短文听力答题技巧.ppt

2020/11/19 Business English Translation 1 CET-4 短文理解 重两头轻中间。 西方人说话时喜欢单刀直入、开门见山，所以往往一篇文章的 开 头就是全文的主题句 ，即便不是主题句，也会包含很多信息，理 解这些信息有利于考 生把握整篇文章。而结尾部分通常又是文章 的总结句，概括和归纳了全文的中心。所以考生在听这部分的录 音时，一定要抓住文章的开头和结尾。 注意标志性细节。 听力材料中出现的 时间、数字、地点 等信息以及表示 原因和转折关系的词汇和句子经常是标志性的出题点 所在。所以，考生在听的时候要特别留意这些细节， 做好笔记。 2020/11/19 Business English Translation 2 Part II短文听力题 一文章类型 1介绍性 （ 1） 讲故事 （ 2） 说明性 对现实 生活的影响 2讨论性 conclusion说出一 个结论 3. 对比性 my opinion.讲述我 的观点 2020/11/19 Business English Translation 3 三解题步骤 1听之前看选项 1)看选项长短 2)找出选项中的相同词 以便确 定文章的内容和范围 3)找数字题 年代，时间，数目， 金钱（听到什么选什么） 注意：在第一部分短对话中，听到 什么不选什么，一般都要通过运算 才能的出正确结论。这一点与段子 题刚好相反。 2020/11/19 Business English Translation 4 2抓两头 1)听到结尾 回忆结尾的 一两句话 2)重复词 (重复出现的词就是 文章所讲述的重点内容 )，同 时提示文章快要结束了 3)As a result, so , therefore, thus均提示文章快要结束了 2020/11/19 Business English Translation 5 做题原则： 听到什么选什么。 1、适合边听边看选项：选项 短，问的是细节题，问题的顺 序与行文顺序一致。 2、集中精力听完文章：选 项长，主线题，问的是中心思 想。 2020/11/19 Business English Translation 6 3中间抓小词 1)要牢记以下七个小词： first, most , because出现， 99%会 出考题 only, just也会出考题 but, however也会出考题 2)常考的逻辑关系： 并列： and 因果： because 转折： but , however 递进： the more ,the more 让步： despite, although, though 2020/11/19 Business English Translation 7 用常识猜题： 正常思维推理。 Section B的短文叙述的都是客观的 事实。 针对事实性的文章，我 们应学会运用常识来推出正确 选项。 2020/11/19 Business English Translation 8 文章开头抓名词，名词概念为文章讨论的 对象。如一题中问： What is the topic of this talk? 选项中找 electric car。 What is the advantage of the electric car over the traditional gas-fueled car? 我们不需要对段 子听得很清楚就可以轻易地想出答案：没 污染！比如： silk。再比如问：如果南极洲 的冰帽融化，将对地球产生什么影响？ What will happen if the ice cap of Antarctica melts? 我们立即会想到海平面 会上升！所以，听段子时，我们需要客观 冷静。有时，要跳出原文来客观地审视考 题 。 2020/11/19 Business English Translation 9 4.补救措施 如果没听清楚文章内容，就必 须听清楚题目问什么，然后用 common sense常识来判断正 误 2020/11/19 Business English Translation 10 四题型 1）主观态度题：讲 facts,选正 态度（就是说，选一个积极的， 赞扬的，好的态度） Whats the speakers attitude toward sth? Whats the speakers impression of sth? 主观态度题常常不会考太过细致的 选项（就是说，说得太精确的选项 一般都是用来迷惑人的） 2020/11/19 Business English Translation 11 考题特点：选项出现四个 形容词。 解题方向： Speaker的态度反映在 文中的形容词或副词。 注重 fortunately, luckily, unfortunately 这样的具感情色彩的词 。但凡听力 中的段子， Speaker对于谈论的对 象，不论是人物还是事物，都可能 有双向评论。但在 CET听力中，如 果未能听出态度方向。只要选正态 度就可以了！因为反驳的文章要比 介绍性的文章复杂的多。典型的段 子往往会说一个人对人类社会，或 对某一团体有着伟大的贡献。或叙 述某个组织，某个机构有创新性的， 划时代意义的活动。 2020/11/19 Business English Translation 12 2、客观题 比如数字题。 （问： 时间，多少，年代） 问： When; How many.; How much? 在 Section A中的数字题的对策是 听到什么不选取什么，即把听到的数字在 选项中要排除掉， 因为 Section A这部分要考察对数字的进一步运算能力。你 听到的一定是原始数据，而不是最终结果（正确选项）。 但是，在 Section B的短文中 ，对策完全要反过来。 即听到哪个数字就要选那个数字。短文中的数字不考运算。 考题特点： 比较明显。 选项都有数字（或年代，或时间等）。 解题对策： 听题前第一步看选项时，如果看到数字题，把笔入 在此题处，随时准备记录。听到什么，选什么。如有两个数字出 现。先都记下来。在听问题时再进一步排除 2020/11/19 Business English Translation 13 2）中心思想题 Whats the passage mainly talking about? Whats the main idea of this passage? Whats the topic of this passage? 当这些词出现在中心思想题中时， 选项常为正确： development . evolution进化，演 化（缓慢的过程）， formation形 成过程， effects, and 2020/11/19 Business English Translation 14 Questions 14 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard. 14. Why is Toluker prison called an open prison? 考开头 15. What is the essential characteristic of Toluker prison? 考结尾 “ Because” 16. How long did Barb Crook stay in the Toluker prison? 客观数字题 17. What is the speakers attitude toward this type of prison? 态度方向题 注： work 起作用。同义词 help； do some good； do any good。 注： 1. gonna = going to 2. wanna = want to 2020/11/19 Business English Translation 15 3、宏观题 宏观题考察文章的整体思想把握， 即中心思想题（ Main idea/ Topic题）。 一篇文章的首尾是这篇文章的灵魂， 体现 Speaker的观点。 考题特点： What is the passage mainly about? What is the passage talking about? What is the main idea of this talk? 等。 解题对策：对于中心思想题。我们 可以从三方面来把握。 2020/11/19 Business English Translation 16 一、从选项入手。 选项中出 现的多次重复的词一定是中心词 （ Key word），正确的 main idea选项 应该包括，围绕这个中心词来叙述。 二、从段子入手， 要特别注 意文章的两头。尤其是文章的开始两 个句子最重要。开头一定出考题！具 体需要听的是文章开头的名词。选答 案时要优先选含有该名词的选项。 三、从段子后面的问题 入手。 这样也可以提供中心词的线 索。大多数的考题都问及的词一定就 是此段的中心词。 2020/11/19 Business English Translation 17 线索词： （ 1）段子开头的名词 （ 2）文章中间的高频词 （ 3）选项中有如下小词出现： development； evolution； formation； new； effect； and。 2020/11/19 Business English Translation 18 paraphrase替换题 1)词组与词的替换 cancel= call off late /delay=behind schedule 2)词与词的替换 a.同义词 interesting=stimulating=fasci nating=exciting b.反义词 2020/11/19 Business English Translation 19 口语中常用短语： 1. mess 脏乱 His dormitory is in a big mess. 2. meet = come across = run into = bang into 遇见。 happen to meet 恰巧碰到 3. 与动词搭配使用最多的是 out，因为 out代表一种极端的状 态，很彻底 。 2020/11/19 Business English Translation 20 run out of 用完了 check out 借书；办理出院手续；彻底 检查；退房（ check in 开房）；结帐离开 wear out 穿破 be worn out （物）破旧；（人） 疲惫 make out 辨认出 figure out 想清楚，弄明白 She has a figure that kills. 身材很棒。 She has a face that kills. 长得非常漂亮 2020/11/19 Business English Translation 21 work out 想清楚，弄明白，解 决问题；（ gym场景）拼命锻炼 help out 帮个大忙 find out 打听，查明真相 dine out 外出吃饭，下馆子 cook out 在外野餐 hang out 闲逛 turn out (to be) 事实证明 2020/11/19 Business English Translation 22 A) He cant find his new apartment. B) He had a bigger apartment before. C) He finds the new apartment too big for him. D) Hes having a hard time finding an apartment. W: How do you find your new apartment? M: Well, its quite nice really, although I have a hard time getting used to living in a big place. Q: What is the mans problem? 2020/11/19 Business English Translation 23 注 1. dormitory 宿舍 apartment 公寓 laboratory secretary 房子难找；房租贵；房太吵 2. How do you find .= How do you like. 3. be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事 选项中 找 be accustomed to doing sth.或 adapt used to do sth 过去常常 选项中找 was always 或 找否定句 +now 2020/11/19 Business English Translation 24 练习 20106 Passage Two Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard. 30. A) State your problem to the head waiter. B) Demand a discount on the dishes ordered. C) Ask to see the manager politely but firmly. D) Ask the name of the person waiting on you. 31.A) You problem may not be understood correctly. B) You dont know if you are complaining at the right time. C) Your complaint may not reach the person in charge. D) You cant tell how the person on the line is reacting. 32.A) Demand a prompt response. B) Provide all the details. C) Send it by express mail. D) Stick to the point. 预读： 30 人物动作 31 原因 32 动作（建 议型或将来 动作） 话题： complain 2020/11/19 Business English Translation 25 CDD The way to complain is to act business-like and important. If your complaint is immediate, suppose you got the wrong order at a restaurant, make a polite but firm request to see the manager. When the manager comes, ask his or her name. And then state your problem and what you expect to have done about it. Be polite! Shouting or acting rude will get you nowhere. But also be firm in making your complaint. Besides, act important. This doesn t mean to put on airs and say “ do you know who I am?” What it means is that people are often treated the way they expect to be treated. If you act like someone who expects a fair request to be granted, chances are it will be granted. The worst way to complain is over the telephone. You are speaking to a voice coming from someone you cannot see. So you can t tell how the person on the line is reacting. It is easy for that person to give you the run-around. Complaining in person or by letter is generally more effective. If your complaint doesn t require an immediate response, it often helps to complain by letter. If you have an appliance that doesn t work, send a letter to the store that sold it. Be business-like and stick to the point. Don t spend a paragraph on how your uncle John tried to fix the problem and couldn t. 2020/11/19 Business English Translation 26 2020/11/19 Business English Translation 27 Keys to Model 3 China is a country with a great diversity of religions, with over 100 million followers of the various faiths. The main religions are Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, Catholicism and Christianity. Buddhism was introduced to China from ancient India approximately in the first century AD, and became increasingly popular and the most influential religion in China after the fourth century. Tibetan Buddhism, as a branch of Chinese Buddhism, is popular primarily in Tibet and Inner Mongolia. Taoism probably took shape as a religion during the second century, based on the philosophy of Laozi and his work, the Dao De Jing. 2020/11/19 Business English Translation 28 本文主要介绍了 历史上的 松赞干布和其 主张的通婚政策，为说明文。本文描述 的都是过去的事情，故译文时态应为 一 般过去时 。翻译时注意人名、地名的表 达。 描述历史人物、历史事件用一般过去时 2020/11/19 Business English Translation 29 1. 据说松赞干布（ Songtsan Gambo）英俊、机智、勇敢 而且健壮。 2为了国家的和平与稳定，他发现最有效的方 式是和周边王国通婚。 3在娶了尼泊尔的一位公主之后， 他把注意力转移到大唐。 4希望通过和大唐的公主结婚而 引进中原的先进文化和生产技术，松赞干布派他的大臣 到长安正式向唐太宗提出联姻。 5后来，文成公主下嫁到 吐蕃（ Tubo）。 6此后，吐蕃和大唐建立了亲密友好的 关系。 2020/11/19 Business English Translation 30 Keys to Model 4 It was said that King Songtsan Gambo had been a wise, handsome and brave man, with a strong body. He found the most convenient way to secure the kingdoms peace and stability is to establish matrimonial relationships between his royal family and those of his neighboring kingdoms. After marrying a princess of Nepal, he turned his attention to Tang. Wishing that the advanced culture and production technologies would be introduced from the Central to strengthen Tubo by marrying to princess of Tang, Songtsan Gambo sent his court Minister to Changan to officially propose the matrimonial relationship to Emperor Taizong. Later, Princess Wencheng was married off to Tubo. Since then, Tubo established intimate relations with the Tang Dynasty. 2020/11/19 Business English Translation 31 1. 据说 松赞干布（ Songtsan Gambo）英俊、机智、勇敢而且健壮 。 Its said that 松赞干布是一个英俊、机智、勇敢而且健壮的人 King Songtsan Gambo had been a wise, handsome and brave man, with a strong body. 2为了国家的和平与稳定，他发现最有效的 方式是 和周边王国 通婚。 A is B=A is to do He found the most convenient way to secure the kingdoms peace and stability is to establish matrimonial relationships between his royal family and those of his neighboring kingdoms. He found the most convenient way to secure the kingdoms peace and stability 2020/11/19 Business English Translation 32 3在 娶了尼泊尔的一位公主 之后 ， 他把注意力转移到大唐 。 After marrying a princess of Nepal, he turned his attention to Tang. 4希望 通过和大唐的公主结婚而 引进中原的先进文化和生产技术 ， 松 赞干布派他的大臣到 长安正式向唐太宗提出联姻。 Wishing that the advanced culture and production technologies would be introduced from the Central to strengthen Tubo by marrying to princess of Tang, Songtsan Gambo sent his court Minister to Changan to officially propose the matrimonial relationship to Emperor Taizong. Wishing that the advanced culture and production technologies would be introduced from the Central to strengthen Tubo by marrying to princess of Tang, Songtsan Gambo sent his court Minister to Changan to officially propose the matrimonial relationship to Emperor Taizong. 2020/11/19 Business English Translation 33 5后来，文成公主下嫁到吐蕃（ Tubo）。 Later, Princess Wencheng was married off to Tubo. 6此后，吐蕃和大唐建立了亲密友好的关系。 Since then, Tubo established intimate relations with the Tang Dynasty. 2020/11/19 Business English Translation 34 补充材料： 历史人物：孔子 1.孔子 (ConfUcius)是一位思想家、政治 家，教育家，也是中国儒 学 (the Ru School)思想的创始人。 2.儒学 (Confucianism)，这个道德和宗教哲学 的大系统建立在孔圣人 (Master Kung)的 教学上。 3.冯友兰， 中国思想史上 20世 纪伟大的的权威之一，把孔子在中国历 史上的影 响比作西方的苏格拉底。 2020/11/19 Business English Translation 35 1.孔子 (Confucius)是一位思想家、政治家，教育家， 也是 中国儒学 (the Ru School)思想的 创始人 。 Confucius was a thinker, political figure, educator A was B A is founder of the Ru School of Chinese thought 2.儒学 (Confucianism)，这个 道德和宗教哲学的大系统 建立在孔 圣人 (Master Kung)的教学上。 Confucianism, built upon the teachings of Master Kung. the great system of moral and religious philosophy Confucianism, the great system of moral and religious philosophy built upon the teachings of Master Kung. 2020/11/19 Business English Translation 36 3.冯友兰 ， 中国思想史上 20世纪伟大的的 权威之一 ， 把 孔子在中国历史上的 影 响 比作西方的 苏格拉底 。 Fung You-lan, one of the great 20th century authorities on the history of Chinese thought, compares Confucius influence in Chinese history with that of Socrates in the West. 同位语作主语 one of authorities the great 20th century on the history of Chinese thought, Fung You-lan, the one 冯友兰把孔子的影响作为苏格拉底对西方的影响 compares Confucius influence in Chinese history with that of Socrates in the West. Fung You-lan 2020/11/19 Business English Translation 37 Confucius was a thinker, political figure, educator, and founder of the Ru School of Chinese thought. Confucianism, the great system of moral and religious philosophy built upon the teachings of Master Kung. Fung You-lan, one of the great 20th century authorities on the history of Chinese thought, compares Confucius influence in Chinese history with that of Socrates in the West. 2020/11/19 Business English Translation 38 1. 在中国，笔、墨、纸、砚（ ink slab），就是人 们所说的 “ 文房四宝 ” ，在中华文明的传承中起了 重要作用。文房四宝不仅有实用价值，它们本身也 是供人观赏的艺术品，并逐步成为收藏品。文房四 宝品类繁多，丰富多彩，选材制作不断趋于完善、 精美，历代都有名品、名匠产生，成为一种深厚的 文化积淀。在当今时代，使用笔、墨、纸、砚进行 学习、写作的人越来越少了，但是，在中国的书法、 绘画、收藏以及修身养性活动中，它们仍起着不可 替代的作用。 2020/11/19 Business English Translation 39 In China, “four treasures of the study” refers to“ writing brush”, “ink stick”, “paper” and “ink slab”, playing an important role in passing on Chinese civilization. They not only have their value of practical use, but also become the works of art for appreciation and collection. There is a large variety of these four treasures. Selecting of materials and making process have become increasingly delicate and perfect. Each dynasty of Chinese history saw famous craftsmen appear and works produced, which is a profound process of cultural accumulation. In contemporary times, “four treasures of the study” have been increasingly rarely used for study or writhing, but they are still playing an irreplaceable role in the field of Chinese calligraphy, painting, collection and in the activities of cultivating ones mind. 2020/11/19 Business English Translation 40 2. 剪纸 (paper cutting)是中国最为流行的传统民 间艺术形式之一。中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历 史，在明朝 和清朝时期 (the Ming and Qing Dynasties)特别流行。人们常用剪纸美化居家环 境，特别是在春节和婚庆期间， 剪纸被用来装饰 门窗和房间，以增加喜庆的气氛。剪纸最常用的 颜色是红色，象征健康和兴旺。中国剪纸在世 界 各地很受欢迎，经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼物。 2020/11/19 Business English Translation 41 Paper cutting is one of Chinas most popular traditional folk arts. Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1,500 years. It was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. People often beautify their homes with paper cuttings. During the Spring Festival and wedding celebrations, in particular, paper cuttings are used to decorate doors, windows and rooms in order to enhance the joyous atmosphere. The color most frequently used in paper cutting is red, which symbolizes health and prosperity. Chinese paper cutting is very popular around the world and it is often given as a present to foreign friends. Thank you !