会的空间，力求建立公平的竞争体系，对优秀员工实行弹性工作机制，减少一些不必要的条件限制。（三） 营造企业文化，增强员工归属感可口可乐公司承诺建立一个公平、有序、积极向上的环境，不断激发员工的创造力和工作积极性。可口可乐公司致力于打造全球的饮料文化，形成全方位的格局，116年来始终秉承着诚信经营的理念，获得员工的认可。对于不符合公司主流价值观念的员工行为，要采用教育和惩戒相结合的方式，及时校准员工与企业之间的价值观念的误差，唯有如此，才能解决这个问题,让员工对企业的文化和管理措施有一个清醒的认识。二、可口可乐公司人力资源管理方案优劣（一）管理方案优势一个好的人力资源管理方法，是通过调动员工的工资积极性，增强公司员工的凝聚力，实现公司利益最大化。可口可乐公司人力资源管理方案，侧重于从绩效考核、薪酬设计、企业文化三个层面，来增强公司员工凝聚力。该套方案优势在于综合利用了多种手段，以制度保证执行力，以企业文化为载体，软中有硬，让员工获得了内心的归属感。以人为本的核心文化理念，激发了员工的工作积极性。绩效力求发挥人的积极性，但是这并不等同于淘汰机制，持久而激烈的淘汰机制容易让员工产生抵触情绪和不稳定的工作心态，员工之间缺乏协作能力，取而代之的是团队戒备心理，这对于公司长久发展也是非常不利的。薪酬奖励包含物质奖励，但是并不等同于物质奖励，薪酬范围较广，包括福利待遇、晋升机制等方面内容。如果把薪酬奖励认作是单一的物质奖励，不仅增加了企业的经济成本压力，而且对企业员工的心理影响力会逐渐减弱。与此同时，公司可以为员工提供一些期货债券等薪酬奖励，使员工个人利益与企业利益紧密联系在一起，融为一体。无论是绩效考核体系还是薪酬设计，人为因素依然占据相当大的决定因素。在绩效考核中，考核者与被考核者不对等关系，势必会产生腐败和人情问题。薪酬设计要从多个方面予以考虑，与其他同行业企业薪酬相挂钩，避免人为主观臆断。（二）管理方案劣势可口可乐公司作为美国本土公司，其欧美文化氛围为主，与亚洲文化圈多有不协调之音。尊重员工，就要尊重员工所处文化的氛围，切不可把原本文化强行员工认可。每一个人生活环境和成长环境不同，这样就需要企业多了解员工内心所想，不能以公司文化强行推行，与此同时，企业要倡导世人普遍认可的主流文化以及企业相关产业文化，公司总部员工生活习惯、行为方式，只是个人行为，不可强行推广，否则会起到事与愿违的作用。以中国为例，我国主张人情和团队合作。可口可乐公司在进军中国本土化的过程中，必须熟悉中国传统文化的内涵，确保其获得健康发展。随着可口可乐公司逐步加快开拓市场脚步，在管理时要充分考虑到地缘关系，利用非正式组织的作用，从而能够达到员工自我管理、自我规范的管理模式。三、 完善可口可乐公司人力资源管理方案（一）以制度为支撑可口可乐公司人力资源管理方案，需要以强有力的执行者支撑，才能最大程度上激发员工的工作积极性。人情无处不在。以制度为开路先锋，能够有效摆脱公司人情问题。针对考核者和被考核者不对等关系，公司应当就考核细节予以明确公示，使考核者和被考核者明确细节。同时对考核者要建立完善监督机制，避免出现徇私舞弊现象。（二）多元化薪酬设计模式薪酬制定不应局限于传统薪酬设计方案。多元化的薪酬设计方案更能符合员工的利益。比如说在项目制定上，根据项目进展情况和项目效益，给予员工足够的薪酬奖励，能够有效提升整体工作积极性，这对于推进项目发展进程是是非常有帮助的。激发员工积极性只是一种手段，而不是目的。促进公司利益最大化才是最终目的。对于员工考核和薪酬设计，要树立科学管理理念，跳出员工管理的层面，站在公司管理高度，审核人力资源管理工作是否到位。（三）引入现代人力资源管理技术在人力资源管理过程中，要充分利用现代技术。信息化系统管理能够用最少的时间去记录人力资源管理常规数据，比如说员工人数、薪酬、考勤等数据。这些数据的应用能够全面反映出人力资源的真实状况，优化了管理层面。人力资源管理离不开员工。在制定任何一项人力资源管理措施的时候，需要对公司员工进行管理，了解员工内心真实动态，发挥人才的综合技能和水平，对员工进行配置，使其充分发挥人才的强项，为企业利益服务。对于任何一家公司来说，在管理员工的时候，需要找准切入点，这样才能找到与员工沟通的平台。（四） 分析人力资源管理成本问题 对于任何一个公司来说，无论是世界五百强企业还是中小企业，都应该让每一分钱充分发挥其价值。人力资源管理作为公司经营运转的部门之一，一方面要求能够尽可能提高工作效率，为企业带来效益，另一方面也要求尽可能减少管理成本，这才是最合理的人力资源管理模式。人力资源管理是一门复杂的学问，同时也是一门艺术，其借助绩效管理、薪酬管理、企业文化建设等诸多方面，为企业员工提供一个展示自我平台，激励公司员工不断提升个人技能，完成推动企业整体战略发展的目标。结束语：随着时代的发展和管理学科的进步，人力资源管理呈现出多种管理方式，日趋现代化，但是其核心内涵并没有改变。人力资源管理是一门管理学科和社会学科的综合，任何公司运转无不建立在人的基础上，只有充分调动发挥员工的积极性，才能为公司带来更多的经济效益。通常而言，人力资源除去现代化管理技术之外，其核心构成要素，即薪酬管理、绩效管理等方面。对于任何一个公司来说，其人力资源管理方案侧重点不同，这也是人力资源在众多企业中不同的表征。可口可乐公司是人力资源管理的一个佼佼者，其他企业可以借鉴其工作方法，但是切不可照搬工作方案。只有针对公司具体情况，翔实的制定工作方案，才能实现人力资源管理的目标。外文原文：Discussion on motivating the staff suggestions- to the Coca Cola company as an exampleIntroduction As the coordination department, human resources management organization bears the responsibility to arose the enthusiasm of the staff, enhance the cohesion of companys staff, seek to the maximum profit for the company,by building the enterprise culture platform, compensation design, performance management a series of factors. Human resource management is based on system as the support, sets up scientific concept as the main line, gives employees a sense of belonging.Compensation system, performance management, corporate culture, play a direct role in the enthusiasm of the staff. We will take Coca Cola human resource management scheme as an example, explain to the suggestions that can stimulate the enthusiasm of the staff .This chapter is consisted of performance reward program,advantage and disadvantage, suggestion Performance reward program is divided to two chapter,including performance system and reward system.I tell the advantage and disadvantage from two aspects . So is suggestion .Performance reward programCoca Cola company pays attention to the team assessment, makes periodic examination, such as conventional assessment mechanism including quarter, half, annual examination . Coca Cola company evaluation system is elastic. In accordance with some new projects, Coca Cola company takes the project as a carrier of the annual assessment.Coca Cola company quantifies a standard On the assessment standards, from the work performance, personal ability These aspects are staff performance evaluate, and show appraisal rules to the public, ensure that the assessment process fairness and justice.The idea decides action force. Scientific performance management, can give company staffs a clear understanding of the performance management, and arouse their work enthusiasm. Coca Cola company performance management concept, as far as possible to communicate the performance management anywhere, to form the companys potential enterprise culture. Based on five Maslow theory as the keynote, Coca Cola company make the growth plan for staff to tailor , allows employees to see their own development path. The first level is basic living needs. Coca Cola company provides a fair salary for the staff, enough time to rest, and ensure the normal needs. The second level is security needs, the company give stuffs generous benefits to get rid of any worry. Third level is the need to belong. The company launched a series of social activities to meet their needs. The fourth level is self-esteem and position need. Coca Cola company announced the achievements of individuals,and praised the performance to the public, so that its social value has been widely recognized. The fifth level is self-actualization needs. The company make plan of career development road for stuffs,and encourage them to achieve it.The knowledge and skills of personnel reserve is relative, everyone should keep learning, so that can keep pace with the times.Stuffs work in the company ,they ate not only for wages, but also to learn. A good business should focus on the development of the talents, and strive to achieve the synchronous growth of talent with the company. Only stuffs can play a real ability, that can let the stuffs in a state of excitement. The enterprise should provide the necessary conditions for staff development, let employee get continuous learning motivation,by competitive means. Coca Cola company show staff a detailed personal development opportunities, the staff know the work path planning in recent years .Manager analysis what talent needed, gives each a chance to play a talent, give each a kind promotion opportunities,so that the employees in the company get the double satisfaction of material benefit and spiritual world .Twenty-first Century is an era of talent and wealth ,talent is equal to the wealth. To a company, keeping talent is the core content of human resources management. Compensation design is related to employee positive closely , is the company control advantageous means to stimulate staff. According to the American psychologist Adams social comparison theory,Coca Cola company sets up reasonable and affirmatory company employee salary. In the view of company ,salary seek to internal equity; in the view of the industry trend, salary seek to industry competition. Salary policy must ensure the realization of the internal consistency of the distribution policy that fully established by the work itself, rather than personal qualities in the work, when setting up salaries policy , company must consider on the work, or the skills needed complex degree of the work . The salary design must be link to the external competitive environment.Salary design is not only competitive with similar comparison of industry , but also competitive between different organizations in the same position .When company sets up salary design, the company headquarters and staff should communicate effectively with ideas, so that it make the staff get clear understanding of the salaries decision-making procedures , Company headquarters should respect every employees requirement,avoid to reply no simply. In real life, appears the reason of brain drain is low compensation or unreasonable factors, what aggravate the brain drain process. In the view of perspective of economics, people are hasten interest sex, the purpose of the work is to get a great extent to economic benefits, if economic benefits too low, many people will choose to seek to new job, for getting more economic benefits. Balance compensation system is very dangerous(Liu Xin,2007). When do well and do badly is the same salary, when the stem and less is equal wages, work efficiency will glide substantially, the incentive effectiveness of the salary is almost zero, so the company is very easy to form vicious spiral, if going on like this,the overall development of the company, is very negative. The talents of the enterprise make enormous contribution, but cannot get due rewards, that will release of an error signal, which is the enterprise salary level is independent with work efficiency, the ability to work independent.The phenomenon, is fatal tor the development of enterprises .On a certain extent, The salary system is the space of a staff to provide opportunities for promotion , and strives to build a fair competitive system of excellent staff, and company provides flexible working mechanism, reduces the work limit.Coca Cola company is committed to establish a fair, orderly, and positive environment, stimulates the creativity of employees and the work enthusiasm. Coca Cola company is committed to create a global drink culture, form an omnidirectional pattern. uphold the integrity of business philosophy for 116 years, and obtain employee recognition.Company should adopt to the way of combining education and punishment, for employee behavior what is comply with the mainstream values , timely calibration between employees and enterprises to the values of the known, only in this way, we can solve this problem, give the staff of the enterprise culture and the management measures a sober knowledge.advantage and disadvantage A good method of human resource management, can help company to achieve the benefit maximization of the company by the mobilization of staff enthusiasm, enhancing the cohesion of the staff. Coca Cola company human resource management program, is focused on the performance assessment, compensation design, enterprise culture three aspects to enhance employee cohesive affinity. The advantage of scheme is taking advantage of a variety of means, with the system guarantee to the implementation of force, taking enterprise culture as a carrier, let employee get inner sense of belonging. The people-oriented core cultural concept, aroused the enthusiasm of the staff .Performance is strive to bring peoples initiative fully but it is not equal to elimination system, lasting and intense elimination system is easy to let employees produce emotional conflict and instability of the work attitude(Li jian,2005), and is lack of coordination among employees, replace with team defensive, Development of the company also is very adverse. Pay award contains material reward, but is not equivalent to the material rewards, salary range is wide, including welfare, promotion mechanism etc. If company regard the pay award as single material reward,it is not only increase the enterprises economic cost pressures, but also to the enterprise staffs psychological influence will gradually weaken. At the same time, the company can offer some futures bond, salary reward, make employee personal interests and business interests closely linked,.Regardless of the performance appraisal system and the salary design, human factors still occupies a significant determinant. In the view of performance appraisal, appraisal and the assessment is unequal , and bound to produce corruption and human issues. The salary design should be considered on various aspects.Especially salary design is linked to the other enterprises in the same industry remuneration designer should avoid subjective assumptions.Coca Cola company as a Native American companies, European and American culture is main, and that are different form Asian cultures .Company respect for employees, and should respect he cultural atmosphere of the staff , must not let the original culture force employee to admit, life environment and growth environment of each individual is different, so enterprises need to know more about employee mind, not to impose the company culture, at the same time, the enterprise must promote the universally recognized the mainstream culture and the culture relevant industry, living habits, behavior,is individual behavior, can not be forcibly extension, otherwise will play a role of getting the opposite effect. For example China, our country advocates favor and team cooperation. When Coca Cola company enter the Chinese localization process, must be familiar with the connotation of Chinese traditional culture, ensure its healthy development. As the Coca Cola company gradually accelerate the development pace of the market, the management should give full consideration on the relation of ground relationship, use informal organizations role, so as to realize the employees self management, self management mode(Stephen P Robbins.,2007).Suggestion To the system to supportCoca Cola company human resource management program, need to powerful executive support, to the greatest extent to stimulate the enthusiasm of the staff . Human issues everywhere. Taking system as the trailbreaker, can effectively get rid of company human rotten. In the assessment and the assessment to be unequal relationship, the company shall clearly make posted details of the assessment to the public. the assessment and the to be assessment should know the details(Li Ping,2005) . At the same time company should establish a perfect supervision system , avoid any commit irregularities phenomenon.A plurality of salary design patternThe compensation should not be confined to the traditional salary design. A plurality of compensation design should satisfy with the interests of employees. For example in project development, according to the progress of the project and the project benefit, company gives employees enough incentive, can effectively improve the overall enthusiasm for work, that is very helpful to promote the project development process .To stimulate the enthusiasm of the staff is only a means, not the aim. To promote the benefit maximization of the company is the ultimate goal. When manger thinks over employee performance evaluation and salary design, should set up the scientific management concept, jump out the staff management level, stand in the view of company management, audit work of human resources management .The introduction of modern human resource management technologyIn the process of human resources management, company should make full use of modern technology. Information system management can use the least time to record human resource management routine data, such as the number of employees, salary, attendance and other data. The application of these data is able to reflect the real situation of the human resources, optimize the management level. Human resource management cannot be away with the staff. When setting up any of the human resources management measures, should know the need of staff , understand their true inner dynamics, let them play the comprehensive skills ,staff at configuration, make it play the talents and strengths, for the enterprise benefit. To an any companies, employee management need to search to cut a point in time, ,so as to find communication platform with employee .For any company, no matter is the world 500top enterprises or small and medium-sized enterprises, we should make every penny to its full value. Human resource management as a the Department of business operation , not only can be as much as possible to improve work efficiency, bring benefit for the enterprise, but also as far as possible to reduce management cost, what is the most reasonable human resource management mode.For any company, no matter is the world 500top enterprises or small and medium-sized enterprises, we should make every penny to its full value. Human resource management as a the Department of business operation , not only can be as much as possible to improve work efficiency, bring benefit for the enterprise, but also as far as possible to reduce management cost, what is the most reasonable human resource management mode.Human resource management is a complicated knowledge, but also a subject of art, takes advantage of performance management, salary management, enterprise culture all aspects, provides a self-display platform for employees , motivates employees continuously improve personal skills, completes enterprise overall strategic development goals.Conclusion:Human resource management is a comprehensive integration discipline including management skills(Dong Ke,2007). The human resource department of the company by inspiring the enthusiasm of the staff, realizes staffs own development, achieves to maximize interests of the company. Employees emotion determines the efficiency of staff directly. Training positive mood of the staffs is the core factor of human resources management .with the development of the times and the progress of management, human resources management shows a variety of management, but its core connotation has not changed. Human resource management is a both of management discipline and social disciplines, any operation of the corporation is established on the basis of people, Stimulating the enthusiasm of the staff, can bring more economic benefits. Generally speaking, human resource provided modern management technology, namely,the core components are performance management, salary management. For any company, its human resources management scheme has different emphasis, and human resources in many enterprises in different characterization. Coca Cola company is a human resources management leader, other companies can learn from its working methods, but must not copy the work plan. Only according to the specific circumstances of the company, and establish the work plan, company can achieve the goal of human resource management.
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