大学英语自学教程U

Unit03: The Atlantic Ocean本课简介The Atlantic Ocean向读者介绍了有关大西洋的情况。我们可以了解航行大西洋的过去和现在，也可以了解大西洋“制造”出来的世界之最。 Vocabulary 1. unwilling adj.不情愿的，不愿意的；勉强的she is unwilling to share anything with others.（她不愿意与他人分享任何东西。） He was unwilling to give up halfway even though there might be more difficulties ahead.（尽管前面可能有许多困难，但他不愿意中途放弃。）They got some unwilling assistance from the local government.（地方政府勉强给了他们一些协助。）2. equator n.赤道3. bulge n.不规则突起；鼓起之处；（突然）上涨，增多 v.使膨胀；塞满Between the bulge of South America and the bulge of Africa lies the narrowest place of the Atlantic Ocean. （大西洋的最狭窄处位于南美洲的突起处和非洲的突起处之间。）The graph shows a bulge in the birth rate in the year of dragon.（图表显示龙年出生率的暴增。）4. unusual adj. 少有的；不寻常的；与众不同的，独特的 It was not unusual for him to work very late every night.（每天工作到深夜对他来说是很平常的事。5. salty adj. 咸的，含盐的 salt n. 盐；风趣 v. 用盐调味；用盐腌；撒盐于道路上He didnt have much for dinner as the dishes were too salty.（他晚餐吃的不多，因为菜太咸了。）It took them a long time to salt the main roads.（他们花了好长时间才在主要公路上撒上盐。）grind salt in sb.s wounds 在某人伤口上撒盐，使某人痛上加痛with a grain of salt半信半疑地Salt Lake City盐湖城（美国尤他州州府）请注意：形容词salty是由名词 salt加形容词后缀 -y构成的。这样的形容词在英语中还有很多，如：windy，snowy，rainy，cloudy，sunny，funny，muddy，foggy 6. average n. 平均数，平均 adj. 平均的；平常的，普通的 v. 平均The average of 5，7 and 9 is 7. （5，7，9的平均数是7.）The average temperature yesterday was below zero.（昨天的平均气温在零度以下。）He is an average student in his class.（他是班上的一般学生。）7. spot n.地点，处所；点，斑点 v. 点缀；认出；准确定位 adj. 当场作出的；现付的She toured many scenic spots during the holiday.（假日里她游览了许多风景胜地。）She told us the exact spot where the accident happened.（她把事故发生的准确地点告诉了我们）His shoes are spotted with mud.（他的鞋子上有泥渍。）She is so special， you can spot her in the crowd easily.（她很特别，你在人群中能一眼认出她来。）She was urged to make a spot decision.（她被催促当场做决定。）on the spot当场，在现场in a spot在困境中，在窘境中put sb. on the spot使某人处于难堪地位put ones finger on sbs weak spot指出某人性格上的弱点spot check抽样检查spot survey 抽样调查 spotlight聚光灯；汽车上的反光灯；公众注意中心spot news现场报道的新闻spot price 现货价 8. range n. 山脉；幅度，范围 v.（在某范围内）变动，变化；把排列成行medium-range missile中程导弹wide range of interests兴趣广泛at close range接近地in/within range在射程内9. peak n. 山峰；顶点The mountain peak is covered with snow all the year.（山峰终年积雪。）His career is at its peak .（他的事业正处于鼎盛时期）10. vessel n. 船，舰；容器，器皿 an ocean-going vessel远洋轮11. crew n. 全体船员，全体机务人员The crew was （were） annoyed at the captains decision.（船员们对船长的决定感到恼火。）The aircraft has a crew of 6.（这架飞机有6名机组人员。）12. becalm v.（常用被动语态）（指帆船）因无风而停止前进He was becalmed for a whole week north of the island.（他在海岛北面因无风而停泊了整整一周。）13. gulf n. 海湾；隔阂；鸿沟 The quarrel left a gulf between the two close friends.（那场争吵在两位好友间造成了隔阂。）the Gulf of Mexico墨西哥湾Gulf Stream湾流，墨西哥湾流 14. stream n. 小河，溪流 v. 流，涌Tears streamed down her cheeks when she heard the news.（当她听到那个消息时，泪水顺着脸颊流了下来。）15. current n. （空气，水等的）流，潮流；电流；倾向 adj. 当前的，通行的The child had been swept away by the current.（孩子被水流卷走了。）Mass media influence the current of public opinion.（大众传媒影响舆论的倾向。）Give me a current issue of Readers Digest.（给我一本最近一期的读者文摘）current events时事 current situation当前形势16. affect v. 影响；打动；（疾病）侵袭 effect n. 效果；作用，影响；no effects无存款（银行在空头支票上的批语）be of no effect无效bring sth. to effect实行，实施in effect实际上take effect见效；生效17. climate n. 气候weather n. 天气18. flow n. 流 v. 流动The doctor stopped the flow of blood. （医生把血止住了。） 19. furnish v. 供应，提供；装备，（用家具）布置20. highway n. 公路； （水陆）交通干线21. float v.（使）漂浮 Text Analysis1. The Atlantic Ocean is one of the oceans that separate the Old World from the New. 在表示河流，海洋，群岛，沙漠等地理名称的名词前，以及以复数形式出现的国名前要用定冠词，例如：the Yellow River（黄河），the Pacific Ocean（太平洋）, the Philippines （菲列宾）在表示某一座山，岛屿或某一个湖时不用定冠词，例如：Yellow Mountain（黄山），Lake Erie（伊利湖），Hainan Island（海南岛）separate from是常用词组，在句子中的意思是“（使）分离，（使）分开”，请翻译下面的句子：英吉利海峡把英法两国隔开。（The English Channel separates England from France.）the Old world指欧，亚，非三洲，有时仅指欧洲。the New （World） 指哥伦布发现的美洲大陆。2. For centuries it kept the Americas from being discovered by the people of Europe. keep from doing 是习惯用法，意思是“使不”。例如：It is really not easy to keep Father from smoking.（要使父亲不抽烟真不容易。）3. Many wrong ideas about the Atlantic made early sailors unwilling to sail far out into it. make sb. unwilling to do sth. 意为“使得某人不愿做某事”。例如：His indifference to work made everybody unwilling to cooperate with him.（他对工作的冷漠态度使得所有的人都不愿与他合作。）主语动词宾语补语（SVOC）的句型在课本第二单元的语法中已有较详细的论述。 4. One idea was that it reached out to “the edge of the world”。 Another idea was that at the equator the ocean would be boiling hot.这两个都是表语从句和主句中的系动词连用的句子。结构为：主语系动词表语从句。 例句：My idea is that we contact him as soon as possible.（我的想法是我们应该尽快跟他联系。）reached out：伸出, 伸展 Reached out an arm. 伸出一只手臂 请注意辨析another 和other：another由 another构成，只和单数可数名词连用。other可用于所有名词前。another单数名词表示不定的“另一个”，the other单数可数名词表示特指的“另一个”。boiling hot意思是“滚热的，酷热的”。此处的boiling不是形容词而是副词，表示热的程度，修饰hot. 5. Sailors were afraid that they might sail right off the earth.此句中，that引导的名词从句做宾语。 6. The Atlantic Ocean is only half as big as the Pacific，在第一单元中我们讨论过副词的同等比较。本句中as big as 则是形容词的同等比较。在这类句子中，可以有表示程度的状语。例如：This book is not half as interesting as that one.（这本书还不如那本书一半有趣。）7. But suppose（that） no more rain fell into it and no more water was brought to it by rivers.suppose 常常做动词用，意思是“假定；猜想；认为”。例如： I suppose he is very nervous.（我猜想他很紧张。）在本句中suppose（也可以用supposing）是一个连词，意思是“假设（= if）；假使结果会怎么样”。例如：Suppose he is ill， what shall we do？（假如他病了，我们怎么办？）8. It would take the ocean about 4000 years to dry up.it takes （sb.） some time to do sth. 是很常用的一个句型。例如：1） 我骑自行车到学校要花半小时。（It takes me half an hour to get to school by bike.）2） 他花了两个星期时间才看完那本书。（It took him two weeks to finish reading that book.）9. On the average the water is a little more than two miles deep， but in places it is much deeper.on the average在句子中的意思是“平均而言”。a little 在句子中修饰more，表示程度，意思是“一点儿，稍许”。much在句子中修饰deeper，也表示程度，加强形容词比较级，意思是“多”。 10. This “deep” measures 30，246 feetalmost 6 miles （9.6km）。本句中的deep做名词用，意思是“深处”，“海渊”（水深超过3000英里）。measure 在句子中做动词用，意思是“测量”，“有深”。 11. One of the longest mountain ranges of the world rises from the floor of the Atlantic. 本句中的 longest与课文前几段中出现的narrowest，saltiest，deepest一样，都是形容词的最高级形式。因为这几个词是单音节词或是以元音结尾的双音节词，所以，最高级的构成是在词尾加-est.对于大部分两个音节以上的形容词，最高级的构成是在形容词前面加most. rise 是一个不及物动词，在句子中的意思是“升起；隆起”。 1） rise 不及物动词 （起立；上升，高耸；浮现）The old lady rose to her feet when she heard the doorbell.The tower rises to a height of 70 feet.An idea rises in my mind.2） raise 及物动词 （举起；养育；提高；召集）If you have any questions， please raise your hands. When Father was in the army， Mother had a hard time raising three children.The management promised to raise the workers salary after the negotiation.He failed to raise the money for his fathers heart operation.3） arise 不及物动词 （升起；出现；由引起）Heavy smoke arose beyond the mountain.New problems arise when old ones are solved.4） arouse 及物动词 （唤醒；激起，引起）The noise outside aroused him from sleep.floor在句子中的意思是“海底”。在其他语言环境中，floor当然有其他的意思。如；1） He lives on the seventh floor.（他住在7楼。）2） The wood floor gives a feeling of warmth in the winter.（冬天时，木地板给我温暖的感觉。）3） He was given the floor at the meeting.（他在会上得到了发言权。） 12. Several hundred miles eastward from Florida there is a part of the ocean called the Sargasso Sea.called the Sargasso Sea 是修饰ocean的定语从句，在其前省去了which is.13. In the days of sailing vessels the crew were afraid they would be becalmed here. Sometimes they were.crew是一个集合名词，指“全体船员”，后面的谓语动词可以用单数也可以用复数，此句中谓语动词用的是复数were，因为从句子中可以推断出是许多vessels（船）上的船员。Sometimes they were.句子中省略becalmed.14. The Atlantic furnishes much food for the people on its shores.furnish sth for sb. 意思是“为提供”，我们同样可以用furnish sb. with sth.来表达这个意思。本课主要词组及句型词组： 1. separate from 2. keep sb. from doing sth3. be unwilling to do sth. 4. between A and B5. make sth unusual 6. sothat7. dry up 8. on the average9. rise from 10. furnish sth for sb.11. pile up 12. fromto 句型： A.定语从句：1） The Atlantic is one of the oceans that separate the Old World from the New.2） Ocean currents affect the climates of the land near which they flow. B.表语从句：1） One idea was that it reached out to “the edge of the world”。2） Another idea was that at the equator the ocean would be boiling hot.C.结果状语从句：1） There is so much water in the Atlantic that it is hard to imagine how much there is.2） We now have such fast ways of travelling that this big ocean seems to have grown smaller.D.形容词的比较级和最高级：1)The Atlantic is only half as big as the Pacific， but still it is very large.2)It is more than 4，000 miles wide where Columbus crossed it.3) Even at its narrowest it is about 2，000 miles wide. 4)Also， it is the worlds saltiest ocean.5) The deepest spot is near Puerto Rico. E be one of复数名词The Atlantic Ocean is one of the oceans that separate the Old World from the New. F it takes sb. some time to do sth.It would take the ocean about 4，000 years to dry up. 1.地理名称1.（七）大洲和（四）大洋Asia （亚洲）Europe（欧洲） Africa（非洲）North America（北美洲）South America（南美洲） Oceania （大洋洲）the Antarctic（南极洲）The Atlantic（大西洋） the Pacific（太平洋）the Indian（印度洋） the Arctic（北冰洋）2.常用词continent （大陆） continental shelf（大陆架）subcontinent（次大陆） volcano（火山）iceberg（冰山）mountain range（山脉）delta （三角洲） waterfall（瀑布）gulf（海湾）straits channel（海峡） coast line （海岸线）beach（海滩）gulf（海湾） Text B The Moon1. tie to（与联系在一起；使束缚于）2. except for（除了之外）Your composition is well written except for some spelling mistakes.（除了几处拼写错误，你的文章写的不错）3. be near to（靠近）4. face towards（朝向）5. keepin mind（把记在心里）6. light up（变亮；使容光焕发）7. reflect（反射）8. enough for sb. to do sth.（足以让某人做某事）The room is big enough for us to have a dancing party.（这间房够大了，我们可以在里面开舞会。）9. speak of（提到，说起） 10. otherwise（不然；另外的）11. nothing but（仅仅，除了之外没有什么）There is nothing but a piece of bread in the cupboard.（食橱里除了一片面包什么也没有。） 语法讲解： 构词法（派生法，合成法，转换法） 派生法： 通过加前后缀构成新词（常见名词，形容词，副词和动词的 后缀，反 义前缀及其他含义的前缀） 合成法：两个获两个以上的单词合成一个新词转换法：词形不变，词性转化参照课本第80页巩固练习： 1 各种各样的：adj. various2 诚实：n. honest3 操作员：n. operator4 想象力：n. imagination5 消除：v. remove6 失败：n. failure 7 普遍的：adj. widespread8 独立的：adj. independent9 农业的：adj. agricultural10频繁地：adv. Frequently