Civil Rights Movement Begins

CopythisdownbeforewestartclasstodaynTuesday:Hwk:22.2body 1nWednesday:Hwk:22.3body 2nThursday:Hwk:22.4body 3nFriday:Civil Rights Testproof readKennedy ReadingnMonday:Kennedyany questions on DBQnTuesday:DBQ DueCivilRightsMovementBeginsPart ITime Line of EventsnClose to 1 million Black soldiers helped the Allies win during WWIInGiven new opportunities,better jobs,and more freedomnAfter war,Blacks still treated as 2nd class citizensnHolocaust in WWII viewed as evil(Crimes against humanity)nCold War(Communist leaders pointed out flaws in America)nInfluenced Americans to view themselvesnMany Americans to view treatment towards Blacks as wrongnThe case involved Homer Plessy,a black man who defied the laws of the land and sat in the white section of a railroad car.Plessy was initially fined$25,but he contested the decision all the way to the Supreme Court.The high court upheld the states separate but equal doctrine.Plessy vs.Ferguson allowed for Jim Crow laws to exist.This led to separate worlds for Blacks.Schools,restaurants,courthouses,bathrooms and even drinking fountains were also segregated.Although the 13th Amendment ban slavery,Blacks still lived in bonds.1948DesegregationoftheArmedForcesnPresident Truman issues an Executive Order integrating the armed forces.nMany said this couldnt be done.but during the Korean War(1951)blacks and whites fought alongside one another.Imagine you are a seven year old and have to walk one mile to a bus stop by walking through a railroad switching station and then waiting for a school bus to go to a black elementary school or a school where only African American children went.This is what happened to Linda Brown,an African American third grader from Topeka,Kansas,even though there was a white elementary school only seven blocks away.A white elementary school was a school where only white students were able to attend.For every$150.00 spent on white children at the white schools only$50.00 was spent on African American children at the black schools.The parents of the African American children thought that their school was not treated as fairly because they were colored.They did not have the most current textbooks,not enough school supplies,and overcrowded classrooms.1954WinsBrownv.BoardofEducationofTopeka,landmarkcasethatdemolisheslegalbasisfor segregation inAmericaDeclaredseparatebutequalunconstitutionalThurgood Marshall lawyer,Supreme Court Justice1955nEmmet Till Murdered in Money,MSnBody is almost unrecognizablenBody exhumed June of 2005 in order to do an autopsy to identify murderers.Rosa Parks courage led to the Montgomery Bus Boycott.MLK and others led a this protest of city buses that lasted 13 months.Later,the Supreme Court ruling banned segregation of the citys public transit vehicles went into effect.Dr.Martin Luther King,Jr eventually became leader of the Civil Rights movement after successfully leading the Montgomery Bus Boycott.Nonviolence is the greatest force at the disposal of mankind.It is mightier than the mightiest weapon of destruction devised by the ingenuity of man.Gandhiwasinevitable.Ifhumanityistoprogress,Gandhiisinescapable.Helived,thoughtandacted,inspiredbythevisionofhumanityevolvingtowardaworldofpeaceandharmony.”Dr.KingGreensboro,North Carolina is where all the sit-ins beganMany others followedPolice use dogs to quell civil unrest in Birmingham,Ala.,in May 1963.Birminghams police commissioner Bull Connor also allowed fire hoses to be turned on young civil rights demonstrators.These measures set off a backlash of sentiment that rejuvenated the civil rights movement.We cannot solve this problem with retaliatory violence,King tells the crowd calmly.We must meet violence with nonviolence.DifferentGroupsnSouthern Christian Leadership Conference(SCLC):headed by MLK Jr.nStudent Nonviolent Coordinating Committee(SNCC):begins with college kidsnNational Association for the Advancement of Colored People(NAACP)nCongress of Racial Equality(CORE)1957nLittle Rock ArkansasAn attempt was made to integrate Central High School with 9 black students.National Guard called in.Soldiers“protected”the black students.CrisisinLittleRocknFederal Govt.can make states follow rulesn9 students are to be admitted to schoolnGov.protests and federal troops have to be sent in to make Arkansas follow the lawnTroops remain there all year and escort students to classnEisenhower did little to fight the battle furtherKennedyandCivilRightsnKennedy is afraid of losing southern supportnFreedom Riders head southnSons of rich wealthy important people of the northnKennedy sends help and brings more federal actions against the deep southThe first group of Freedom Riders,with the intent of integrating interstate buses,left Washington,D.C.by Greyhound bus in early May 1961.James Meredith,center,was the first African American college student accepted by the University of Mississippi.His attendance provoked riots.Here he is escorted to class by U.S.marshals and troops.Oct.2,1962.1963nSNCC turns to violence led by H.Rap Brown and Stokely CarmichaelnMarch on Washington n“I Have a Dream”Speech by King,Jr.nKennedy proposes a Civil Rights Bill prohibiting discrimination/LBJ passes it in 1964 and follows with a VRA in 65nAssassinations-Medgar Evers,NAACP-President John F.KennedyTheRev.MartinLutherKingJr.acknowledgesthecrowdattheLincolnMemorialforhisI Have a DreamspeechduringamarchonWashington,D.C.,onAug.28,1963.About250,000peopleattendedthemarchtourgesupportforimpendingcivil-rightslegislation.Freedom Summer was a highly publicized campaign in the Deep South to register blacks to vote during the summer of 1964.During the summer of 1964,thousands of civil rights activists,many of them white college students from the North,descended on Mississippi and other Southern states to try to end the long-time political disenfranchisement of African Americans in the region.Three students(two white and one Three students(two white and one black)are killed by the KKK for this black)are killed by the KKK for this activity;the movie,“Mississippi activity;the movie,“Mississippi Burning”commemorates this event.Burning”commemorates this event.1964BirminghamALnKing leads a march of 3,300 people in the most segregated city in America and is arrested(nicknamed“Bombingham”)nWrites“Letter from Birmingham Jail,”King justified civil disobedience by saying that without forceful action,true civil rights would never be achieved.Direct action is justified in the face of unjust laws.ImportantstepinensuringequalrightsforminoritiesGuaranteed equalaccesstopublicaccommodations,suchashotels.DisallowedunfairvoterregistrationrequirementsChallengedemployersoverdiscriminationinhiringandemploymentDemandedthatschoolsstopdiscrimination.WattsRiot(LosAngeles)1965nRiots by African-Americans lasted for six days,leaving 34 dead,over a thousand people injured,nearly 4,000 arrested,and hundreds of buildings destroyed nCause?State and local areas reacted too slowly or blocked the enactment of the CRA 64nConclusion:riots werent the act of thugs,but rather symptomatic of much deeper problems:the high jobless rate in the inner city,poor housing,bad schools AssassinationsMalcolm X (1965)Martin Luther King,Jr.1968Robert Kennedy 1968Hosea Williams(left),Jesse Jackson,Dr.Martin Luther King Jr.,Rev.Ralph David Abernathy on the balcony of the Lorraine Motel in Memphis hotel,a day before Kings assassination on April 3,1968.Black,white,young and old sang We Shall Overcome as they marched down Denny Way to the Seattle Center to honor Dr.Martin Luther King Jr.,who had been felled by an assassins bullet.The crowd was estimated at 10,000.April 7,1968.DBQ1.Document _#_2.Explanation:3.How does it support/refute the philosophy of Martin Luther King Jr.?4.How does it support/refute philosophy of Malcolm X?5.What data/supporting evidence does it go with?GroupthedocumentsnVisual Introduction Document 1nView of Integration Documents 2&3nEducation Documents 4&5nEconomic Tactics-Documents 6&7nViolence(pros&cons)Documents 8&9 ThesisStatement:WhosephilosophymadethemostsenseforAmerica?n Martin Luther King Jr.s or Malcolm Xs philosophy made the most sense for America due to 1)_,2)_ and 3)_.